مشارکت

Participatory urban planning aims to increase citizen involvement in urban decision-making and requires tools for analyzing vast amounts of textual data. This study investigates the application of Natural Language Processing (NLP) in analyzing citizens' opinions regarding urban development plans.

Using content analysis methods and machine learning algorithms, opinions collected from social media platforms were analyzed. The results indicated that NLP can accurately identify sentiments, main topics, and patterns present in citizens' comments.

These findings suggest that NLP can serve as a powerful tool to enhance the decision-making process in urban planning. However, limitations such as informal language and the presence of specialized terminology in comments indicate a need for further development of NLP models.

 The issue of good governance has been raised with the aim of achieving sustainable development, in which poverty reduction, job creation and sustainable prosperity, protection and revitalization of the environment, and the growth and development of women are emphasized, all of which can be realized with good governance Finds. In fact, it can be said that good governance is a new model for sustainable human development with the interactive mechanism of the three sectors of government, private sector and civil society, so that countries can use all their capabilities in comprehensive development. Based on this, the present study investigates the role of good rural governance in the stability of villages and the necessity of efficient management of human resources in the villages of the western suburbs of Heris city. This research was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of data collection. The statistical population under study was 4828 heads of households in the villages of Dehistan in the western districts of Heris city. The sampling method was multi-stage, and the Krejci Morgan table was used to determine the sample size. The sample size of household heads was 357. The measurement tool was a questionnaire. Questionnaires were examined in terms of validity and reliability. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to measure reliability. The inferential findings of the research indicate that in the examination of the eight indicators of good governance, the index of collective agreement and efficiency and effectiveness with an average of 3.19 has the highest weight and the village of Sheikh Rajab in the index of participation and the village of Shamlu in the index of central justice. They gained the lowest weight with an average of 2.30.

The ideal urban governance model seeks to create a relationship between the city government and the citizens so that it can create participation and cooperation between all the effective forces in the management of the society, namely the government, the private sector, the public sector and popular organizations. This research has been carried out with the aim of investigating the role of favorable governance on the improvement of the quality of the urban environment of Shirvan from the perspective of citizens and evaluating the state of the urban environment of this city, which is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of method. Data collection was done by document method and field survey with a sample size of 383 people in Shirvan city. Data analysis has been done by using t-test statistical test and exploratory factor analysis in spss software. The findings of the research indicate that the implementation of the desired governance in the city of Shirvan is moderate. Therefore, it requires the necessary planning to involve the citizens of Shirvan to increase the level of capabilities of the city residents and to implement the dimensions of good governance to improve the quality of the urban environment.

Recent years have witnessed a tremendous increase in Volunteered Geographic Information, virtually any sort of geographic information or knowledge assembled through non-professional volunteers participating in different projects. VGI has received great attention owing to modern advancements suchlike the Web 2.0, the Internet, and various location-aware mobile devices. The accuracy and quality of such information are, for the most part, influenced by the personal interests, motivations, and characteristics of those participating, which in today’s world translates into a major tool for serving the needs of decision-makers and planners and of course governments and thereby a topic worthy of scrutiny. In this light, the present study proceeds with the design of a VGI system intended to map green spaces in District 6 of Tehran concerning the motivations and characteristics of contributors and their effects on the final quality of information produced. As per the results, the following motivations were identified as most effective on the quality of visualized geographic green areas: the practicality of project objectives, sense of altruism, and familiarity with the region with corresponding regression coefficients of 0.31, 0.35, and 0.59, respectively. Moreover, information gathered from contributors aged 35 or above with educational qualifications of master’s degrees was highest in terms of quality

