sports stadiums

The aim of this research was to design a model for constructing environmentally sustainable (green) sports stadiums.

This study is applied in nature and employs a mixed-method approach (qualitative and quantitative). Data were collected through interviews using a field-based strategy. The qualitative sample consisted of 40 individuals, including sports stadium managers and officials from the Ministry of Sports and Youth. The quantitative sample included all managers and employees of the Ministry of Sports and Youth, as well as managers and experts from the Sports Venues Development and Maintenance Company.

Based on the results, in the environmental sustainability factor: indicators of attention to the lack of destruction of ecosystems in the region, correct location of sports venues and spaces, and minimal air, land, and soil pollution in the design and construction of venues; in the location factor, respectively, indicators of attention to soil characteristics, attention to ground conditions in terms of appropriate slope, attention to the functional radius of the desired location; and in the aesthetic factor, respectively, indicators of harmony, form, space, environment, light, and color were identified as the most important indicators studied.

Considering the critical role of site selection in the development of green sports facilities, it is recommended that both natural and artificial environmental factors—such as climate conditions, accessibility, weather patterns, and soil topography—be carefully evaluated in the planning and design of facilities like swimming pools. Additionally, given the significance of economic considerations in the modern era, planners and managers are encouraged to prioritize economic efficiency and sustainability. This dual focus not only addresses athletic needs but also ensures the long-term viability and optimal use of sports facilities.

The present study was The role of sports stadium service quality in the environmental comfort and satisfaction of football spectators in the northwest of the country. This research is a descriptive and survey research in terms of investigation method and is practical in terms of purpose. The statistical population of the research is all the spectators of the football teams in the northwest of the country who are present in the first division league. Therefore, the community of this research is unknown. Due to the size of the unknown population, Cochran's formula was used to determine the sample size, and finally a sample size of 385 was selected. In this research, cluster sampling method was used according to the holding of competitions in three centers of the province and proportional sampling according to the number of spectators participating in the competitions. Structural equation modeling and factor analysis method were used to analyze the research data. The results show that there is a positive and significant relationship between tangible factors, credibility, accountability, confidence and empathy with the environmental comfort of the spectators of sports stadiums in the northwest of the country. Also, the relationship between tangible factors, credibility, accountability, confidence and empathy with the satisfaction of the spectators of the sports stadiums in the northwest of the country was confirmed. The SRMR index in this research with a value of 0.068 shows that the research model is highly reliable.

The income from the presence of spectators in the stadiums is one of the primary incomes of football teams. To increase this income, more spectators must enter the stadium. The physical quality of stadiums, such as cleanliness and hygiene, accessibility, safety, entertainment, parking, etc., is one of the most important factors that encourage spectators to watch live sports events. Therefore, knowing the impact of the physical quality of stadiums on the behavior of spectators is considered important for clubs and managers who intend to increase income. Therefore, in this research, the effect of the physical quality of football stadiums on the behavioral tendencies of the spectators has been investigated. The statistical population of the research included all the spectators of the premier football league matches; 325 people were selected by simple random sampling, and finally, 294 correct questionnaires were returned. The information was collected through a researcher-made questionnaire, which was obtained through interviews with experts (academic faculty members and sports managers) and library studies. The face and content validity of the questionnaires was confirmed by using the opinions of sports experts and sports management professors (10 people) after applying their corrective opinions. The internal reliability of the questionnaire items was also reported by the researcher in an experimental study using Cronbach's alpha method for the stadium characteristics questionnaire (0.97) and satisfaction questionnaire (0.87) and for Willingness to return (0.88) and after ensuring The validity of the questionnaires was used using SPSS software in the descriptive and inferential statistics section, as well as Amos software to draw path analysis. The results showed that the characteristics of the stadium have a positive and significant effect on satisfaction; Also, the characteristics of the stadium have a positive and significant effect on the Willingness to return of spectators. In addition, satisfaction has a positive and significant on willingness to return. Finally, it is possible to confirm the mediating effect of satisfaction in the relationship between the characteristics of the stadium and Willingness to return at the 95% confidence level. Therefore, according to the importance of the presence of spectators in stadiums, sports managers should periodically assess the needs and evaluate the satisfaction of the spectators as well as the quality of the stadiums, and by removing the shortcomings, witness the maximum attendance of the spectators