جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « elderly » در نشریات گروه « تربیت بدنی »

This study was conducted with the aim of identifying the model of barriers to participation of the elderly in sports in the form of a model. The research method is mixed, in which a qualitative section of 17 professors and experts in the field of geriatric sports were purposefully consulted, and 8 factors were identified as barriers to the participation of the elderly in sports, including barriers to personal and personality traits. Were cultural and social, environmental, facilities, information, health status, financial and economic, and structural barriers. In the quantitative part, 324 elderly people answered the research questionnaire through face-to-face and online questionnaires by available sampling method. The validity of the questionnaire was assessed using the opinions of sports management professors and experts, and its reliability was calculated to be 0.93 through Cronbach's alpha. Exploratory factor analysis test was also confirmed by a researcher-made questionnaire. Structural equation analysis test of the proposed research model showed that all the factors identified in this study have a significant effect on reducing the participation of the elderly in sports, among which the effect of cultural and social barriers had the highest rate with 34%. Due to the increasing elderly population in the country, and the sensitivity of this segment of society, it is suggested to the country's officials and managers, based on the priorities identified in this study, to remove barriers to the elderly in sports, to continue a more active lifestyle. Have your own life.

Falling is one of the serious issues of old age that occurs due to many factors. This research aimed to compare static and dynamic balance, walking speed, spinal curvature, and central stability of elderly people with and without a history of falling.

The current research was a causal-comparative research. 60 elderly women aged between 60 and 70 from Tabriz voluntarily participated in the research. The participants were assigned into two groups with and without a history of falling. The fall history of the participants was measured by the Fall Efficacy Scale. The static and dynamic balance were evaluated by Sharpened-Romberg and Timed Up and Go tests, respectively. Walking speed was measured with a 10-meter walk test, core stability was measured with McGill endurance tests, and spinal curvature was measured with a flexible ruler. Independent t-test was used to compare the mean variables in two groups.

The results showed a significant difference between the static and dynamic balance indices, lumbar spine curvature, walking speed, and core stability in the elderly with and without a history of falling. However, there was no significant difference between the curvature index of the lumbar spine in the elderly with and without a history of falling.

According to the research results, it seems necessary to develop and improve the indices of balance, walking speed, and core stability in people with a history of falling.

This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the electrical activity of the lower limb muscles while maintaining static and dynamic balance, emphasizing the history of falls in the elderly. The research is causal-comparative and practical in terms of purpose. The statistical population of this research was the elderly who were selected in two groups with a history of falling (10 people) and without a history of falling (10 people) in a purposeful way. using an electromyography device, the activity of the right rectos femoris, biceps femoris and tibialis anterior muscles of the right and left foot was recorded during the balance test. To assess the normality of data distribution, Shapiro Wilks test was used. The data were processed using analysis of variance for repeated measure at a significance level of 0.05.The results showed that while maintaining balance on the right foot, there is a difference between the normalized EMG activity of the right and left biceps femoris muscle (BF) of the two groups, and in the TUG test, the group with a history of falling showed more activity in the right rectus femoris (RF) muscle and the right biceps femoris (BF) muscle than the nonfalling group. According to the results, the normalized EMG activity of the biceps femoris (BF) and rectus femoris of the elderly with a history of falling while maintaining static and dynamic balance is significantly higher than that of the elderly without a history of falling; The increased EMG activity in falling group can be attributed to the recruitment of more motor units for compensation of balance deficit. Considering that performing static and dynamic balance exercises increases the activity of lower limb muscles in the elderly with a history of falls, therefore, to prevent frequent falls in the elderly with a history of falls, it is recommended to strengthen the biceps and rectos femoris muscles through balance exercises in these people.

The effect of physical activity and living in enriched environment on some cognitive mechanisms in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is not yet well understood. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of aerobic training along with enriched environment on spatial memory and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the Hippocampal tissue of elderly female Wistar rats with Alzheimer's disease.

In this experimental study, 30 elderly female Wistar rats with twenty-one-month-old and average weight of 260±20 grams were used and divided into 6 groups: control-healthy, Alzheimer's, sham group, Alzheimer's + aerobic exercise (treadmill), Alzheimer's + enriched environment, Alzheimer's + enriched environment + aerobic exercise (treadmill). Rats in the training groups performed two 15-min sessions with 5-minute passive rest at a speed of 10 m/min in the first and second weeks. In the third week, they performed three sessions at a speed of 15 m/min with a 5-min break, and in the fourth week, four sessions per day at a speed of 15 m/min with a 5-min break. In the enriched environment group, the animals were kept in a plexiglass material larger than the standard cage (60×50×70 cm3). In these cages, devices such as ladders, hollow pipes, wooden blocks and plastic toys were placed. In Alzheimer's groups, rats were anesthetized by intraperitoneal injection of ketamine (80 mg/kg) and xylazine (20 mg/kg). Then, Alzheimer's Aβ was induced by intracerebroventricular injections (10μg/rat). Spatial memory was measured by Morris water maze, barin derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and Trk-B by western blot. In a pilot study in order to evaluate the spatial memory of rats, one week after beta-amyloid injection, all rats were divided into Alzheimer's and control groups. Rats were trained in the maze for four days and the mean percentage permanence in the platform area was recorded. The results of the independent t-test showed that there is a significant difference between the control group and Alzheimer's group (P=0.0152). Therefore,  One-way analysis of variance with Tukey's post-hoc test (P<0.05) were used to analyze the data.