A look at urban management approaches over the history shows that urban approaches have becoming more flexible. The current approach is urban governance and one of the principles of urban governance is participation. Many believe that more informed and legitimate decisions can be made by involving citizens. Due to the advancement of information technologies and the increase in the use of the Internet and participation tools in recent years, electronic participation has also started to increase the scope and transparency of the government and, as a result, increase the trust of citizens in the government. Citizen-initiated electronic-participation is often in the form of consultative communication in which participants communicate with government administrators, monitor, comment on others’ opinions, and respond to the opinions.
As an institution that is made up of people’s representatives, the city council is one of the important principles of the urban management system in Iran. For satisfying the needs of the people, this institution has an urgent need to get people’s votes and opinions, and one of the prerequisites for getting their opinions is involving them in urban management issues. Since the use of the Internet and virtual space is increasing every day, it is not possible to hold meetings with the presence of all citizens. And as the purpose of electronic participation is increasing the participation of citizens in digital governance, their participation can help officials, including city council members, to offer better services to people and solve their problems. Bojnord city council’s facilities for electronic participation are limited to the website of the organization, Telegram groups, and Instagram pages of members of the council. Taking these issues into consideration, this study tried to examine the challenges of citizens regarding their electronic participation in Bojnord city council’s decisions and to offer some solutions that make citizens’ electronic participation easier.

A mixed method was used for this applied research. A semi-structured interview was used in three sections. First, public relations experts (website officials) of the city council were interviewed to see the website's status. In the second section, interactive interviews were conducted with members of city council and city managers and experts regarding citizens' participation through open questions. In the third part, the virtual literacy of citizens and the amount of current training were explored to see the access of citizens of Bojnord to electronic tools. For this purpose, an employee of Seraj in North Khorasan province was interviewed. Content analysis was applied to analyze the data from the interviews. Another questionnaire was designed, the target group of which was all the citizens of Bojnord older than 18, because these people can vote for selecting city council members. As it was not possible to access all the people of this city, aged 18 to 20, the statistical population was considered to be all citizens over 20 years of age, which according to the last census in 2016 were 153122 people. SPSS was run to analyze the data of this section. The one-sample t-test and descriptive tests were used. DPSER and SWAT methods were also applied to understand the status of electronic participation.

The results showed that three important issues are needed for electronic participation of citizens: 1) conditions or prerequisites for electronic participation (economic/financial conditions, social/cultural conditions, legal/law conditions, and technical and infrastructure conditions); 2) the methods of electronic participation (electronic notification, electronic consultation and electronic decision-making); and 3) electronic participation tools (available platforms). Moreover, the investigations showed that full electronic informing has been done regarding the news and approvals of the city council of Bojnord and the news of daily meetings has been published for the citizens, but the citizens have not been informed about the presence of city council members on different platforms and the way of electronic communication with them. Therefore, many citizens did not know at all about the presence of city council members in social media and though they have wanted to communicate electronically, they did not know the communication methods.

The results showed that resorting to electronic participation has many such advantages as creating a more comprehensive view of the problems and even a more specialized solution to them. Generally speaking, one can say that Bojnord city council is in electronic notification stage. Here are some strategies to overcome barriers and emphasize strengths. The goal is that all city councils with similar conditions that do not have a single platform for electronic participation can use these suggestions to solve the participation problems. These suggestions are as follows:
Appropriate and public informing about the activeness of city council members in electronic media;
Determining the duties for each member of city council for electronic presence. This will encourage citizens to communicate electronically with members of city councils;
Creating a technology department in the city councils and employing experts in this regard;
Improving the facilities of city councils’ websites and providing some possibilities, including sending emails to citizens, uploading photos and videos by citizens, and online broadcast of the meetings of city councils;
Using the power of city council representatives in the supreme council of provinces to make legislations for citizens’ electronic participation.

