ورزش

Finding the best teaching methods to help children development and improvement is essential. Therefore, the purpose of this qualitative study was to discover the factors related to education from the perspective of children, teachers and sport sciences professors. The statistical population of this study was all elementary school children in Asadabad, Hamadan, physical education teachers with at least 20 years of experience, and physical education professors with at least a university degree in Iran. To conduct this study, based on theoretical saturation and a purposeful method, 10 children, 10 teachers, and 8 professors were interviewed. In this regard, the results of the offline semi-structured interview of this study showed that children consider appropriate education in the game, lack of teacher intervention, lack of verbal explanation, and correct judgment. According to teachers, games, use of equipment and feedback should be used in proper education, and professors also considered games, environment manipulation and verbal explanation to be effective for proper education. As a general conclusion, the results of this study emphasize the manipulation of constraints and games that are related to the principles of ecological dynamics methods. However, the important result of this study is the gap between the opinion of children and teachers/professors about education; Because teachers/professors still emphasize verbal feedback and explanation; But children do not consider these things appropriate in education.

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of Internet marketing mix on the intention of customers to buy sports products online with the role of moderator of online shopping anxiety. The present study is an applied research in terms of purpose and quantitatively strategically and in terms of correlation implementation path, field data collection and prospective time. In the present study, the statistical population was the customers of reputable foreign sports brands (Adidas, Nike, Puma, etc.), in which 360 people were selected as the research sample and were selected by available sampling method and voluntarily. According to the objectives of the study, the appropriate tools for this study was a questionnaire; For this purpose, to collect data related to the Internet marketing mix, a questionnaire of 42 questions by Kasumawati et al. (2014), which consists of 7 components (price, product, promotion, site, customer service, personalization, security) used. Also, Danes and Wei (2005) 5-question questionnaire was used to measure the variable of online shopping intention, and finally, Nagaro Gandotra (2016) questionnaire, which consists of 5 questions, was used to measure the variable of online shopping anxiety. Confirmatory factor analysis and mediating the effects and mediating role of the research were analyzed at 5% error level using 25 SPSS and Smart PLS 3.2.9 software. The results showed that the internet marketing mix has a positive and significant effect on online shopping intention, also online shopping anxiety has a moderating role between the effect of internet marketing mix on online shopping intention.

The purpose of this research was to provide a model of preparation components for virtual and online training of various sports disciplines with a grounded theory approach. This research was conducted qualitatively and with the grounded theory method. The method of data collection was the study of theoretical foundations and in-depth and open interviews with 17 experts and experts in the field of virtual education, including sports management professors and prominent trainers with online teaching experience, as well as IT professors who were selected purposefully and the interviews It was done until theoretical saturation was reached. The validity of this research was checked and confirmed by the interviewees and then expert professors. Its reliability was also confirmed using the study-audit process method. For data analysis, continuous comparison method was used in three stages of open, central and selective coding using MaxQD Pro version software. Data analysis showed that 56 conceptual codes and 15 main categories (virtual and online education and electronic preparation as the main phenomenon, physical-psychological health, human resources involved in training and sports capabilities in causal conditions, virtual education culture and information infrastructures and Communication in contextual conditions, factors related to online education, economic situation, laws and policies in intervening conditions, educational strategies and financial planning as suggested strategies and sports, economic and public health consequences) were obtained. Varied and high-quality educational content, motivated, experienced trainers familiar with modern technology, activity in the framework of strategic thinking and financial resources, the development of virtual education in sports.

It has been almost two decades since Iran's sports have progressed towards becoming professional, but according to the reviews, it seems that it is far from becoming professional. This research has a qualitative, descriptive and exploratory nature. The current research is qualitative in terms of generality, according to the scenario writing process. In this research, Peter Schwartz's scenario writing approach has been used. The studied community; There are experts such as sports marketing professors, CEOs of women's premier league clubs and the league organization, and the theoretical saturation criterion in this method ended the number of interviews. Also, the selection method of systematic sampling was done with a network approach. In order to analyze the data in this research, firstly, to identify the status of mutual effects of revenue generating variables of Premier League football clubs in a 10-year horizon, the approach of structural analysis and Micmac software was used. The analysis of the findings showed that only 4 components of the total 24 issues of effective influence on the system are the key drivers of the future revenue generation of the Women's Premier League clubs. The reason for the low revenue generation in the women's premier football league clubs is: not allowing Sedavasima to the clubs of the women's premier football league and the league organization to sell matches to foreign media networks, the state and monopoly of Sedavasima and the absence of private media networks.

