حکمروایی هوشمند

Smart city as an approach that has paid attention to all aspects of human life and it can be boldly said that it has brought together all the effective ideas and approaches in solving the problems of urban life, in fact it can be said that smart city is a new concept in the program. Rezi is a city that requires infrastructure changes in the three categories of information and communication technology, management and policymaking, and human resources for its implementation.In the smart city model, various technologies are combined and used to improve the lives of citizens. Therefore, the smart city is not a reality, but a strategy in the process of urban planning and management, in fact, what moves a city towards smartness is not only the use of electronic tools and communication systems of that city; Rather, it is the way of planning and using this tool to improve the quality of life of the citizens of a city. Therefore, this model as an alternative solution for solving urban problems should be given special attention by managers and planners. Therefore, the aim of the current research is to investigate the impact of smart factors on urban management in the municipality of Mashhad region. According to the listed theories and approaches, 3 types of processes in the smartening of cities can be proposed. One type of process is a top-down process that is technology-oriented and tries to operate by using the capabilities of information and communication technology and by defining projects in order to manage more efficiently and increase productivity. In the bottom-up process, the emphasis on citizens' participation and a type of digital democracy and digital education of citizens and the use of social media reached the smart city, and the third type of process is a combination of the above two types of processes.

The current research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method, and its data was collected with the help of a questionnaire. The statistical population includes all the residents of a region of Mashhad municipality, and according to the population of 201373 people, the number of 384 people was obtained as a statistical sample using Cochran's formula. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was also used to obtain the reliability of the questionnaire.
District 1 of Mashhad Municipality has 12 customary and registered neighborhoods, according to the latest census data in Mashhad's neighborhood atlas project, the total population of District 1 is 201,373 people, of which 98,789 are men and 102,584 are women.

The results related to the "smart economy" variable have the highest average of "the spread and penetration of the Internet among families" and equal to 3.282. The lowest average is related to "strategic program for the expansion of Internet businesses and its development in the virtual space" and is equal to 2.384. In the study of "Intelligent Dynamics", the highest average is related to "the level of penetration of the use of information and communication technologies among citizens" and is equal to 3.775. The lowest average is related to "internet bandwidth and coverage" and is equal to 3.308. In the study of "smart environment", the highest average is related to "possibility of identifying and benefiting from the cultural topics of Mashhad city through virtual space" and is equal to 3.063. The lowest average is related to "the role of information and communication in expanding public security of citizens" and equals 2.480. In the "smart governance" variable, the highest mean is related to "the role of information and communication technology and applications in the improvement and efficiency of administrative services to citizens" and is equal to 3.264. The lowest average is related to "the level of effort and effort of city officials and managers in expanding and developing the comprehensive processes of communication and information" and is equal to 3.102. In the questions of the questionnaire related to the "smart domain" variable, the highest mean is related to "the role of education and especially the Shad network in the penetration and expansion of virtual education and the familiarity of families with virtual space" and is equal to 3.869. The lowest average is related to "the role of technological and knowledge-based companies in the expansion of infrastructure and applications and its training" and is equal to 3.170.

Based on the opinions of citizens, the findings show that smartness in the dimension of smart economy with a coefficient of 0.400, in the dimension of dynamism with a coefficient of 0.337, in the dimension of smart environment with a coefficient of 0.729, in the dimension of smart governance with a coefficient of 0.533 and in the dimension of smart territory with a coefficient of 0.745, they had an impact on the performance of urban management and it has a positive and significant relationship with these dimensions. Finally, it was found that the smart territory index had a greater impact on the urban management performance of this region than other smartness indicators.

Due to the many problems caused by urban growth on the one hand; And the dominance of the paradigm of improving the quality of life, as well as the remarkable advances in information and communication technology and its remarkable capabilities, smart cities today are considered as an effective strategy to solve the problems and challenges of rapid urbanization.The city of Ahvaz has also experienced rapid urbanization in recent years; It faces many problems. But the problem is, this metropolis is not smart now, and it is just the beginning; So the question is what is the situation of the components of the realization of the smart city in the current situation of Ahvaz? Therefore, this study seeks to assess the status of key components of smart city realization and ranking of these components in the metropolis of Ahvaz. This article is considered among applied-developmental researches. It is question-oriented and has been done in a document-library and survey form;, which has been used in assessing the status of components, executive experts working in institutions and organizations in Ahvaz involved in the process of smartening the city. The data collection tool is a researcher-made electronic questionnaire based on a five-point Likert scale; In order to analyze the data, statistical tests of mean, one-sample t-test and Friedman ranking were used using SPSS software. The statistical sample of this study is 380 samples that were selected by snowball sampling and supervised network. Based on the research findings, the situation of the key components of the realization of a smart city in the metropolis of Ahvaz, with the exception of smart people, was assessed as unfavorable. At the same time, the smart environment and then smart governance are in the lowest state