In line with the evaluation and monitoring of the actions of the Lake Urmia Restoration Headquarters, this research was conducted with the aim of evaluating the socio-economic effectiveness of the actions of the Lake Urmia Restoration Headquarters and measuring the participation of local communities on the shores of Lake Urmia. In the current research, according to the nature of the subject and research objectives, qualitative survey research method was used. In order to carry out this research, three types of restoration actions were selected, including planting with Atriplex species in Azarshahr city, planting and with Tamarix, Nitraria and Atriplex species in Shabestar city, and constructing a non-living windbreak using Tamarix species in Ajabshir city. local communities are most willing to participate in the implementation of new irrigation systems in order to save water consumption, agriculture with less water demand, and participation in planning and formulation of revitalization plans with average scores of 3.41, 3.19 and 2.93 respectively. According to the results, from the point of view of the local communities, the actions of the restoration headquarters have a significant difference in terms of economic effectiveness, and the economic effects of constructing a non-living windbreak have been greater than the other two methods. It seems that we can hope for positive results of the actions of the restoration headquarters if the appropriateness of restoration measures is observed with the ecological conditions of the region and the participation of local communities.

Good governance means leading and managing society in a measured, correct and efficient manner and within the framework of the law, along with accountability and responsibility that depends on the interaction of citizens and political and social forces of civil society with the government. The present study aims to evaluate the effects of governance. It has been done well in the sustainability of the villages of the western Bedoustan of Herris County.

This study was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of data collection. The statistical population studied was 4,828 heads of households in the villages of Ahmedabad, Sakhsalo, Shamlo, Jangour, Sheikh Rajab, Merkid, Sarai, villages of the western Badostan dehistan of Heris city. The sampling method was multi-stage, for this purpose, the villages of Badostan Gharbi were divided into three classes in terms of the number of households, and seven villages were randomly selected from each class, in proportion to the number of villages, and then the heads of the households were selected using the sampling method. They were selected and studied using a stratified method with proportional assignment. To determine the sample size, the Krejci Morgan table was used. The sample size of household heads was 357. The measurement tool was a questionnaire. Questionnaires were examined in terms of validity and reliability. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to measure reliability.

The inferential findings of the research indicate that in examining the eight indicators of good governance; The index of collective agreement and efficiency and effectiveness with an average of 3.19 got the highest weight, and the village of Sheikh Rajab got the lowest weight in the index of participation and the village of Shamlou in the index of central justice with an average of 2.30.

Management with the role of mediation of participation by providing a context for benefiting from the benefits of local residents' participation in management can be very efficient in the direction of social justice and reconstruction of Urban Peripheral space. Based on this, it is definitely not possible to manage Urban Peripheral areas without people's participation and using new management methods. Also, according to the evaluations made by Friedman, solving the problems faced by the cities and their Urban Peripheral areas in developing countries including Iran, through the improvement and effective institutional capacity building in the management structure and design processes of decision-making and Participatory planning with different groups and stakeholders of Urban Peripheral arenas is possible. In this regard, the studied area of Khash city in Sistan and Baluchistan province has undergone many changes during the last few decades, including the increase of the urban population, the physical expansion of urban settlements and the annexation of surrounding villages to the city, the loss of agricultural lands. And it has been converted into residential uses. In fact, the city of Khash, due to many changes over time, with a set of factors, has increased the quantitative and physical level of the city beyond the conventional standards, which itself has caused problems for the areas around the villages. Therefore, the main problem of the current research is to identify the management model of Urban Peripheral areas with emphasis on the role of participation in Khash.

In terms of purpose, the current research is applied and interpretive and analytical in nature, and in terms of method, it is in the group of qualitative and quantitative researches. In order to analyze the data, grand theory method and Expert Choice software have been used. The method of collecting information was document and library studies and interviews and questionnaires. The statistical population in the current research also includes experts and elites in the field of urban and rural planning. In order to collect the sample population based on the purposeful sampling method; a number of (20) people were selected as the sample community.