The aim of the research was to design a model of indicators affecting the life expectancy of elderly athletes. The current research was applied in terms of purpose, in terms of survey method. The statistical population of the research in the quantitative part included elderly athletes who were selected based on Crookran's formula in the number of 385 people. The research tool included a researcher-made questionnaire, which was analyzed with Imus software. Based on the findings, health-oriented lifestyle, the place of sports for the elderly and social marketing in sports for the elderly each have an effect on the life expectancy of the elderly by 0.26, 0.37 and 0.33, respectively. Also, the results of investigating the mediating role of the social marketing variable in elderly sports showed that this variable has a partial mediating role and also has a simple model (a mediating variable) with a significant focus on the direct path of the health-oriented lifestyle of the elderly and the place of elderly sports on the life expectancy of the elderly. Have been, and its effect coefficient is 0.159 and 0.123. Therefore, it can be concluded that the life expectancy of the elderly is affected by the mentioned indicators, and if we are looking to increase the life expectancy among the strata, we must implement various strategic and operational policies in line with the implementation of a health-oriented lifestyle, the place of sports for the elderly and apply social marketing in elderly sports.

The aim of the current research was to present a model of people's behavioral futures in the field of sports after the end of the Corona virus. This work was done by conducting a qualitative research of the grand theory type, which method is exploratory. In this research, it was analyzed through literature review and exploratory interview regarding the presentation of the model, based on the method arising from the data and according to the method of Strauss and Corbin. To conduct the field interview, the statistical community of the research is experts and professors in the fields of sports management, sociology, psychology, who have published at least one research (research article, speech, research plan, authoring and translation of a book) in the field of the research topic. Had reached In order to identify these people, a purposeful sampling method was used. This sampling continued until theoretical saturation was reached and finally 19 people were selected as a sample. Finally, the categories were determined in the form of 13 categories and 48 conceptual codes and were placed in the heart of the 6 dimensions of the paradigm model. Factors such as individual and managerial factors have an effect on the behavioral consequences of people in the field of sports after the end of the corona disease. For this purpose, strategies have been proposed, and these strategies are affected by background conditions (sports culture before Corona and consumption of sports during Corona) and also by intervening conditions (economic, rules and regulations, and behavior). Implementation of the suggested strategies leads to economic, health and lifestyle consequences.

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of knowledge management on the organizational health of physical education teachers in Guilan Province. The research method employed in this study is a descriptive survey. The statistical population consists of physical education teachers working in art schools located in Guilan Province. The sample size consisted of 92 participants selected through cluster sampling, as determined by the Morgan table. The data collection instrument was a researcher-developed questionnaire, which had its face and content validity confirmed by 10 experts in the field. The reliability coefficient of the questionnaire was found to be 0.80, as measured by Cronbach's alpha. The research data were analyzed using the mean statistical method and the Pearson correlation coefficient, employing SPSS version 21 software. The results of the research indicate that all components of knowledge management—namely, knowledge identification (p=0.001, t=1.772), knowledge creation (p=0.001, t=2.365), knowledge recording (p=0.001, t=1.870), knowledge sharing (p=0.001, t=1.978), knowledge implementation (p=0.001, t=2.177), learning (p=0.001, t=2.419), empowerment (p=0.001, t=2.225), innovation (p=0.001, t=1.810), and productivity (p=0.001, t=2.622)—have a significant impact on the organizational health of physical education teachers in Guilan Province. Furthermore, there is a positive and significant relationship among all these components.

The brain Frontal asymmetry is known as a comprehensive tool for perceiving brain interactions both cognitively and emotionally and has been proven to be correlated with emotions. For this reason, it is known as one of the most important tools in the field of marketing and advertising. This research mainly is aimed at investigating the changes of Frontal zones of brain from the observation of commercial advertising, which was performed using electro-encephalography. The research method was semi experimental and the population of this study included students of the Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. The sample of the study was randomly selected from among the community members and consisted of 30 students. In this research, the WinEEG, Neuro Guide and MATLAB software was used to convert electroencephalographic data to quantitative data and to test the hypotheses of the research, standard score, one sample t-test, independent t-test and SPSS software we used. Results indicated a significant difference in pleasure index between sport advertising and non-sport advertising and joy brought by sport ads was enjoyable for all of people. Also, results showed that in 0.05 level people who were interested in sports, there was a significant difference compared to people who were not interested. Therefore, it can be said that the utilize of sports component and factors in advertising is able to create a desirable and pleasant feeling in people towards the advertised product.