BDNF increased in all groups significantly (P<0.001), and comparisons between groups were significant except for control vs sham (P=0.27) and Alzheimer's vs Aerobic Alzheimer's (P=0.20) groups. Trk-B increased in all groups and between-group comparisons were significant except for control vs sham (P=0.22), aerobic Alzheimer's vs Alzheimer's enriched environment (P=0.32). However, for spatial memory  only between-group comparisons for Alzheimer's vs control (P=0.02), and Alzheimer's vs Alzheimer's + enriched environment + aerobic training (P<0.001) groups were significant.

Based on the findings, it can be concluded that aerobic exercise and living in enriched environment can be effective on the spatial memory of elderly Alzheimer's rats through the increase of neurotrophic factors.

     Type 2 diabetes is a condition that leads to impaired axonal transport, and exercise can lead to its improvement. However, the mechanisms and effects of exercise in these disorders still need to be fully understood. This study aimed to examine the effect of combined exercises on serum kinesin-1 and the physical performance of older men with type 2 diabetes.   In this clinical semi-experimental study, 16 older men with diabetes (age: 67.07 ± 1.50 years) were randomly divided into two control groups and aerobic resistance training groups. The exercises were done for eight weeks and three sessions per week for 90 minutes. Kinesin-1 blood variable and performance  physical  were measured 48 hours before and after training. Paired t-test was used to check intra-group changes, and the ANCOVA test was used to check the difference between groups. All statistical calculations were performed using SPSS version 23 software at a significance level of P<0.05. Paired t-test shows that in the training group, kinesin-1 values (t = 4.14, P = 0.08) decreased, lower body strength (t = 2.26, P = 0.01) significantly increased, and aerobic endurance values ( t=5.15, P=0.07) and upper body strength (t=1.80, P=0.09) increased after the intervention. Intergroup analysis showed a significant increase in aerobic endurance values (P=0.006, F=11.80) and lower body strength (P=0.01, F=10.80). Also, the levels of kinesin-1 (P=0.07, F=61.23) decreased, and upper body strength increased (P=0.08, F=8.70), but they were not significant. According to the results of prescribing combined exercises in The elderly with type 2 diabetes, it can have the most excellent effect on improving functional indices and improving kinesin-1 values in diabetic elderly.  Prescribing combined exercises in the elderly with type 2 diabetes has probably improved  physical performance and kinesin-1 levels in the elderly with diabetes

The aim of this study was to investigate relationship of physical activity during the COVID-19 Pandemic with life expectancy and life satisfaction of elderly. Methodology was descriptive-correlational which was done cross-sectionally in the year 2021. Statistical population included all of elderly people aged ≥60 years in Hamadan city. The number of 391 people participated who were selected from public places in Hamadan city by using a convenience sampling method. Data were collected using International Physical Activity Questionnaire, Life Expectancy, and Life Satisfaction. Data were analyzed by SPSS 26 and Smart PLS 3 software and structural equation method. The average age of the participants was 67.73±7.18 years. Mean and standard deviation of life satisfaction and life expectancy were 18.18±6.56, 19.98±6.85, respectively. 54.2% of people had low level of physical activity, 37.6% Moderate level of physical activity, and 8.2% high levels of physical activity. Physical activity had a positive and significant effect on life satisfaction (p<0.01) and life expectancy (p<0.01). According to the results, if the elderly participate in the physical activities, the results will be increasing of life satisfaction and life expectancy During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