The results showed that the set of causal conditions includes (use of native knowledge of villagers, obtaining appropriate credits and facilities in line with people's participation in managers, creating a discourse for the institutionalization of participation in urban peripheral areas, informing the residents of urban peripheral about the importance of their participation in the process of implementing development plans, strengthening institutional capacities); Background conditions include (strengthening the sense of trust between officials and local residents, good governance, training in participatory management among relevant organizations, increasing the belief in the usefulness and usefulness of participation in management-related issues) and (optimal and decentralized management conditions, decentralized approach in the development of urban peripheral areas, benefiting from the experiences of other countries and using all the capacities of local urban peripheral residents (women, men, youth)); were identified as intervening conditions. Then the strategies that lead to the management of urban peripheral areas with an emphasis on the role of participation, include (drawing the vision of urban peripheral areas with an emphasis on participatory management, a gathering of experts, managers of relevant organizations and local residents of urban peripheral areas regarding barriers to participation, decision-making and the right policy) were identified. In the following, categories such as: people's participation in all stages of decision-making, planning, implementation and operation, sustainability of urban peripheral areas, physical-spatial development, improving the quality of life of local communities, balance and balanced growth as consequences and political obstacles, the inappropriate structural-institutional model of the management system, the lack of mention of the role of policy making in the management of urban peripheral areas, in achieving the management of urban peripheral areas by emphasizing the role of participation they were considered as obstacles. Finally, the results showed; Among the causal conditions, obtaining appropriate credits and facilities in line with the participation of people to managers with a value of 0.245, background conditions: strengthening the sense of trust between officials and local residents with a weight value of 0.300, intervening conditions: strengthening the sense of trust between officials and local residents with a weight value of 0.296, between proposed strategies: decision-making and correct policy making with a value of 0.400, consequences: sustainability of urban peripheral areas with a weight value of 0.277 and finally, among the obstacles: the inappropriate structural-institutional model of the management system with a weight value of 0.356 has been assigned the most importance in the management of urban peripheral areas with emphasis on the role of mediation of participation.

The management approach in the Urban Peripheral areas of Hash is the urban-rural government, whose managers consider themselves the guardians of the residents and implement their policies and programs at will without the smallest survey and participation. The result of this type of management is the exclusion of people in the decision-making process. Accordingly, it is necessary to use the ability and participation of local residents.

Presence in social environments and participation of citizens in cities is one of the main factors of achieving social growth in cities and ultimately achieving sustainable urban development. Today, policy makers and city managers consider attracting the maximum participation of people as one of the strategies of good urban management. Despite all the efforts made in Iran, until now the process of participation as a public culture has not had a proper place in the thoughts and actions of citizens. Considering the importance and role of participation in urban development in this research with the aim of investigating the relationship between the two mentioned indicators, in order to explain and evaluate the two indicators of participation and urban development from the perspective of citizens in Baneh city and to investigate the relationship between participation and physical, socio-cultural development And it has been economical. Descriptive-analytical research method using field observation tool and citizens' opinion questionnaire has been collected and researched in spss software environment with various descriptive and inferential tests including Pearson's correlation test. Inaccurate results have shown that citizens' assessment of the two indicators of participation and urban development is not at an acceptable level. Also, the correlation results of the two mentioned indicators showed that there is a significant relationship at the 95% level between the two indicators of public participation and urban development in all sub-indices related to development in Baneh city.

Methods and Material

 This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in terms of type. The statistical population of the research includes the residents of Baneh city with a population of about 120 thousand people, and by entering this number in the Cochran formula, 384 people were selected as the sample size and the questionnaire was distributed among them. In order to measure the validity of the questionnaire, from the interview and asking the opinions of supervisors, advisors and experts on the plans of the study area and similar to the subject under study and applying their possible amendments were used. Cronbach's alpha method was used to measure the reliability of the questionnaire. The value of Cronbach's alpha was 0.741 and it can be concluded that the research questionnaire has good reliability. To analyze the data, Pearson's correlation coefficient was used in SPSS software.