The current research was carried out with the aim of developing the optimal governance of online sports platforms. The research method was qualitative. In this research, semi-structured interviews were used to collect information, and data analysis was done using the Strauss and Corbin method and the paradigm model. The statistical population of research included policy makers in the field of technology, managers of platforms and experts in the field of platform ecosystem in the field of sports, managers of sports media, academic staff members familiar with research literature. In the end, 17 people were selected until the theoretical saturation limit was reached in a totally improbable way and by using targeted theoretical and snowball techniques. The reliability of interviews was obtained by studying the intra-subject agreement of 0.79. In total, 117 conceptual propositions from open code and 22 axes from the communication process between codes and 15 selected codes were created to develop the main phenomenon. The results showed 15 factors of integrated platform space management, technical and physical infrastructure, transparent data-driven governance, structure, social values ​​and norms, national information network, transparency and accountability, public and governance regulatory structure, information empowerment, content security. , corruption, legislation, e-governance facilitation, people-centeredness and regulation were identified in order to develop the optimal governance of online sports platforms. Therefore, it is possible to help improve the performance and develop the governance of online sports platforms by creating the necessary conditions for the realization of all the identified factors.

The club is the most effective and fundamental sports organization in Iran. It has been nearly two decades since Iran's sports have progressed towards becoming professional, but according to the reviews, it seems that it is far from becoming professional. This research has a qualitative, descriptive and exploratory nature and deals with research on the future of the workforce in the sports industry and related issues. The current research is qualitative in terms of generality, according to the scenario writing process. In this research, Peter Schwartz's scenario writing approach has been used. the studied community; There are experts such as sports marketing professors, CEOs of Premier League clubs and league organizations, and the criterion of theoretical saturation in this method ended the number of interviews. structural analysis approach and Micmac software were used to identify the status of mutual effects of revenue generating variables of Premier League football clubs in a 10-year horizon. It should be noted that Scenario Wizard calculation software was used to facilitate the use of this method. The analysis of the findings showed that only 4 components of the total of 24 issues of effective influence on the system are the key drivers of the future revenue generation of Premier League clubs. The reason for the low revenue generation in the clubs of the Premier Football League of Iran; Not allowing Radio to sell matches to foreign media networks is the monopoly of Radio and the absence of private media networks.

This study aimed to identify the requirements for intercultural management in a sports setting.

This research was a qualitative exploratory study that has been done using a thematic analysis method. The study's statistical population included experts in sports and culture, and according to the nature of the research, 14 experts were interviewed as the research participants through purposive sampling until reaching theoretical saturation. The tool used in the research was a semi-structured interview. The intra-subject agreement method was used to ensure the reliability of the findings. Also, the criterion of reliability or trustworthiness, which includes four separate but related criteria, including credibility, reliability, transferability, and confirmability, was used to evaluate the quality of qualitative results.

Braun and Clarke's (2006) method of thematic analysis extracted 82 codes, 11 sub-themes, and four main themes. The findings revealed that the requirements for intercultural management in a sports setting included "cultural factors," "effective relationships and interactions," "ethical considerations," and "flexibility."

Considering the universality of the phenomenon of sports and the necessity of aristocracy on how to adapt and coordinate the different layers active in the field of sports with the common cultural differences in the sports environment, paying attention to the various requirements and considerations extracted in this study can be in line with cultural compatibility and Efforts to reduce cultural conflicts in sports have a significant necessity.

This research aimed to explain the factors affecting the migration of Iraqi sports elites.

The research method was qualitative and based on data-driven techniques. The statistical population of the current research is experts (athletes, heads of sports boards and expert professors) in elite sports. The snowball sampling method was used to conduct in-depth and semi-structured interviews. The research tool was an interview that was conducted with 16 people. The validity of the research tool (interview) was confirmed by the interviewees and then by the expert professors, and the within-subject agreement method was used to measure the reliability. According to this method, the reliability value was equal to 0.89. In order to analyze the data, the foundation data theory method and MAXQDA version 20 software were used.

