سلامت روان

AbstractCurrently, the elderly population is increasing worldwide, and it is necessary to pay attention to the needs of this group of society. One of the basic needs of the elderly is access to public spaces, which has a significant impact on their physical and mental health. For this purpose, the current research was carried out to measure the relationship between access to urban public spaces and the general health (physical and mental) of the elderly at the neighborhood level in Region 4 of Rasht city. This research is applied in terms of purpose, descriptive-analytical in terms of method, and documentary and survey-based in terms of data collection methods. The statistical population of the research comprised elderly residents in Region 4 of Rasht Municipality. The sample size was estimated to be 400 people using the Cochran formula. To assess the mental health of the elderly, the GHQ-28 questionnaire was used, and to evaluate the access to public spaces of urban, a researcher-made questionnaire was employed. its validity was confirmed through content validity, and its reliability was obtained as 0/79 using Cronbach's alpha method. Also, the data were analyzed using descriptive statistics such as an index of tendency to the center (standard deviation and mean), and statistical tests such as Pearson correlation and multivariate regression. The research findings showed that there is the significant and inverse correlation (r= -0/657) between mental health variables with access to public spaces.

The growth of urbanization is associated with the increase of mental disorders, and one of the neglected issues in most of the programs and projects related to the environment is the discussion of aesthetics, and the focus of attention is focused on quantitative issues and factors, especially economic factors. The problem of this research is to examine the mental health of residents of residential complexes with the presupposition of the role of aesthetics. This research was done with the aim of improving the mental health of the residents, considering the role of aesthetic components. Explaining the components and standards of mental health and aesthetics and how to realize it in the research sample (Talar Gorgan town) are the questions of the research. Explaining the components and standards of mental health and aesthetics and how to realize it in the research sample (Talar Gorgan town) are the questions of the research. Field research was conducted through random sampling in a statistical sample (301 people) and using a Likert scale questionnaire, approved in spss software. The results of the studies are presented using descriptive tests, mean, one-sample t-test, correlation, regression and path analysis in spss software. The findings show that there is a significant negative relationship and correlation between the two variables of aesthetics and mental health, and only two variables of gender and length of stay have a direct and negative effect on the variable of mental health. The research results and architectural solutions to improve the mental health of the residents have been presented with regard to perception.

In recent decades, mental health is one of the basic factors in the lives of citizens in developed countries. Paying attention to the fact that a large part of citizens' time is spent in urban spaces, it is important to pay attention to the physical components that lead to improving the mental health of citizens. The aim of this research is to investigate the effect of physical components on the components of improving the mental health of citizens in the urban spaces of Tabriz. This study was conducted in terms of practical purpose and correlation method. First, research components were extracted in two categories: mental health components and physical components of urban spaces based on scientific principles, and then a questionnaire was designed to evaluate the effect of physical components on mental health. In this article, the statistical population is the citizens of Tabriz city, who use the two urban spaces of Ainali and El-Goli as the most important collective spaces. according to Cochran's formula, the sample size was determined as 384 people, the questionnaires were analyzed using Spearmon's correlation coefficient test in SPSS software. The physical components include spatial diversity, space flexibility, environmental issues, climate comfort, environmental facilities, privacy, legibility and visual beauty, and mental health including a sense of peace, personal security, mental images. Providing needs, happiness, sense of belonging and social interactions. The highest correlation belongs to the component of spatial diversity with the component of providing needs (0.478) and the lowest correlation to the component of climate comfort with the component of personal security (0.104). According to the findings of this article, the correlation between more than 90% of the physical and mental components is strong or moderate, and this result shows that the physical components have a high impact on the mental health of citizens.