A large number of the elderly population suffers from mobility and functional impairments due to an unhealthy lifestyle. The close relationship between motor-functional abilities and joint and limb stability can affect daily activities such as walking. The aim of this study was to investigate the comparison of gait pattern symmetry among elderly women with good and bad motor-functional ability. 16 elderly women participated in this study. Based on their mobility and functional screening results, subjects of this study divided into two groups (G-MFA=8, B-MFA=8). Motion analysis system was used to collect gait pattern data. After smoothing the motion data and performing inverse kinematics, the data were normalized based on the gait cycle. Spatial-temporal symmetry was obtained through three-dimensional marker position data, while kinematic symmetry was obtained through selected degrees of freedom using statistical parametric mapping. For statistical comparison, we first used the Shapiro-Wilk test to examine the normality of the data distribution, followed by the independent t-test to compare the groups. We also utilized the paired t-test in the parametric mapping package to assess kinematics symmetry. Among the spatial-temporal and kinematic components studied, none of the spatial-temporal components were significant between the two groups of good and bad motor-functional ability. Among kinematic symmetry, significant were found in anterior-posterior tilt (p = 0/013) and lateral tilt (p = 0/045) at certain percentages of the gait cycle in the group with poor motor-functional ability. Based on the observed asymmetry in pelvic movements in the group with poor motor-functional ability, it is reasonable to infer that weakness in core muscle regions is a contributing factor in pelvis’s movement asymmetry. Strengthening these muscles in the elderly group could lead to improvements in gait quality and prevention of secondary issues related to gait asymmetry, such as falls.

The present study was conducted to compare the effect of dynamic neuromuscular stabilization (DNS) exercises and Otago on balance, proprioception and trunk endurance of elderly women.

45 elderly participants were divided into three groups: control, DNS, and Otago exercises, each consisting of 15 individuals. Sharpand-Romberg tests as well as standing and walking time were used to evaluate static and dynamic balance (DB). Trunk endurance was evaluated with a 60-degree flexion test and trunk proprioception with a goniometer. After evaluating the variables, the subjects of the training groups performed the exercises for 6 weeks. The control group did their daily activities. After the training program, a post-test was conducted, and statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 24 software. The analysis of covariance and post hoc Bonferroni test were utilized to compare the research factors between the experimental and control groups at a significance level of 0.05.

The results of the research showed that between the control group with DNS and the control group with Otago in static balance (p=0.001), DB (p=0.001 and p=0.005), trunk proprioception (p=0.001) and trunk endurance (p=0.001, p=0.003). Also, a significant difference was observed between the two groups of DNS-Otago in the variables of trunk proprioception (p=0.004) and trunk endurance (p=0.002). However, this difference was not significant in the field of static and DB (p>0.05).

The results of this study demonstrate the effectiveness of both DNS exercises and Otago in improving balance, endurance, and trunk proprioception in the elderly. These findings emphasize the importance of utilizing these exercises to enhance the functional level of older adults.

To investigate and compare two water and land walking programs on the balance index of overweight elderly people.

The current research was quasi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design. The statistical population included 64 seniors available in Gilan province aged 65 to 75 years. By Cochran's test, the statistical sample consisted of 54 people, and they were divided into three groups: 1. Walking in water (18 people), 2. Walking on land, 3. Control (18 people). Correlated t-test and two-way analysis of variance were evaluated to evaluate the values of overall balance, medial-lateral balance, and anterior-posterior balance in the pre-test and post-test in Spss version 25 software.

In the water walking group, the overall balance index had a mean difference of 0.22 and t value (3.592), the medial-lateral balance index (frontal) had a mean difference of 0.18 and t value (3.633), the anterior-posterior index value (sagittal) had a mean difference of 0.19 and the t value (3.501) was at a significant level (0.05). Also, in the dry walking group, the overall balance index had a mean difference of 0.11 and t value (2.412), the frontal balance had a mean difference of 0.14 and t value (3.015), the sagittal balance had a mean difference of (0.06) and t value (2.006) and the significance level was P<0.05.

Walking exercises on land and walking exercises in water have been associated with improving overall, anterior-posterior, and medial-lateral balance in overweight elderly people.

Very little research has been conducted on the content analysis of studies related to the elderly. This study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the research landscape and offer structured insights into this area. The research focuses on the content analysis of Iranian journals of physical education in the context of elderly individuals. This quantitative, applied research is based on content analysis and adopts a descriptive approach. The statistical population includes geriatric research published in Iranian physical education journals from 1993 to 2021. The research tool is a researcher-developed checklist, validated by ten professors, with a reliability coefficient of 0.97 using the Holsti formula. Data analysis was carried out using SPSS software. The findings revealed 213 relevant studies, with the majority published in the Motor Behavior journal. The most prevalent topic, constituting 30% of the articles, pertains to sports physiology, while biomechanics and management topics are less frequently addressed. Nearly all articles (99%) have a practical purpose and predominantly feature quantitative data. The quasi-experimental method is the most commonly used (76.05%), with training protocols being utilized in 81.22% of cases. Non-random sampling is the most frequently employed method, accounting for 53.52% of cases. Geographically, Tehran, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, and Isfahan provinces have the highest publication shares. SPSS software (73.23%), one-factor analysis of variance, and Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistical methods are the most prevalent analytical tools used by researchers. The research conducted in Iranian physical education journals regarding the elderly does not comprehensively cover the literature in this domain. Consequently, to advance knowledge in this area, it is crucial to conduct diverse research across all regions, as well as to employ descriptive and qualitative methods more extensively. It is anticipated that over time, publications will increasingly address the challenges and opportunities faced by the elderly, adopting a more forward-looking approach in this field.