The findings of this research showed that the factors affecting the migration of sports elites in Iraq include economic problems, social problems, cultural problems in the society, inefficient political system, weakness in the management system, psychological factors, and solutions for the migration of sports elites. The country of Iraq includes the development of the economy of Iraq, the improvement of the social situation of the society, the development of the culture of sports, professional policymaking in sports, the improvement of the management system of Iraq and the promotion of hope and motivation among elite athletes. These categories themselves include 30 concepts and 119 factors or open codes.

Based on the findings of this research, macro-policies and effective measures should be taken to improve the quality of social and professional life of elite athletes, as well as managers, with financial and economic support for them. Provide the conditions for developing Iraqi sports at the elite and championship levels.

This study aims to identify the key factors influencing the development of AI startups in the health and sports sectors. This applied and survey-based study included a sample of 137 managers, experts, and staff from AI startups in health and sports, selected through convenience sampling. Data were collected using a researcher-developed questionnaire comprising 39 items across six dimensions. Analytical methods included the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test for normality, confirmatory factor analysis, and the Friedman test for ranking factors. The findings revealed that managerial factors, with a mean score of 4.79, played the most significant role in developing AI startups in health and sports. Economic factors (mean score: 4.55) and advertising factors (mean score: 4.33) ranked second and third, respectively. Innovation, awareness, and cultural factors followed in descending order. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that all questionnaire items had factor loadings above 0.4, demonstrating the construct validity of the instrument. The results highlight that effective management and adequate financial resources are critical for the success of AI startups. Moreover, strategic advertising and raising public awareness can facilitate the adoption of AI technologies. These insights can guide policymakers and managers in designing effective strategies to expand AI startups in the health and sports sectors.

Considering the growing importance and link between sports and technology, the general purpose of this research was to identify the consequences of technology development in the field of sports. 

This research was an exploratory qualitative study that was conducted using thematic analysis method. The statistical population of the research included experts in the field of sports and technology. According to the nature of the research, 11 people were interviewed as the research participants through snowball sampling until reaching the theoretical saturation. The tool used in the research process was a semi-structured interview. 

The thematic analysis of the data by Braun and Clarke (2006) model led to the extraction of 235 codes, 24 sub-themes and 7 main themes. The findings showed that "development of athlete preparation", "development of events", "development of smart tourism", "development of businesses", "development of science", "development of equipment", and "development of sport places" were the consequences of technology development in the field of sports. 

Based on the findings, the development of technology in sports can lead to the development of athlete preparation, development of events, development of smart tourism, development of businesses, development of science, and development of sports equipment and places. Therefore, according to the findings, it is recommended to sports managers and trustees to focus their policies on the comprehensive development and advancement of technology in the field of sports based on the consequences of technology in sports.

The purpose of this research was to identify and evaluate the factors affecting managerial corruption in sports, therefore, by identifying these indicators, managerial corruption has been analyzed from internal and external aspects. The research community consists of 23 university professors who have a history of research and study in the field of corruption. Based on the literature review and research background, 11 indicators were identified and extracted in 4 dimensions: a) The nature of contemporary sports. b) The main indicators of governance. c) Trans-departmental levels. D) consequence. For data analysis, the combined method of fuzzy multi-criteria decision theory including: ANP based on DEMATEL (fuzzy DANP) was used. Fuzzy DNP is one of the most widely used methods in the field of multi-criteria decision making. In this method, the structure of the network and the weight of the dimensions are determined by the DEMATEL method, and the total effect matrix of the DEMATEL method is used to form the unweighted hypermatrix for the ANP method. The results showed that the outcome index and transsectoral levels were the most effective factors on managerial corruption, as well as the governance indicators and the nature of contemporary sports were also recognized as the most effective factors. The results of the prioritization of the factors from the participants' point of view showed that the indicators of the nature of contemporary sports (including commercialism, politicization, and politicization) had the highest final weight. Corruption grows where there are grounds for corrupt activity. Therefore, with the establishment of the monitoring and investigation system, as well as the proportionality of the crime and punishment system, in addition to the fact that sports find a suitable financial dynamic, corrupt structures are also controlled.

The purpose of this research was to design a model for creating capacities and political platforms in sports using the data theory of the foundation. The research method is analytical, for this purpose qualitative methodology was used. The research strategy was to use the theory arising from the data. The participants in the research were 16 people, including sports management experts, experts from the Ministry of Sports and the National Olympic Committee. The field of study and having scientific publications related to the field of sports politics and diplomacy, having managerial positions and executive experience in the field of sports were among the indicators for selecting the initial list of experts, and the sampling strategy in the qualitative part was targeted and with maximum diversity or It was heterogeneity. Content analysis of interviews and coding were used to analyze the data. The research tool was open interview and the results were analyzed based on three stages of open, central and selective coding. The findings showed that streamlining, international seats, policy making and planning were the indicators of causal factors. The main phenomena included the position of the country's sports in the world, the political role of sports, the economic development of sports, the socialization of sports, and the development of international relations. The background factors were foundation, education and training of human resources, knowledge management. Also, intervening factors, including the relationship between foreign policy and sports, formed the relationship between domestic policy and sports.

