جوانان

In contemporary time, commercial spaces are increasingly considered quasi-public spaces, acquiring cultural significance as a social ground for youth to shape their identity. As a result, youth emerge as a pivotal demographic influencing both public and quasi-public spaces, highlighting the imperative for city planners to prioritize the creation of engaging environments for this age group. The present study aims to explore the factors influencing the environmental preferences of contemporary commercial spaces from the youth perspective, with a specific focus on the Isfahan City Center Complex. Employing a descriptive-analytical method, the research adopts a qualitative approach and a case strategy research design. Data collection involves self-examination through semi-structured interviews with open-ended questions and purposive sampling. The interviews, conducted with 20 participants aged 20 to 30 who visited the Isfahan City Center Complex, sought to achieve theoretical saturation. Thematic analysis (TA) technique using Atlas ti.8 Software was applied to analyze the interview data. The findings underscore the influential role of physical-spatial, social-cultural, functional-activity, and individual dimensions in shaping environmental preferences through the youth's perspectives on the Isfahan City Center Complex.

Social networks and modern media challenge the traditional media by constantly generating identity policies and distributing a form of active autonomy, and force its level of influence and believers to reconsider. Meanwhile, the pulpit, as one of the most traditional and political communication networks in Iran, has also challenged by the growing dominance of social media. Due to the importance of this issue, the present study has conducted a comparative survey of young people and officials about the structures of unconvincing pulpits in Iran. Accordingly, by compiling a researcher-made questionnaire, the opinions of 420 young people in Tehran and 30 active pulpits in the mosques of this city about the impact of the five structural issues of market economy, politics, ethics, religious autonomy and society. Modernity has studied on the unconvincingness of the pulpits. The results show that the most important structure in the formation of the pulpit's dissatisfaction from point of view is the inappropriate performance of officials and from the pulpit's point of view, the most important structure for the formation of the pulpit's satiety is the problems of the modern world. Hence, it seems that the phenomenon of pulpit persuasion in Iran is one of the examples that has disrupted the dynamic and two-way relationship between public culture and official culture.

This scientific study was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between religiosity and the attitude of young people towards the social status of the elderly in Mashhad. The research is survey type and the technique used is questionnaire. The validity of the form and content of the tool has been approved by experts, and the reliability and generalizability of the results have been checked and confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The statistical population of young people aged 18 to 35 has been selected. The sample size was 270 people using Cochran's formula and stratified random sampling was carried out. The research findings show; The religiosity index and all its dimensions and the attitude towards the social status of the elderly and all its dimensions have a higher average than the average, and the hypothesis test shows a significant and positive relationship between religiosity and the attitude of young people towards the social status of the elderly. In other words, the more developed the religiosity of young people is, the more positive their attitude is towards the social status of the elderly.

As a social capital, youths are the driving force of a country, and if they are properly planned and trained, they can act as an active force in raising the high goals of the society. But in some areas, including marginal areas, due to geographical conditions, lack of service, poverty, the prevalence of delinquency and addiction, etc., young people are exposed to all kinds of social harm. In the present study, by studying the background of the research and sources, we have extracted the dimensions of youth empowerment in Ali Ibn Abitaleb Neighbourhood (Arak City) by preparing a questionnaire. This research is descriptive-analytical and practical in terms of purpose. The sample size was determined according to the statistical population of this neighborhood using Cochran's formula. According to the census 2015, the population of the area was 37,249 people. First, questionnaires were distributed (online and manually) among young people, after completing the questionnaire, 200 people were selected according to the variance obtained from the initial sample. The data were analyzed using SPSS and AMOS software. The results indicate that the environmental factor has the highest factor load with a weight of 0.94. Also, the factor of personal context with a factor load of 0.84 is in the next order, which indicates the existence of a high context for empowerment programs among young people.

