اقتصاد منطقه ای

Today, the tourism industry is one of the pillars affecting the urban and regional economy and is a powerful tool that includes economic, social and environmental effects. Urban tourism, as one of the sub-sectors of tourism, has recently received the attention of planners and administrators. Based on this, the aim of the current research is to investigate the impact of urban tourism indicators on the urban and regional economy, which has been carried out on a case-by-case basis in Ardabil city. The current research is applied in terms of its nature and descriptive, analytical and survey method. The statistical population of the research includes 15 experts and specialists. A questionnaire was used to collect data. The validity of the research was obtained using face validity and the reliability of the questionnaire was obtained using Cronbach's alpha 0.828. In order to analyze the data and prioritize the indicators in terms of effectiveness, the EDAS multi-criteria decision making model was used in the form of Excel software. The results of the application of the mentioned model showed that among the selected indicators, the physical-spatial index with the highest score (1) is in the first place and the human resource management structure index with the lowest score (0.728) in the first ranks, respectively. They are placed last.

Considering the limited available resources, in the field of regional economy, knowing the characteristics and economic advantages of each region provides the possibility of better planning in order to achieve development goals. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the comparative advantage of different economic sectors in Guilān province in 2014, 2016 and 2018, analyze the competitive advantage of sectors and determine the value added of sectors in Guilān province compared to the country during 2014-2016. For this purpose, the basic economy model and spatial coefficient index and shift share model were used. The results of the study showed that Guilān province in 2016 and 2018 has a relarive advantage in the agricultural sector and is in the field of economic activity and has a potential advantage for economic growth. Sectors related to agriculture, construction, wholesale, retail, vehicle and goods repair, food and shelter service activities, administrative and support services, public affairs and municipal services, and education have a competitive advantage and have undergone an upward trend in the years under study. The results of the share change model show that in the sector related to agriculture and service activities related to financial and insurance activities, Guilan province has the best performance in the country, but in the sector related to professional and scientific activities, the country has a better performance than Guilān province.

It has been years since innovation was first introduced as a driver of economic development. In addition, after a decade of attention to the regional innovation system policies in the Yazd province, this approach has not shown any positive effect on the development of the province. Thus, this study set out to provide a suitable model for the regional innovation system development in Iran following the investigation of the Yazd province as a case study. To this end, this study used the exploratory factor analysis and relative importance index to identify and analyze the key factors effective on the development of regional innovation system. The findings obtained from the opinions of experts and actors of this field showed that the three factors of human resources; the Science and Technology Park; and growth, innovation, and creativity centers in Yazd Province have the highest importance among all studied factors. This reveals the concentration of finances, policies, and projects on these factors and ignorance of other factors. In the light of the importance and the designated priorities, the factors of innovation system in Yazd province were classified into five groups. These included human and social resources, innovation infrastructure, innovation processes, business dynamics, and endogenous development. It can be concluded that so far, the concentration has been on the elementary stage of regional innovation system model – which essentially functions as the input for the system – and the innovation system in Yazd province is in its early stages. Accordingly to the obtained model of the study, the regional innovation system development in Yazd province needs concentration on the three groups of factors, i.e., innovation processes, business dynamism, and endogenous development.

In the discussion of regional economy and considering the Scarcity of resources and facilities available, understanding the economic characteristics and advantages of each province enables better planning for the achievement of development goals. Realizing national development requires recognizing the economic benefits of different regions of the country. The purpose of this article is to identify the relative advantage of the economic subdivisions of the provinces during the years 2005-2015. The instrument is a measurement of the basic economy model and the location quotient (LQ) calculated using data from the regional accounts of the Central Bank of Iran and the Statistics Center of Iran for 30 provinces. The location quotient indicate the relative importance of an activity in the region relative to the relative importance of the same activity in the national economy and has been used by researchers in economic geography and regional economics. Surveys in this article show that agriculture, hunting and forestry, building, education, health and social assistance, hotels and restaurants have a recognized advantage in most provinces. Whereas the economic activities of industry, water and electricity, gas, transportation and public administration in most of the provinces have lost their advantage, often fishing, mining and financial intermediaries in the provinces have no advantage. Surveys also show that in terms of value-added share of total productions of the country, the services sector is at the first place with 51.7 percent, industry sector is at the second place with 38.7 percent and agriculture sector is at the third place with 9.6 percent. The results of the location quotient method show that according to the fifteen subdivisions, the priority activities in each province. Therefore, it is necessary for national and regional planners to make decisions regarding investment, resource allocation and budget adjustment in order to lead to economic growth in the country.
Keywords: regional economic, relative advantage, location quotient, economic sectors.