This research, which seeks to identification the potential of developing the diplomatic approach in sports with the approach of organizational factors and human resource management factors, is a practical research, and a qualitative research method has been used. The data collection phase is the beginning of a process in which the researcher gathers field and library findings and then classifies and analyzes them and evaluates the questions he or she has formulated. The process of interviewing, coding, and extracting the theory took several months, and the researcher himself was fully involved. Based on the characteristics of the desired codes, these codes can form the concept of organizational factors and human resource management factors. Research finding shows a valuable sports organization is one that has trained staff in the field of sports diplomacy. Such employees have creativity, innovation, commitment, work conscience, curiosity, perseverance and integrity and in addition to their own progress, they care about the progress of other people in the organization and by sharing their knowledge and providing practical solutions, lead their organization to progress.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of family responsibilities and personal-environmental factors in the level of female participation in sports in Tehran. This study constitutes applied research with a descriptive survey approach. The study population consisted of women participating in women's parks in Tehran. Due to the diversity of the research communities, 384 people were selected to determine the sample size by referring to the final level of the Morgan's table. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire, which was designed based on the research objectives and adapted from previous studies. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by 10 academics and specialists in the field of sports management who studied sports participation. Its reliability was confirmed using Cronbach's alpha (0.80). The data was analyzed using Spearman and chi-square tests. The findings of the research showed that there is an inverse and significant relationship between the rate of sports participation of women and the responsibilities of taking care of family members, and lack of time. There is a positive and significant relationship between encouragement from others, a suitable role model from the media, and the tendency towards health and sports participation of women. Considering the issue of women's sports participation and according to the results of the present study, it is suggested that policymakers and managers in the field of women's sports, who have double roles and more responsibilities in the family, are responsible for paying special attention. Therefore, it seems that the establishment of maintenance centers for children in sports complexes, the formation of women's sports associations in neighborhoods, and the development of appropriate sports programs to encourage women's participation can help as practical strategies to improve their involvement in sports activities. This can be supported by societal institutions, including the municipality and the Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of spiritual marketing and entrepreneurial orientation on sustainable competitive advantage through the mediation of marketing capabilities in sports complexes in Tehran province. The statistical population of the study was managers of sports complexes in Tehran province. According to the estimation of the research sample in the structural equation approach for each variable, 5 people were considered; from which 93 correct questionnaires were returned through simple random sampling. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by sports management professors and its reliability was confirmed by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient of more than 0.70. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the demographic situation and structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to test the hypotheses. Also, all tests were analyzed using SPSS and PLS Smart software. The research findings showed that spiritual marketing has a positive and significant effect on sustainable competitive advantage directly and through marketing capabilities. Also, entrepreneurial orientation has a positive effect on sustainable competitive advantage directly and through marketing capability, and finally, the results showed that marketing capability has a positive and significant direct effect on sustainable competitive advantage. Therefore, organizations that focus on spiritual marketing and have a strong entrepreneurial orientation can achieve sustainable competitive advantage by improving their marketing capabilities.

Olympics is a major sporting event that officially promotes "equality," "diversity," and "inclusion." It serves as a platform for female athletes to gain pride and inspire other women. The persent research provides a comprehensive overview of the social field studies of women's sports in the Olympics, as indexed in the Scopus scientific database. The data includes eighty-two articles published and indexed between 1984 and 2024. The analyses were conducted using the Bibliometrix-R software. The performance results indicate an average annual growth rate of published studies was 3.54. The prominent authors were mostly from developed countries, and Western institutions had the most collaboration in scientific publications in this field. The leading publishing sources were “International Journal of the History of Sport”, “International Review for the Sociology of Sport”, and “Sport in Society”. The co-occurrence of author’s key words revealed two clusters (media and gender) issuse within the structure of these studies. Drawing scientific map also generated five themes, including gender, media, religion, female athletes, and elite sports, in proportion to their centrality and density in the strategic diagram.