Due to decades of rural planning in the country, people in rural areas still face shortages and problems. In our country, at different times, they tried to improve the situation of the villages by using different development strategies, but for various reasons, including not paying attention to the role and importance of the human factor, they achieved less success. After the '70s, planners realized the importance of people attending programs. Since then, various issues have been raised for people's participation in development projects, one of which is the participation of young people in rural development projects. Youth participation means the process of involving them in determining their own destiny and feeling responsible for their future and that of society, as it is called as a goal and a means of development. In this regard the present study using quantitative (descriptive-analytical) method and distribution (92) of questionnaires among rural youth in Hugh and Shalmzar villages located in Hugh rural district of Savojbolagh city of Alborz province to investigate the impact of youth participation in different stages of the hadi 's project process Including; Participation in decision-making, participation in design (study), participation in implementation, participation in operation, participation in evaluation, participation in maintenance of the project after implementation, the results of which are obtained through statistical analysis and using t-test The obtained single group shows the desire of rural youth to participate in participatory activities and play a role in each stage of participation in the hadi 's project and witness the high impact of the success of the hadi 's project if young people participate in different stages of the project

The emergence of society at risk represents a stage in the development of modern society, in which the political, social, ecological and individual dangers that arise with the process of innovation constantly escape the protective and controlling institutions of the industrial society. Our country has always been exposed to many different dangers. In this study, we seek to study the factors affecting the perception and understanding of the risk among younger generation in Tehran. The statistical population of this research includes all young people in Tehran. The research method of this paper is quantitative method with survey technique and questionnaire tool. The sample size was 384 people. Findings of the research show that the most important risks from the perspective of young people are political-economic risks, then health-environmental, security-security and, finally, socio-cultural risks. The correlation test shows that between the trust in the future and all the components of risk, the variable of lifestyle and the components of the risk of political-economic, industrial-technological and socio-cultural risks, the variable of knowledge with the political-economic, health-environmental components And socio-cultural and variables of religiosity with political-economic, security-law, industrial-technological and socio-cultural risks. the results of regression analysis show that 38% of the changes in the dependent variable of risk can be explained by independent variables. Regression coefficients show that the confidence variable in the future has the greatest impact on the risk variable. After that, the knowledge variable, then the risky life style, and, the religiosity variable, have the most impact on the risk.

With the development of technology, time has become more limited to the presence of urban spaces and the experience of spaces and visual relations. This means that in the process of fitting the urban environment it is necessary to create spaces in which that, meanwhile in accordance with the needs of today, fit beyond the obvious qualities of space. In these spaces, we must try to close ties and encourage them to become more and more in the presence of communal spaces.The purpose of this research is to identify the needs and expectations of young people from urban space in general and temporary scenes in particular. In this research, based on the nature of the subject, qualitative research method has been used and it has been analyzed by grounded theory. The data collection tool was based on a standard open interview with 44 young people in Mashhad and analyzed by standard open source coding method. The results show that in order to be more youthful and considering the effect of causal conditions, one should focus on three main categories of participation, respect for youth and creativity in design. This is achieved through strategies such as national-artistic-religious events, the creation of special youth institutions, the creation of multipurpose temporary uses and the preservation of native and traditional events using nostalgic elements. Eventually, these strategies result in the presence of young people in the city, the development of temporary multi-purpose spaces, the formation of a new style of space in the form of temporary landscape scenes.

In today's urbanization, the city's urban form faces some important issues. In this regard, the lack of attention to the qualitative aspects of the city, the characteristics of traditional urban planning, the role of signs and the lack of appropriate approach to rapid urban expansion and change in the structure of the city's entrance is significant. The purpose of this study is to investigate the components of urban signs on how to develop social identity of youth in Shiraz. The main question of this research is how urban signs affect the formation of social identity in young people. The method of this research is survey and in terms of purpose is practical and method of collecting information is Field picking and library research. The present article tries to identify the factors affecting the formation of urban symbols, to map the correlation between this important and the social identity factor of youth in an analytical model. While confirming the hypotheses of this research, the results also indicate that the physical and social elements of urban signs include perceptual and spatial factors (as independent variables) has a direct impact on the following factors of social identity of youth religious include identity, family identity, Job identity (as dependent variables). Therefore, it can be said that perceptual characteristics and functional characteristics Influencing Urban Symbols can enhance the social identity of youth.

