زباله شهری

Today, burying waste is the most common method in many countries due to its lower cost and the existence of a wider spectrum of waste. In the location of the waste burial site, . For this purpose, several multi-criteria decision making methods are used in prioritizing suitable places. In the research, 10 important factors were used to locate the waste disposal site, which are: land use, slope of the area, altitude of the area, geology of the area, distance from roads, distance from rivers, distance from springs, distance from wells, distance from villages. and distance from faults. ANP model was used to prepare the final zoning map. In the first stage, the criteria were prepared and converted into GIS format. Then it was converted to raster format and fuzzification was done. According to the results obtained, the weight of land use criteria, the slope of the area, the height of the area, the geology of the area, the distance from roads, the distance from rivers, the distance from springs, the distance from wells, the distance from villages and the distance from faults for the study area is 0.167. 0.087, 0.036, 0.028, 0.138, 0.064, 0.068, 0.047, 0.120, 0.243 were obtained. Therefore, the criterion of the distance from the faults has the highest weight and the geological criterion has the least influence in locating waste burial areas according to experts. The obtained map was classified in 5 different classes. By examining the overlapping criteria map, it was observed that suitable areas for landfilling are located near rivers and springs and residential and rural areas. By examining the final zoning map, it has been observed that the most suitable areas for landfilling are located in the westernmost part of the study area, with a focus on Agha Seyed Sharif road.

Duo to the increasing rate of urban population and the production of a great amount of urban waste at once in recent decades, the management of how to dispose them is necessary. The lack of proper national policy for the management of solid waste management (SWM) has caused environmental damages in Iran. Waste management and selection of the appropriate landfill are processes that require knowledge of a large of number parameters and requirements. The purpose of this study was to locate suitable landfills for solid waste in Miyan Rahan city of Kermanshah province, based on natural and human criteria and other criteria. To achieve this aim, 8 natural and human standards and criteria, including slope, geology, fault, land-use layers, well dispersions depth of groundwater, distance from Urban and rural settlements centers, and distance from the road, were used. After preparing and standardizing the layers and using the Fuzzy logic model and operator modeling (AND), the zoning of appropriate landfill place has been proceeded. The result shows that 98% of the area is completely inappropriate, and most of the area is suitable and fully suitable about 2% of the area is located in the east and south-eastern part of the Dinavar District on the Sonqor-Kermanshah road.

One of the the most important causes of Non-Revenue water is waste of water reduction. The factors, damaged consumers meters or lack of precision meters due to the presence of sediment resulting from chemical changes. Of the reasons for these changes can pointed to penetration the garbage leachate to water resources. Sediment or corrosive features water distribution network (the quality of the chemical) would be on the amount of waste-water supply network will be more effective. Rostam abad town landfill is in the Western town of drinking water sources and above of underground water resources. In this study, the process route of chemical quality parameters for Rostamabad in the past five years, was analyzed, the potential of corrosive and sediment of water according to the Langelier & Ryznar index was calculated. The changes of chemical parameters, respectively, of the total hardness and calcium, total Alkalinity, electrical conductivity, pH, sulfate and chloride origin years (1390-91) and the target years (1394-95) is compared. Due to the increase of qualitative parameters, in spite of that it seems that their impact is laid waste leachate, but still within the scope of the national standard and the WHO (World Health Organization). Study of corrosion and sedimentation of index values indicate that the water is a little balanced in terms of chemical quality and has low precipitation and weak. The impact of quality changes is increasing and must be taken seriously.

In this research, urban and hospital solid waste management in Semnan was inverstigated. In order to determe the amount of solid waste production, we used the data of municipality of Semnan. This data has been extracted from weighting the solid wastes in the disposal site. For clarifying the type of household solid wastes we used The cluster sampling method and received the information from the households. The samples were evaluated and analyzed physically. The results show that 16.23 % of wastes couldnt be converted to the compost. This situation is varied by the changing of the season. For example, in winter this parameter in Semnan, sorkheh, Mehdi Shahr and Shahmirzad are respectively 2.6, 25.3, 22.5 and 24.7 percent. In summer the amount of waste is increasing. The percent of these wastes in summer is are 30.9% (Semnan) 26.8% (Sorkheh), 28.8% (Mehdi Shahr) and 33% (Shahmirzad) being distributed among imperishable wastes, woods and masonary wastes. But metal wastes have the minor portion of it. The total wastes in Semnan. Sorkheh, Shahmirzad and MehdiS hahr are 75, 8, 7 and 12 tons/day respectively.The total hospital waste in Semnan is about 760 to 850 kg/day that is disposed by two incinerators. Regarding the daily investigations, about 80 kg/day of daily hospital wastes are transferred to the urban disposal site landfill and are mixed with other types of wastes.

One of the most common and important methods for the regulation, presentation and analysis of scientific findings is the use of statistics science. In the science of geography, the use of quantitative statistics and data is considered necessary. It is also evident in various geography disciplines, including urban geography. The purpose of this study was to visualize facts within the data and analyze them on the basis of statistical information. In order to carry out this task, it was attempted to establish a relationship among population, urban utilities and their waste production in SPSS software using statistical analyses. In this regard, two methods of Inter Regression Analysis and Stepwise Regression Analysis were used. The results of the analyzed data showed that the population and urban utilizations in Tehran justify the garbage produced in different regions in terms of volume, size and shape.