The number of respondents is male (50.8) and female (48.2) and there are 0 (0) unanswered. Therefore, the number of male respondents is more than female respondents. The average of 33.47 indicates that the respondents are middle-aged. The youngest respondent was 18 and the oldest respondent was 80 years old. In order to investigate the state of public participation at the level of the citizens of Baneh city, in this part of the research, by examining previous research and the opinions of experts and Dear professors, 16 items were designed as suitable items to evaluate the people's participation in Baneh city in the form of a questionnaire and provided to the sample size of the research. be And it does not have an acceptable status. In order to investigate urban development and its different dimensions, three main dimensions of urban development including physical, socio-cultural and economic dimensions have been investigated. In order to examine each of the development indicators in more detail, items for the aforementioned indicators were observed according to the review of previous sources and the opinions of experts that the evaluation of the citizens of the level of development in the investigated indicators is not at an acceptable level. Be The average satisfaction and evaluation of the residents of Baneh city on various indicators of urban development is at a very low level. So that the average physical development index is 1.6, the average socio-cultural development index is 1.9, and the average economic development index is 1.4, which is lower than the average level of citizen satisfaction. The results of the Pearson correlation test show that there is a significant correlation between the two research indicators and it can be said that the relationship between public participation and urban development in different physical, socio-cultural and economic dimensions is significant at the 95% level.

With the aim of investigating the state of public participation at the level of the citizens of Baneh city, after reviewing previous research and the opinions of respected experts and professors, 16 items were selected as suitable items to evaluate public participation in Baneh city in the form of a questionnaire designed and available in the volume The research sample was selected, and the results showed that the state of public participation is moderate to low in terms of citizens. And it does not have an acceptable status. Also, in order to investigate the various dimensions of urban development in Baneh, the main indicators of urban development including three physical, socio-cultural and economic indicators and 16 related sub-indices have been provided in the form of a questionnaire to the sample size of research at the level of the citizens of Baneh city. The results of citizens' assessment of the level of development in each of the development indicators are presented in the following tables. As can be seen in the results, the citizens' assessment of the level of development in the investigated indicators is not at an acceptable level. Pearson's correlation test has been used in order to investigate the relationship of the participation index and its effects in the urban development of Baneh. The results of the Pearson correlation test show that there is a significant correlation between the two research indicators and it can be said that the relationship between public participation and urban development in different physical, socio-cultural and economic dimensions is significant at the 95% level.

This research has been done with the aim of identifying indicators of human resource management based on cooperation to achieve organizational goals in the field of health.The research

The research was carried out meta-combination by examining 142 sources, during the meta-combination process, 27 articles were selected in Irandoc, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Springer, IEEE and ACM databases and search engines between the years (2000-2022). First, a code was considered for all the factors extracted from previous studies and then they were categorized in a concept. Two coders were used to control the extracted codes and concepts, and the intended index in this context was the Holstein index.

Based on the analysis done with the help of the content analysis method, there are a total of 5 main categories and 19 subcategories including; The field of collaborative (recruitment based on Collaborative, Collaboration-based organizational culture, Collaboration-based training, Evaluation with a collaborative approach, Collaborative-Based career design, conflict of interest and Collaborative-Based communication), Incentive for Collaboration (perception of justice, Establishing trust for Collaboration, Reward based on Collaboration, Motivation to participate and providing resources for Collaboration), facilitator of Collaboration (Collaborative-Based leadership, Support for Collaborative activities and having emotional intelligence), achievements of Collaboration (Consequence of Collaboration) and Partnership or joint Collaboration (Collaboration-Based team-building, common goal and Collaborative planning) for the indicators of human resource management of cooperation-oriented identification became.achievements of Collaboration (Consequence of Collaboration) and Partnership or joint Collaboration (Collaboration-Based team-building, common goal and Collaborative planning) for the indicators of human resource management of cooperation-oriented identification became.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of smart urban spaces on citizens’ participation in Iran, especially in the metropolis of Tehran.Smart cities are the cities that make the most of the Internet and the Web to provide diverse and comprehensive services to citizens in various fields. The creation of such a city will have many economic, social, cultural and political implications. Citizens' participation in urban planning and urban management is expected to improve as cities become smarter. The study of the impact of urban intelligence on participation is very important because the concept of participation is considered as a basic concept in urban planning literature all over the world. This is important in metropolises of developing countries such as Iran, which are rapidly undergoing social change such as citizen participation. Especially in a city like Tehran where the level of participation is far from the desired point. The question is, what effect will smart cities have on participation, and what will be the future of citizen participation in smart and dynamic cities? Descriptive-analytical research, while using the methods and tools of documentary studies in the section of theoretical foundations and research suggestions and then based on the survey strategy (Citizens' Questionnaire for 385 people in Tehran), tried to collect data. And then analyze them (with SPSS software). The results indicate the confirmation of the research propositions, because the score of the propositions is higher than the acceptable minimum (3.1) and the standard deviation is below 1 in almost all cases. Also, one-sample t-test with respect to the significance level (sig) below 0.05 showed the confirmation of the propositions.