Today, public spaces in cities are more than ever the scene of the presence and manifestation of the collective and daily life of citizens, for this reason these spaces play a significant role in the mental health of citizens. The main purpose of this article is to investigate the role of public spaces in the mental health of citizens of Region 2 of Kermanshah Municipality. This article is based on the purpose of applied research and based on the nature of a descriptive and analytical research. Library method and questionnaire tool were used to collect data. For this purpose, 384 citizens of the 2nd region of Kermanshah were selected as a statistical population using Cochran's formula, and questionnaires were distributed among them by a simple random method and information was collected. The results of the research showed that women's mental health in public spaces is at a higher level than men's, but there is no significant difference in mental health between single and married people, but there is a significant difference in mental health between owners and tenants. and people who own their own residential houses have better mental health than renters. Also, the results of examining the indicators of public spaces and the level of mental health using the Pearson correlation test indicate that the correlation between urban public spaces and the mental health of citizens is at a significant level of 0.001, the correlation coefficient is equal to 0.183, which indicates that the relationship There is a strong relationship between the components of public spaces and the level of mental health of citizens

The quality of urban environments and mental health interact with each other, and the quality of urban environments affects people's mental health. Considering that one of the important dimensions of the quality of urban environments is the physical-physical dimension.. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to measure the physical-physical quality of the urban environment with an emphasis on the mental health of citizens, which was carried out on a case-by-case basis in Region 3 of Ardabil city. Is. The upcoming research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in nature. In order to measure the physical-physical quality of the studied neighborhoods, 5 indicators (accessibility, beauty and visual order, functional attractiveness, physical form and facilities of the residential unit) were used. The validity of the research was obtained by using face validity, and the reliability of the questionnaire was obtained using Cronbach's alpha of 0.830. Then, based on simple stratified random sampling, 480 people were questioned in order to analyze the data and prioritize the localities in terms of quality. Physical-Physical COPRAS multi-criteria decision making model was used in Excel environment. According to the findings of the research and the results of the COPRAS model, among the localities of the 3rd region of Ardabil city, Hafez has the best status and the first place with the highest score, followed by Rezvan, Azadi, Azadegan in the second to fourth position. are favorable and Malabashi and Melayoussef neighborhoods are in the most unfavorable situation and the last place with the lowest percentage. Due to the importance of the quality of urban environments in the mental health of citizens, more and more detailed planning is felt in order to improve the physical-physical condition of the neighborhoods and then improve the level of mental health of citizens.

The alarming and increasing trend of factors threatening the health of citizens; City and health planners propose a relatively new term called health planning, in which they seek to connect the urban environment and landscape with the physical and mental health of city dwellers and make their decisions regarding some basic issues such as health. strengthen urban ecology, social welfare and improve the quality of human life. The purpose of the current research is to investigate the state of the environment and the urban landscape and its relationship with the mental health of the citizens of Paveh. The research is of applied type and in terms of descriptive analytical method. The statistical population is the citizens of Paveh city 380 people were selected as a statistical sample using Cochran's formula. In order to collect information a questionnaire containing questions about the About the environment and urban landscape and mental health of citizens has been used. To analyze the questionnaire, t-test, Friedman, Pearson correlation coefficient were used. The results show that in the indicators of environment, security, communication and transportation network, housing, commercial and cultural, design and furniture, people's participation and education; The average is average and slightly higher than the average value of 3 But in the economic index, the average is lower than the average and the situation is not good. The results of the Friedman test showed that the indicators have different importance and the environmental index was the most important. Also, the results of Pearson's correlation coefficient between the examined components related to the environment and urban landscape and mental health of citizens showed that there is a significant relationship between them. Examining the degree of correlation also shows that this relationship is direct.

Review Nowadays, marginal health in tehran, Mashhad, Tabriz and Kermanshah are one of the most important management challenges in the country. The aim of this study was to evaluate and measure the mental health of women living in the city in two marginal areas and the main text of the city and the impact of marginalization on them. The type of applied research and the method used descriptive-analytical and for data collection, library and field methods (questionnaires) have been used. The statistical comprehensive of this study is women living in the city that based on Cochran's formula, 384 questionnaires were distributed in Tehran, Mashhad, Tabriz and Kermanshah randomly in two marginal regions and the main text of the city. In addition to descriptive and inferential tests, logit model has been used to analyze the effect of marginalization on women's mental health. The findings showed that mental health status in the main text of the city is higher than the margins of the city. The average of the main text of the city from the perspective of urban women is 2.79 and for urban margins is 2.22. Also, the results of logit model showed that with increasing marginalization of mental health of women in the first situation (disease) increases by 35%, but in border condition this variable is effective and the amount of this variable in normal mental health is 0.29%, which indicates that if the person is in normal mental health condition. The effect of marginalization