Sustainable smart city as the result of two concepts of smart city and sustainable urban development is the dominant approach in urban management of the third millennium. Considering the importance of the topic in this article, an effort has been made to provide a model for a smart city based on sustainable urban development in the country. This research is based on interpretative paradigm. Also, in terms of the purpose of this research, it is an applied-developmental research, and from the point of view of the method of data collection, it is a descriptive research with survey-cross-sectional method. The statistical population of the research includes academic experts as well as executive managers of urban management and planning, urban geography, communication and information technology. Sampling was done by targeted method and theoretical saturation was achieved with 10 people. The underlying categories of the sustainable smart city model were identified by the qualitative analysis method, and the relationships between the underlying categories of the sustainable smart city model were determined by the structural-interpretive method. Thematic qualitative analysis was performed using MaxQDA 20 software and structural-interpretive modeling calculations were performed with MicMac software. The findings of the research showed that smart urban infrastructure and smart governance are the two basic elements of the model that have the greatest impact in creating a smart city based on sustainable development. In the same way, the amount of influence on the next levels is reduced and the variables of the same level, that is, have mutual interaction with each other. These factors contribute to the smart economy and smart environment by influencing the smartness of transportation and smart business based on technology. In the future, sustainable urban development can be achieved through smart structures and smart modems, and finally, this sustainable urban development can lead to the smartening of the city.It is suggested to the relevant managers to achieve the goals of the smart metropolis by creating an unbreakable link between ecology, economy and social security and reducing environmental and ecological problems. One of the important and influential factors in the formation of a smart city is increasing productivity and employment and fair distribution of services among the public. This important causes the satisfaction of the citizens. Also, citizens with awareness and satisfaction help in optimizing the consumption of electricity, water and energy. Another influential pillar in the smart city is the smartness in hospitals and healthcare in general, which prevents problems related to human health.

According to the chaos theory, there is a pattern of order within disorder and chaos. The city also acts as a complex and chaotic system that will try to achieve a new order with the arrival of disorder. "Covid-19 phenomenon" can also be considered as a chaos, disorder and shock on human civilization and creating an alien and unfamiliar situation in cities. In order to deal with this new and unusual virus, the conventional and existing methods of governance and management in our cities will not work, and a new urban order (smart governance) and new and targeted methods of management and governance should be examined and selected. The existing chaos and disorder should be moved towards self-order, self-organization, sustainable and reasonable development and excellence in the future. In the present study, to examine and identify the indicators and sub-indicators involved in the new urban order or smart urban governance and prioritize their role in reducing the harmful effects of Corona and its impact on progress, sustainable development and excellence in the city of Semnan with a confirmatory factor analysis model and SEM modeling is done with AMOS. It is also possible to turn "smart citizens" into a big opportunity in the post-corona era, along with smart urban infrastructure. After identifying and prioritizing the indicators and sub-indicators involved in this new urban order, a sample of 22 people including elites and experts in various fields of urban planning and smart city, urban planning and urban management was selected. A number of 38 questionnaires were also distributed among the residents of Semnan in order to confirm the validity and reliability of the questionnaire. Then, based on the sample size, the main questionnaire was delivered to 721 people. After analyzing the questionnaires, the smart governance variables were examined and prioritized using exploratory factor analysis in statistical software. Then, the extracted components were named and in the next step, the structural validity of the research was tested using confirmatory factor analysis in AMOS. The statistical relationship between the variables and its indicators was confirmed. In the final model of the research, using model fit tests, the relationships between variables and the influence of independent and dependent variables were confirmed. Based on the results, "smart citizens and smart infrastructure" will be the most important and influential variable of smart governance in Semnan city. The next positions will be for smart economy, smart life, smart mobility and smart environment, respectively. The findings indicate that the importance of the smart citizen index with 32.239% of explained variance is more significant than other factors. "Smart Citizens of Semnan" will be the first factor to achieving smart governance in Semnan. Making citizens smarter requires education, infrastructure and targeted planning. To achieve intelligent governance, people must be educated. By raising awareness, building culture, and creating infrastructures and encouraging citizens to use services and know modern technologies, it will cause sustainable and reasonable development and excellence of the city.