In line with city and population studies as well as population planning of people in cities, which has a long history, the city has been the main focus of human gathering, and for years, it has taken first place among human settlements in attracting the population, which has been able to make many changes. In order to create according to the attraction of the population in the cities, these developments can manifest themselves in the form of physical, social, economic, and managerial developments. These developments lead the city towards the current conditions and give the city a different identity from the settlements. Based on this, social issues in the city are first in the ranking of urban studies because this is the main way of shaping all issues. In this regard, if the urban management group pays special attention to social relations from the beginning of planning in the city, maybe in the future, they will see fewer challenges, especially in urban worn-out textures. It will lead the city to social prosperity and the level of social participation, which will greatly expand among the localities so that the city can be considered a logical, healthy, and effective focal point by maintaining social identity for residents. With this assumption, social studies in line with successful urban management are essential and successful results of urban planning at the local level. It tries to show the strengthening of relations in the city from a social point of view and guide the city management towards sustainable urban control. However, the urban management complex may face different challenges in this regard because urban neighborhoods are one of the micro and concrete centers for forming cultural identities and social affiliations and strengthening neighborhood values and norms in the form of a sense of social belonging and neighborhood relations. Therefore, in the structure of urban neighborhoods, the role of social capital is as a set of norms, informal values, customary laws, and moral obligations that interact with each other and are always discussed and examined by researchers in urban studies and cause identification of people in groups, and facilitate social relations in cities. Based on this, due to the population density and various ethnic migrations in the neighborhoods of Bushehr, it has become essential that the level of trust of the residents of that area is less towards each other, and this issue has caused major concerns. In this regard, the present research has been scrutinized to evaluate social capital. It has shown that social capital directly affects the institutionalization of urban management and development. With this assumption, the present research has been aimed at answering whether the spatial distribution of social capital in different neighborhoods of Bushehr is distributed similarly or not..

Since the purpose and application will be different depending on the type of research subject, the present research is practical in terms of purpose and descriptive survey in terms of method. Since articles, books, and other written sources were used in the present research and researchers were present at the research site and collected their data in this field, this research was of library and field type. The research's statistical population includes all Bushehr citizens, whose number is unlimited. The statistical sample was based on the well-known Cochran formula; 384 people were obtained. In order to obtain better information, the researcher collected 403 questionnaires. 

In the current research, which is a social issue, according to the statistical analysis, different results have been created; therefore, in order to obtain the scientific results of the research, Cronbach's alpha has been used first to check the reliability of the research variables, and then to check the dimensions of social capital in Kruskal-Wallis test has been exerted in different areas of Bushehr city. Also, data analysis has shown that the significance of topics such as social trust in this test (0.223), social participation (0.001), social cohesion (0.029), local institutions (0.046), social security (0.367), responsibility (0.048), normative orientation (0.418), satisfaction (0.032) and social interaction (0.041). In the continuation of the research findings, the results of the investigations have shown no significant difference in terms of social trust, social security, or normativity in different areas of Bushehr. However, there is a significant difference in terms of social participation, social cohesion, local institutions, social responsibility, satisfaction, and social interaction. Moreover, finally, according to the results of the research, it has been suggested to city officials that one of the components that city managers in Bushehr can trust more is the discussion of trust in local social institutions such as Basij, the mosque's board of trustees, etc. City managers can think about planning and strengthening their multiples among the urban neighborhoods of Bushehr.