Following the outbreak of Covid-19 disease in late 2019 and the adoption of policies such as home quarantine, telecommuting, home-based education and other similar measures, concerns was raised about the negative consequences of these measures on the society mental health. Therefore, the present study seeks to analyze the role of environmental quality in urban areas in maintaining the citizens’ mental health during the Covid-19 epidemic. The research method is analytical-interpretive and based on documentary studies and field survey. In the first step, the main environmental variables at the neighborhood scale were extracted from valid articles to be used to compile a questionnaire. The Dass-21 standard questionnaire was also used to assess the mental health of individuals. The statistical population includes citizens of Kermanshah, and 200 people were randomly selected as a sample. The validity of the environmental quality questionnaire has been confirmed by receiving the opinion of urban planning experts and its reliability has been confirmed with Cronbach's alpha test. Then, the data obtained from the questionnaires were entered into SPSS software and evaluated using exploratory factor analysis and focal correlation analysis. Findings show that the environmental quality categories into 5 factors: "Functional Structure", "Environmental Comfort", "Quality of Urban Space", "Visual Image" and "Social scape". Also, the output of the focal correlation analysis confirms the existence of a correlation between environmental factors and mental health. According to the findings, during the Covid-19 epidemic, the two factors "Functional Structure" and "Visual Image" had the most relationship with the society mental health. This research is particularly important because the repetition of risks similar to future Covid-19 epidemics is not unexpected. At the same time, in Iran, not much research has been done, especially with a quantitative nature and based on valid statistical models.

Inadequate conditions of urban public spaces affect the physical and mental dimensions of children and adolescents. Urban and residential insecurity, isolation, depression and social disruption in urban areas are chronic urban and environmental factors. Designing open public spaces and urban neighborhoods in accordance with the comfort and mental and physical health of citizens is one of the goals of sustainable urban design that has expanded in recent years, especially in developed countries, and providing design guidelines and criteria for mental comfort and The happiness, health and safety of citizens have been the result of such an approach.The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of urban public spaces on the mental health of children and adolescents. The method of the present study was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlational in terms of research method. The instrument of the present study was the 28-item Child Health Questionnaire.For data analysis, SPSS 23 software and structural equation model (AMOS) were used. The results of regression analysis showed that urban spaces affect the psychosocial health of children. The relationship between urban spaces and social, behavioral and emotional limitations is -0.48, the relationship between urban spaces and self-esteem is 0.71, the relationship between urban spaces and mental health is 0.63 and the relationship between urban spaces and problems with family is -0.54.

The prevalence of chronic health problems is increasing, both in terms of physical health and mental health in modern societies. Meanwhile, the health of individuals in society as human capital is important in advancing the goals of thematic communities. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of physical-environmental factors on the mental health of citizens. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical method. The statistical population of citizens living in Ardabil was estimated to be 384 using the Cochranchr(chr('39')39chr('39'))s formula. The field data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity was confirmed by formal validity and reliability using Cronbachchr(chr('39')39chr('39'))s alpha test and combined reliability. The results of this study showed that legibility and visual quality, access to urban green space, security of urban space, quality of urban furniture, mixing and variety of uses have a positive and significant effect on the mental health of citizens. Considering the value of the path coefficient obtained for the independent research variables, among the identified variables, the quality of urban green space with the path coefficient value of 0.44 had the highest path coefficient and had the greatest effect on the dependent variable, ie mental health of citizens. Also, the mixing variable and the variety of uses with a path coefficient value of 0.21 had the least effect on mental health.