The aim of the current research was to analyze the social effects of sports for the elderly in Iran.

The current research was applied in terms of its purpose and qualitative in terms of its execution method. The method used in this research is foundational data theory. The statistical population of this research is all sports science professors, sociology professors (due to their knowledge of the social issues of the elderly), psychology professors (due to their knowledge of the psychological issues of the elderly), municipal managers (due to providing more sports services to the elderly and being aware of the need general sports of the elderly) and researchers who have at least two scientific research articles in the field of research. In the current research, the method of combined theoretical sampling was targeted in a non-probabilistic manner until reaching theoretical saturation. For this purpose, 15 people were selected as research samples. In this research, the paradigm coding model was used to analyze the data obtained from grounded theory in the form of a systematic coding process including three open, central and selective stages.

The results of the research showed that the social effects of exercise for the elderly consist of two concepts: prevention of social harms and empowerment and hope for the future. The category of prevention of social damages was formed from the two concepts of development of psychological factors of lifestyle and strengthening of cultural and security issues, which consisted of 10 signs and 3 signs, respectively. The category of empowerment and hope for the future was also formed from the two concepts of improving the level of social life and increasing social capital, which were formed from 11 signs and 8 signs, respectively.

In a general conclusion, it should be stated that sports for the elderly should be promoted with the aim of social interactions, improvement and preservation of the individual capacities of the elderly, and as a result, a better adaptation of the elderly to different life conditions will be created.Keywords: Sports, Elderly, Social Effects, Empowerment, Social Injuries

Elderly is a critical period of life and it is very important to pay attention to the quality of life of the elderly, especially in critical situations of the outbreak of coronavirus. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of home exercise during coronavirus outbreak on the quality of life of the elderly. The study is a descriptive research including a sample population of 168 elderly over 60 years old in North Khorasan province in Iran. Convenience sampling was performed. To obtain the required data, a Short Form-36 (SF-36) questionnaire was used. For statistical analysis, Kolmogorov- Smirnov (K-S) test and Mann–Whitney U test were used. All the statistical operations were done using SPSS Statistics 22 in significance level of P≤0.05. The results of study indicate the active elderly enjoyed a higher quality of life than the non-active ones considering indicators such as physical and emotional problems, physical performance limitations, and public health and pain. However, in terms of social function indicator, no significant difference was noted between them. Given the importance of people being active during the coronavirus outbreak, exercise and regular physical activity can have a significant impact on improving the quality of life of the elderly, and therefore, it is recommended that families with the elderly and nursing homes to encourage the elderly should engage in physical activity.

Adipose tissue is one of the most important sources of synthesis and secretion of adipokines. A change in the content of this tissue can disrupt this balance and lead the body to unfavorable conditions. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of whole body resistance training on the serum levels of furin, adipoline and C-reactive protein in overweight elderly men.

In this semi-experimental research, 30 overweight elderly men participated and were randomly divided into two experimental and control groups (15 people). The experimental group performed resistance exercises for 12 weeks, 3 sessions each week for 60 minutes (10, 40 and 10 minutes of warm-up, exercise and cool-down, respectively). Blood samples were collected 48 hours before and after the intervention period to measure the serum levels of furin, adipulin and C-reactive protein. Data were analyzed using covariance test and paired t test at a significant level of 0.05.

TRX exercises caused a significant increase in the serum level of furin, CRP, Adipoline and a significant decrease in the serum level of C-reactive protein (P≤0.05). in the post-test of the experimental group. The results of the covariance test showed that the amount of all three indicators in the experimental group decreased significantly compared to the control group (P≤0.05).

It seems that this type of exercise can have an effect on the serum level of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory indicators in elderly people.

Introduction and One of the common signs of old age is a 2-4 times increase in the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a course of TRX exercises on cardiovascular parameters PTX3, CRP, IL-18 in overweight elderly men. In this semi-experimental study, 30 overweight elderly men participated and were randomly divided into two TRX training groups (15 people) and control (15 people). The experimental group performed exercises for 12 weeks and 3 sessions each week for 60 minutes (10 minutes of warm-up, 40 minutes of training and 10 minutes of cooling down). Blood samples were collected in two pre-test stages and 48 hours after the last training session to measure the serum levels of PTX3, CRP and IL-18. The data were analyzed using covariance and paired t test at a significant level of P≤0.05. TRX exercises caused a significant decrease in serum levels of PTX3, CRP, IL-18 in the post-test of the experimental group (P≤0.05).Discussion and It seems that this type of exercise can reduce inflammatory markers CRP and IL-18 in elderly people. These exercises are suggested as an effective factor in improving cardiovascular risk factors related to aging.