City managers in Bushehr should strengthen the activities of mosques and mobilize neighborhoods in their agenda to increase people's trust in these groups, make citizens able to go to mosques with peace of mind and use the presence of elders in order to solve problems. In this regard, one of the strategies that Bushehr city managers and officials can effectively demonstrate is how to establish positive and constructive communication between citizens, the Islamic Council, and the neighborhood council. In such a way, people believe they can refer to their neighborhood council to resolve neighborhood issues with peace of mind.

Today, managerial decentralization in urban development processes through the formulation of laws and processes in developed or developing countries is seriously discussed.Attention to participation in urban management has a major role in solving many problems and urban issues, and accordingly,one of the high priorities of urban management is to create opportunities for public participation.

Objective of the research:

The aim of the present study is to study the Grounded Theory,Organizing urban management through citizen participation(Case study:Zahedan city).

The present study in terms of purpose, Applied research and has a descriptive-analytical nature, also in terms of method, is in the group of qualitative research.Data collection method was interview and grounded theory method was used to analyze the data. Sample size for interviewing experts in the framework of theoretical saturation and using Targeted Sampling,20experts (specialists, university professors and Zahedan city managers), was selected.

Geographical area of research:

Includes the city of Zahedan in the province of Sistan and Baluchestan.

From the results of the interviews, 16 categories and 50semantic units were extracted, which were divided into three categories of conditions(Causal, contextual and intervening).The results showed that these three conditions along with each other have caused citizens not to participate in urban management.

The general results show that in order to deal with the lack of citizen participation in urban management, strategies should be used(use of mass media,creating new opportunities in the field of communication with urban management, economy with a plan or strategic economy,etc.)should be used.

Nowadays, cities engage in a competition to showcase their innovative approaches within financial frameworks. The objective of this research endeavor was to employ the technique of structural equation modeling to validate a conceptual framework pertaining to social participation in the establishment of creative districts within urban settings.

The methodology employed for this study involved conducting applied research within District 11 of the Tehran Municipality during the year 2023. The selection of the statistical population was based on the most recent population and housing census, resulting in a total of 308,176 individuals. By utilizing the Cochran formula, a sample size of 383.6 individuals was determined. After eliminating incomplete questionnaires, a total of 374 questionnaires from native residents of District 11 in Tehran were analyzed. Each neighborhood within District 11 made a contribution of 22 questionnaires. Spatial cluster sampling was implemented as the selected method of sampling. The collected data were subsequently subjected to structural equation modeling in order to ascertain the underlying causal relationships between the variables.

The results indicated a significant positive impact of involvement on social participation, as demonstrated by a path coefficient of 0.701. Moreover, several factors including the sustainability, depth, rate, and diversity of participation also displayed favorable and substantial effects on social participation, with corresponding path coefficients of 0.682, 0.226, 0.882, and 0.429. The increased level of social participation within the urban creative district played a pivotal role in promoting innovation, citizen engagement, quality of life, and the human capital of its residents.

In relation to the variables pertaining to social participation, it was observed that the variables associated with participation's influence exerted a more substantial impact, while the aspect of participation sustainability displayed a relatively weaker effect on social participation within the context of urban creative districts. Moreover, sub-indicators such as the failure to identify and attract talented individuals, the lack of cooperation and participation from diverse segments of society, contribute to the untapped potential and impede the growth of the urban creative district.