One of the pillars of health assessment of various communities is the mental health of that community. Undoubtedly mental health plays an important role in ensuring the dynamics and efficiency of each community. With the formation of urban abandoned spaces, there is actually a kind of inner-city decline, which coincides with the growth of the city's expansion in marginal areas, the lack of attention to this issue can increase the more dispersed urban prevalence and increase the urban development process Unstable, and endangers the mental health of the community in learning and social interactions, and affects the performance and efficiency of individuals. The present research is a qualitative research method and the research method is descriptive-analytic. Regarding the subject, data collection has been conducted in two documentary and survey methods, in which the theoretical foundations, survey indicators and census data were collected in documentary and libraries, and in order to examine the indicators in Mashhad metropolitan area, the required data are collected from field surveying techniques including field surveys, interviews with citizens. An evaluation of the HIA method has been used. The results of the research show that HIA policy needs to be explained that, although the impact assessment is often Health is done at the project level, with more general policies such as employment, trade, education and policies Design's strategic location can be used to assess the effects of mental health. The goal of health impact assessment policies on the other hand is to prevent social harm and increase opportunities for improving health.

Various developmental proceedings of conducting guide plans have been considered as one of the main prerequisites for social welfare by providing a basis for comprehensive development and improvement of living conditions in the rural areas and promoting the mental health of villagers. Accordingly, the present research seeks to evaluate the effects of guide plans on the mental health status of villagers in the central part of Darab County. This research is a descriptive-analytic study in which the documentary method used to examine the records and explain the problem, a survey method was used to collect data using observation, interview, and completion of questionnaire among the villagers. Descriptive, inferential and spatial analysis was performed using Excel, SPSS and ArcGIS software to analyze the data. The findings of the study confirm that the executive measures of the conducting guide plans in the studied villages are in a proper level. Accordingly, the quality of implementation of these plans, at a confidence level of 0.99, is correlated with the mental health of the villagers. Also, the results of regression test showed that about 20% of the changes in mental health status of the people living in the studied villages were predicted by the implementation of guide plans. Other results of the research confirm that there is a significant difference between mental health status in all three age groups of men But among women, there is a significant difference between the two age groups of the elderly with young people and middle aged people.

In geography, the landscape is always linked to the factor of culture. Hence, perspective could be considered as the  visible forms and  concepts  on the surface of Earth and their combination.Urban development, the problems of injustice and discrimination in the workplace and life, and the growing incidence of violent acts in cities have also created fear and psychological pressures that ultimately hurt human health and mental health;So, to preserve mental health and behavior and prevent stress,  can benefit from the landscape and the use of beautiful scenery in the  urban physical and the urban infrastructure, but how much do these urban perspectives affect the mental health of citizen is an paramount question. Which is trying to study it. The present research is a descriptive-analyticali research that is based on the purpose of applied and developmental research. First, after describing the concepts of urban prospects and mental health by library method, Urban perspective questionnaire in 9 indicators and 65 items, and GHQ questionnaire in 4 indicators And 28 items in the Likert spectrum  are provited. The sample size of the questionnaire was obtained according to the Cochran sampling formula in 2 regions of 384 that were distributed and collected randomly and distributed randomly. Then, the final analysis was performed in the spss software environment that the results of the GHQ questionnaire at the area level showed the mental health score of area 2 is higher than the average level and the mental health score in area 9 is slightly lower than the average score of the questionnaire.In multivariate regression analysis, we concluded that in the 2nd region, environmental indicators, economic status.

The main purpose of this research is to analyze the effects of social capital components on the mental health of rural and nomadic women that were the members of micro-credit funds in Kerman province. The study is a descriptive-correlational research conducted through a survey technique. The statistical population consisted of all the members of the micro-credit funds in Kerman province (N = 1146). As many as 300 members were selected as a sample using Krejcie and Morgan sample size table and the stratified random sampling method. The research tool was a questionnaire whose validity was confirmed by an academic panel of agricultural extension and education and mental health experts. Its reliability was confirmed by using a pilot test and calculating Cronbach's Alpha coefficients (0.72 ≤ α ≤ 0.89). The findings of the correlational analysis revealed that all the components including social trust, social interaction, social participation, social cohesion, exchange of information with social system, and informal relations positively and significantly correlate with the mental health of women. Furthermore, the results of the regression analysis demonstrated that the variables of social trust, social interaction, social cohesion, and exchange of information with social system have positive and significant impacts on mental health. These variables explained 61.9 percent of the variance of the mental health of rural and nomadic women.