Formation of free trade zones with an effective economic mechanism, in addition to the development of tourist activities, has undergone major changes in the region's economic activities. Considering the importance of the subject, the main objective of this research is to evaluate the effects of the Aras Free Zone on the development of tourism activities and in line with that of the region's economy. The method of research in this study is a theoretical-practical and with descriptive-analytical nature. Data gathering was done by documentary-field survey method and was used to analyze the information by structural analysis method using Amos software. The statistical population of the research is officials, managers and urban elites. 200 people have been selected using snowball method as sample size. The results of the research indicate that the formation of the Aras Free Zone has had a positive impact on the development of tourism activities through attracting capital and creating infrastructure and recreational facilities. Also, the development of tourism activities in the Aras Free Zone has had a positive impact on the economy of the region, with the greatest impact on job creation, attracting domestic and foreign capital, increasing tax revenues from the economic activities related to tourism, increasing foreign exchange earnings, respectively the coefficients were 0.74, 0.71, 0.63 and 0.57. On the other hand, the development of tourism activities in the region has not been able to have a significant impact on reducing inequality of income and increasing the welfare of households.

Today, big cities in the developing countries are growing very fast. These areas swallow all the facilities, services and the capital of the country. However, they tackle with different types of urban problems such as housing shortage, increasing the unemployment rate, the issue of marginalization, transport problem and failure in the supply of other urban services, as well as Environmental degradation. On the other side, other parts of the country, including central cities, towns and rural areas are lagging the development and are facing stagnation and stop in their progression.
The overall goal of this research is to determine the effect of Bonab City, a city located in East Azerbaijan Province of Iran, in the process of the development of the surrounding settlements (area) and evaluation of its performance in the economic and demographic fields. The type of the research is applied research and the required data has been collected from the results of the last official census of Population and Housing in 2011. The research uses descriptive-analytic method which has been performed by using location coefficient models, Elasticity methods, longitudinal graphical approach of Izard, method of George Charbo and Tony Garnier.
The results show that Bonab is self-sufficient in the agriculture and services sections. The actual employment rate is %93.44 and the dominant role of the city is a multi-role city. According to the Izard model, the industry and services sections have relatively favorable situation. Therefore, reaching to a superior position in the national and regional level requires the compiling and executing strategic plans and special attention of the country mega-scale decision making authorities to the unique and hidden capacities of Bonab city.

The object of the regional planning is optimum use of resource for the development of regions. One of the most important items in regional development is the recognition of spatial and economical structure of the region. Middle sized cities, have the secondary role in the study of economical structure of the regions. Global experiments demonstrate that lack of attention to the role of secondary cities, synchronized with the accelerated trend of the phenomenon of urbanization will lead to the country's polarization and the emergence of great un-equilibrium in the organization of the country. The results of this research indicate that the city of Boroujerd with industrial, agricultural and service roles has had many effects in the betterment of the regional economic condition. Boroujerd as a middle sized city in the region could effect in the economic growth of the region.

The Shanghai Cooperation Organization is a great security, economic organization in Asia which also covers some countries in Eurasia, giving it a specific significance from the geopolitical and strategic viewpoints. It is a newly established organization with a rapid evolutionary pace which has drawn the attention of the rival international organizations and renowned economic organizations. The present paper is an attempt to study the strategic roots and reasons for the formation and expansion of the geographical area of Shanghai Cooperation Organization as well as the implications of Iran’s membership in this organization for national security and interests of Iran with special emphasis on Iran’s strategic status in the Middle East.