Why migration of rural youth to cities - in spite of the significant progress that has been made in the past two decades in the country- continues? In the study records, many aspects of immigration have been mentioned, two aspects of which are new and can be considered in the current context: forecasting and prescribing service requirements for the village's future based on simple and past stereotypical patterns of development and disregarding the role of citizen's participation in the process of rural development. In this article, the needs of young people of Khoy city for future of rural areas according to the new models of servicing and development ,multiple experiences , different residential settings in three phases of livelihood, residence and lifestyle , classified areas of the city, suburbs, Rural centers and remote villages have been identified . The goal is to provide a methodological solution for the identification of rural youth mentality and their settlement preferences, and thereby preventing the increasing trend of immigration.The method of this study is qualitative and its purpose is applied. 87 structured interviews with rural youth aged 18-39 were targeted. The results show that the personal future of Khoy young people is in line with the multidimensional and diverse demands: the diversity of employment, residence and lifestyle, including work in factories and offices with fixed salary, having second job and mostly service works, and frequent traffic to the city center, proximity and neighborhoods, large houses and gardens, self-livelihoods, and social engagement and friendship. At the same time, the countless and far more complex demands of young people in distant rural areas were far worse than others.

The purpose of this study was to see prosaically behaviors and affecting the five factors of personality on youth''s prosaically behaviors in Isfahan. For، 520 young males and females living in Esfahan were selected through Probability proportional to size cluster sampling method. The data was collected through NEO-FFI and Prosaically Tendencies Measure Revised. Data was analyzed by factor analysis، regression and structural equation modeling. The results showed that youth''s prosaically behaviors was more than average (M= 80. 6). They got the highest score on the subscale of anonymous prosaically behaviors (M= 23. 6) and emotional prosaically behaviors (M= 21. 5). However، they got the lowest score on the subscale of public prosaically behaviors (M= 6. 7). In addition، the results of structural equation modeling showed that affecting extraversion، openness، conscientiousness and agreeableness of personality on prosaically behaviors was positive and significant (P<0. 01).

Entrepreneur is a person of very high aptitude who pioneers change, possessing characteristics found in only a very small fraction of the population. On the other extreme of definitions, anyone who wants to work for him or herself is considered to be an entrepreneur. The word Entrepreneur originates from the French word, entreprendre which means "to undertake." In a business context, it means to start a business. The Merriam-Webster Dictionary presents the definition of an entrepreneur as one who organizes, manages, and assumes the risks of a business or enterprise. According to the field experts, entrepreneurship is the engine of development and its further advancement is one of the possible strategies to solve the rural areas challenges, guarantee the variety of rural economy, and optimal use of rural resources. Development of small and micro businesses can transform the local economy. Tourism emerged as the largest global industry of the 20th century and is projected to grow even faster in the 21st century. Tourism as a fast growing and largest global industries is definitely a proper ground for rural entrepreneurship development. Year by the year, variety of products and increasing destinations are among important reasons for its high demand. In this research, we study rural entrepreneurship development as well as its feasibility from the tourism viewpoint. Tourism SMEs are also significant for their economic development potential. This may apply inseveral ways. First, a flourishing visitor economy or circumstances where entrepreneurs sense thatvisitors will be attracted to an area - creates opportunities for new enterprise creation. In the context of alternative tourism, this is important because in some, perhaps notably rural, localities there is littleprospect of alternative forms of investment. Though individually such businesses employ few people,collectively the employment generated by businesses reliant on visitor spend can be highly significant.Further, the development of independent businesses can mean that much of the revenue generated byvisitors stays in the locality. This is an applied research which is done according to analytic – comparative survey methods and the related data are collected from both documents (to provide theoretical and background information) and also field survey methods like questionnaire, interview and observation.Study population is the youth (15-29 years) of Eskndan and Kandovan villages. The numbers of study samples are 123 people that Cochran's formula is derived. Questionnaires for assessing the reliability of Cronbach's alpha (reliability equal to 85 percent of them) and to assess the validity of the opinions of experts, scholars and professors have been used. Study areas are Kandovan and Eskndan village in Osku city of East Azarbaijan province. To evaluate the indicators for entrepreneurship, Characteristics of entrepreneurship were compared among youth in Kandovan village as a tourism destination and Eskndan (nontouristic village) both located in the same rural district with the same conditions. Kandovan as one of the Iranian Touristic villages located at altitudes over 2,200 meters on the northern slopes of Sahand Mount in Azerbaijani. Kandovan is one of the three rock villages. Since the environment has an important role in the formation characteristics and entrepreneurial spirit. The characteristics and entrepreneurial spirit were compared among young people in two villages. The amount of risk taking among young people in two villages were compared with 8 items, the results show that risk taking among kandovans youth is higher than Eskandans youth. The second Studied feature was the creativity and innovation, and the result shows that significant differences between the youth of two villages and the average among KANDOVAN youth is higher than others. We can say that the various and new demands of tourists has increased motivation, creativity and innovation among KANDOVAN youth. Entrepreneurs owe their success to their abilities and not know the fate and destiny. To assess the impact of tourism on the confidence of youth, was used of the five items. The results show that the confidence of KANDOVAN young people is higher than Eskandan youth. This is due to the presence of tourists from different countries and regions and cultural interactions with different people in rural areas and increased communication with the outside world and increase awareness of rural youth. With four items were compared uncertainty among young people in two villages. The results showed significant differences in three itenms between young people in two villages and the mean value of the items are also among the kandovan youth is higher than Eskandan youth. The last entrepreneural charactristic was Internal Iocus of control or non fatalism. The result of the research shows there arent significant differences between two village's young people in Fatalism. We can say that tourism has no effect on reducing youth Fatalism. The main reason can be the beliefs and traditions of the villagers that are not easily changeable. Because Villagers strongly believe the fate. Tourism makes to the rural environment to stimulate entrepreneurial and dynamic economic environment. The rural environment becomes a motivating and stimulating environment for entrepreneurship. Tourism draws attention to the local authorities and various organizations to create and develop the infrastructure of the village. The new facilities and technologies such as hotels, parking, emergency facilities, IT and ICT in rural areas are crated. Financial institutions, banks and private investors due to a rapid return on investment and the possibility of high profits, are simply willing to invest in such villages. Or grants and loans to rural residents in these villages. Public awareness of villagers, especially young peoples will be promoted to cultural interaction with tourism. According to the results, unique texture, great position and magnificent tourism attractions have provided a great potential for Kandovan village to exploit tourism and entrepreneurial opportunities as much as possible. On the other hand, the results revealed that there is a significant entrepreneurial difference between Kandovan youths, as a tourism destination, and other similar rural regions like Eskandan. In fact, entrepreneurial characteristics observed in Kandovan's young peoples are more noticeable, compared to other villages.