Urban furniture elements of the urban area is the quantity and quality of beauty, comforter ability and Location key role in achieving beautiful and healthy city is a city where people feel The three main goals of urban planning, health, comfort and beauty are The aim is to achieve all three cases, in addition to the pleasant atmosphere of urban design and planning of urban furniture is carefully and patiently. comfortable to accept and present it to sit at home prefer Beautiful Outdoor Furniture unworthy, not attractive and beautiful space where the furniture is unseemly, will highlight the city and urban furniture designed along the road to a healthy city today coating seating, sequence and frequency space layout also has a positive impact on their visual quality. The purpose of this study is cross-sectional study of urban furniture and its impact on reducing social pathologies of urban lighting in the city, the urban furniture, landscape and urban citizens, urban furniture (disabled, veterans and seniors), the symbols and roads and streets is considered the lowest social damage can be seen.

One of the most important public health threats in the world today، is driving accidents and Iran is among the countries that in driving accidents and loss of life is huge. While 90 to 95 percent of road accidents are caused by human factors. Risky driving behaviors، the second leading cause of death and the first cause of years of life lost due top re-mature death and disability in iran considered. Meanwhile، some of the driver personality characteristics have an important share in intensifying or weakening of risky driving behaviors that most important of them are sensation seeking، angry، aggressive and has -mental health. The purpose of this paper is to present the realism descriptive of risky driving behavior in Mashhad، with a focus on the four personality characteristic، identify processes of risky driving intensifying or weakening. Study Area: The study area in this research is the city of Mashhad which includes 13 regional and 40 urban areas. Present study is a survey research. Research population included all 18years old and older individuals living in the city of Mashhad. Samples selected using «multi-stage cluster sampling» and a sample of 160 respondents were interviewed face to face in 2012. Manchester Driving Behavior Questionnaire is used to assess risky driving behaviors. This questionnaire consists of 24 items that made and was used by Straddling and Meadows (2000) and is regulated in three parts of lapse، errors and driving violation. For assessing driving anger used Deffenbacher Driving anger-scale (1994) that is a 14-item questionnaire. Driving Anger Expression Inventory was used to measure the aggression. This 49-item questionnaire is a self assessment tool that evaluate of people anger-express when driving. Annett Sensation Seeking Scale was used to measure sensation seeking. Annett Sensation Seeking Scale contains two sub-scales of Novelty and emotional intensity. Also، mental health questionnaire of 12 questions (GHQ-12) is used in order to assess psychiatric disorders and mental health of drivers. To verify the theoretical analysis model of risky driving behavior in which has been identified that has an influence on sensation seeking، anger، aggression and mental health variables on risky behavior، path analysis technique was used. By calculating the direct and indirect effects as well as the overall impact of each factors، four influencing risky driver behaviors are found by using path analysis techniques. The results showed that anger and mental health effects on risky driving behavior are indirect، and aggression effect is direct. However، both direct and indirect sensation seeking effect. Also، results showed that sensation seeking، aggression and anger intensified and the mental health weaken /reduce risky driving behavior show the most impact on drivers risky behaviors associated with aggression (0. 35) and variables of sensation seeking (0. 26)، mental health (-0. 18) and anger (0. 09) stand on the second and third places. Driver behavior is recognized in the majority of traffic accidents in the world and Iran، as the main cause of the accident. While driver behavior is quite influenced by the personality. Theoretical claim of present paper is that risky driving behavior consists of errors، lapses and driving violations، under the influence of a set of four features of important personalities including anger، aggression، sensation seeking، and mental health. The results of this claim examines through survey research conducted on 160 drivers in Mashhad showed that: First، willingness to perform risky driving behaviors is low and in this respect responsibility is in a situation of more or less similar. While the extent of divers anger and mental health are more than moderate، sensation seeking is moderate and aggression is lower than average. Second، sensation seeking، aggression and anger intensified and mental health weaken/reduce the risky driving behavior and maximum influence is related to aggression and sensation seeking. The mental health and anger variables are stand in the next places.