توده بدون چربی

The purpose of this study was to examine body composition changes, selected factors ofphysical fitness and the inter-relationships among them in beginner adolescent in response to three months’ volleyball exercise training. 28 nonprofessional volleyball players of "Shomal Sports Complex" participated in this study. The exercise training program was performed in three months (three inconsecutive days a week and 1.5-2 hours per session). The factors for measurement included height, weight, body mass index (BMI), circumference and skin fold of selected parts of body, body composition factors, anaerobic tests, agility tests, dynamic test of muscular endurance. The results found from data analysis (using Paired Sample ttest, in level of α = 0.05) suggest that an insignificant increase was observed in body weight and BMI, a significant decrease found in %BF, FM, skin folds of triceps, femur, subscapularis, abdomen and chest, a significant increase observed in FFM, circumferences of arm, elbow, femur, calf, abdomen and chest, an insignificant decrease was found in calf skin fold. Also a significant increase was observed invertical jump, length jump, to & fro and jump upon line, a significant decrease found in 4 × 9 meter of agility and an insignificant increase was observed in sit up. No significant correlation was found among body composition factors (length of inferior limp, high, weight, BMI, %BF, FM and FFM) with selected tests of physical fitness, either before the start of exercise training or after it. However, a major reason of progression in physical fitness record could be improvement in body composition result in regular exercise training.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of creatine supplementation on some of performance and structural parameters in young wrestlers. For this purpose ninteen young wrestlers with mean weight 67/87±7/935 kg and age 22/75±3/72years were randomly assigned in a double-blind method to either creatine (CT, n=10) or placebo (PL, n=9) treatment group. The CT group ingested 5g of creatine four times a day for five days. The PL. group followed the same supplementation schedule except  they were given glucose as a placebo. Dependent variables included weight, fat free mass (FFM) and performance parameters that contain maximum isometrice strength (MIS) by dynamometer and peak power(PP), mean power(MP) and total work were measured by five 30 seconds arm wingate test with 30 seconds recovery interval between sets. Statistical analyses were done using SPSS/13.5. The effect of exercise protocol was tested using paired t test and independent t tests for comparisons data. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05. Results of the independent "t"-test indicated that the creatine supplementation had no significant change for both CT and PL groups between pre- and post-test in total performance parameters. As well as mean difference body weight and FFM had no significant between CT and PL groups. Whereas body weight in CT group increased abought 0/3 Kg ,it decreased in PL group. This study suggests that short-term creatine supplementation did not significantly change performance and structural parameters during the repeated bouts of maximal exercise in young wrestlers.