Value is defined as a thing that attracts the attention of society and is the basic motivation of activity and social trends. Internalized values conduct the individual in social orientations and help him to recognize where, when and how to behave. The aim of this study is to understand rural youngster's most important social values.The main methods in this study were ‘documentary’ and ‘survey’. The data collected was carried out through interview with 545 rural youths who were selected by employing multiple stage sampling method. The data shows that %65/8 rural youths are universalists. 83.3% of the interviewees state that the gender of their children does not make any difference to them. %55/7 of the interviewees have very low interests for living in rural areas. Since 34.6% of respondents categorize themselves as lower class, there is a significant difference between their class self-concept and their ideal class; 75% believe there is a low justice in society. 92.8% of rural people emphasize their nationality as being Iranians. They have little trust in their friends. The motivation for advancement among the youths is higher than average. Their satisfaction with life, their educational level, their climatic conditions and their exposure to mass media directly affect their social values. The data also show their age, gender, marital status, economical situation, their connection to urban areas and the potential availability of urban facilities could indirectly affect their social values.

One of the most important aspects of human life that has gained special value and attention in human societies is leisure time. So, there should be a systematic and principled planning for the youth that are the fundamental and primary capitals in each society. Regarding the significance of leisure and its potentially cultural and social advantages to the youth, especially young students, the present research has been conducted to study leisure time comparatively among boy and girl students at high school level in Somaesara. Since the research is conducted to study the present situation, the method used is descriptive-analytic through field study. The subjects of study are boy and girl students at high school level in 88-89 educational year. Data collection is done through researcher-made questionnaire. Based on random sampling, 360students are selected according to Morgan table. To analyze the data and explore the results, hypothesis testing is employed through inferential-descriptive statistics by the help of SPSS and EXCEL softwares. Based on the results reached, there is a significant difference among boy and girl students in their leisure time. This difference gets highlighted in summer. Similarly, the dire shortage of leisure facilities in Somaesara proven by the students’ needs and desires indicates that there is a no relation between the needs and leisure time creation. One hypothesis is proven with significance level of 0.05.