The role of intermediary institutions and consisting of experts in the field of urban planning in order to inform citizens and fill the gap between them and urban management, in order to achieve partnership seems necessary. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of experts in urban affairs in citizen participation to improve the urban environment in the neighborhood. Thus, in a process of action research, the four-story People's Foundation was selected as a specialized urban planning center and the role of this institution in participation and awareness-raising to residents for two months continuously during the quality improvement project to neighborhoods in connection with welcoming the spring of 1397 in The two neighborhoods of Iqbal and Emamiyeh in Mashhad were surveyed based on Levin's action research model. The statistical population is the residents of the desired neighborhoods and the sample size in each neighborhood is more than 10% of its population. In different stages, observation methods, in-depth interviews, collection of comments on the banner, questionnaires and public hearings were used to collect data. The results of this research project, which is based on interpretive analysis, show that, on the one hand, the presence of semen can partially solve the gap in the partnership and help improve the relationship between urban management and citizens, but on the other hand there are obstacles in this direction. Which is mainly related to the weakness of legal mechanisms. Also, the presence of these intermediary institutions should be considered in the definition of partnership-based projects and the necessary grounds for the continuation of partnership and the continuation of talks with the people should be provided.

Achieving development goals is impossible without paying attention to the role of women, and rural women play a key role as one of the main actors in achieving the Millennium Development Goals.The present study was conducted with the aim of analyzing the factors preventing and promoting the development of rural women's participation in Sardaba district. The current research is practical in terms of its purpose, and the method used in it is a combined method with a sequential exploratory approach that uses both qualitative and quantitative approaches. In the first phase, using the qualitative method of qualitative content analysis, the data collected through the review of available sources and interviews, key concepts were extracted from the text of notes and interviews, and during open coding, 18 inhibiting factors and 17 promoting factors were divided into three groups. The main economic, socio-cultural and political factors were identified. Then in the quantitative phase, using the survey method; The extracted indicators were ranked and analyzed. The necessary technique to obtain the required data is library and field (questionnaire). The statistical population of the present study is the population of women in 11 villages of Sardaba village in the central part of Ardabil city with a population of 3179. To determine the sample size, Cochran's formula was used, and according to this formula, the statistical sample number was 345. Structural equation method and Lisrel software were used to analyze the data. The ranking based on the standardized factor load showed that socio-cultural factor with an effect factor of 0.95, political factor with an effect factor of 0.92, and economic factor with an effect factor of 0.89 are the most important factors hindering the development of rural women's participation. In terms of promoting factors, the political factor with an effect factor of 0.94 is the most important promoting factor in the development of rural women's participation. The socio-cultural factor with an effect factor of 0.90 is the second group, followed by the economic factors with an effect factor of 0.86 as factors that promote the development of rural women's participation.

Today, public participation has become one of the main tools and a key element in the decision-making process in various urban areas with the aim of improving the lives of citizens. In this regard The purpose of this article is to structurally explain the factors affecting citizen participation in the development of Bojnourd.This research is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of nature, analytical and exploratory. In terms of combined method, documentary and survey methods have been used. In this regard, after holding interviews with 20 experts and experts in the urban area of Bojnourd as the statistical population of the study, 17 drivers were compiled and weighted using the Delphi technique. Structural-interpretive modeling (ISM) was used to analyze the data and finally Mick Mac analysis method (in order to be effective and efficient) was used.: The most important results of the present study show that organizations related to urban affairs should restructure and reform their relations with citizens in line with macro-plans and national development, and delegate executive operations to participatory institutions (NGOs) and implement them. They emphasize and monitor. Urban affairs officials should pay more attention to the issue (citizens' trust in urban affairs officials) in order to promote participation, so considering the many problems in the development of Bojnourd city in the last decade (after upgrading Bojnourd city from city center to provincial center) The first and most basic step to reform past trends and guide management measures is to promote public participation to improve and accelerate the resolution of urban development problems, so it is worthwhile for managers and decision makers, especially in the local decision-making ranks. Pay special attention to them.