جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « معنا » در نشریات گروه « جغرافیا »

In the process of rapid changes in the world, tourism is no longer just a journey of horizons, learning lessons, and moral experience, but is defined as a meaning-making phenomenon based on the actors' understanding of it under the economic-cultural background in every society. The diversity and multiplicity of actors and fields of tourism formation have led to the formation of colorful definitions of tourism. In the review of the existing definitions, characteristics and features of tourism were extracted and divided under the title of fundamental and desirable principles of tourism, but none of the definitions included these principles and features at the same time. However, even if a definition includes all of the principles, there are other essential features to understand and describe tourism as a multidimensional activity that is necessary but left out or ignored. The main goal of this research is to extract and infer the abandoned or neglected characteristics of tourism in order to redefine it.

Design/methodology/approach: 

The current research follows a descriptive-exploratory method in terms of its purpose and is a mixed study, composed of both quantitative and qualitative approaches.  In terms of the audience, this study is basic research.

The findings were reported in the form of existing definitions and characteristics of tourism (thesis), neglected characteristics of tourism (antithesis), and interpretation and combination of existing and neglected characteristics of tourism and its redefinition (synthesis).

As an important result of this research, in order to define tourism, it is necessary to first define the philosophical source and approach of definition and its position in the value system of the society; is it supply-oriented, demand-oriented, or holistic? In addition, within each approach, the full features of that approach should be considered. For this purpose, the concepts can be categorized and elementized so that the definition is not lost in the heart of words and concepts, and then the categories and elements are described in a continuum.

Originality/value:

 By emphasizing that "tourism is tourism", a redefinition of tourism was presented by combining existing definitions and newly identified elements.

For exploration, creation and promotion of quality, we need to study the architectural extensions from the point of view of all their superficial and semantic aspects. To promote quality, precise review of these superficial and semantic is necessary. House as a shelter for answering human needs is one of the significant extensions of architecture that requires many studies in order to provide the ground for promotion of its quality, because contemporary houses as compared to past lack many concepts both from the point of view of content and appearance. On the other hand, house has evolved as a significant social need and can be studied in comparison with other arts. Among other arts, fictional literature due to its being a truth-like translation of daily life in the domain of literature has a close relation with the structure of society. For in one sense, it is a reflection of social realities. Therefore, this question is raised that which concepts of houses of Pahlavi II can be understood and studied from the point of view of an author of fictional literature and through the texts and books? The current study is done based on the hypothesis that in rereading of fictional stories from the point of view of phenomenology, valuable concepts of house should be developed from the semantic and physical perspectives so that these concepts of house can be inferred from stories from the point of view of human emotions and lived individual experiences. Meanwhile, phenomenological approach is a significant qualitative approach in the field of theoretical literature of architecture on which few studies have conducted in relation to the residential Iranian houses. The goal of raising this issue is the discovery of the meaning and concept of life in urban houses of Tehran in Pahlavi II era in an analytic form and from a phenomenological point of view as well as their importance in the houses of those times in a contemplative way and from the perspective of a literary and fictional author so that we can reveal the undiscovered aspects of Iranian houses. This study struggles to first introduce the concepts of house from the perspective of phenomenologists, and then proceed to assay the concepts, meanings and physical body of the houses of Pahlavi II era in the relevant texts and books based on the method of content analysis and by application of hermeneutical method. The importance and necessity of present study also lies in the lack of meaning and fall of the spatial quality in contemporary houses that we seek to reach it through the exploration of past houses from a different perspective. Given the growing progress and flourishing of fictional literature and emergence of different authors in Pahlavi II era, this period is an appropriate context for description of events and states of people in those times at Tehran city in view of the study of fictional texts with a realist content. The results show that architectural concepts of residential houses of Pahlavi II era in fictional texts of Jamal Mirsadeghi which have been written during this period are of high emotional richness both from semantic and physical perspectives that can be analyzed from a phenomenological point of view. The found components such as the desire to enter the place and spatial diversity and respect for nature and the quality of the cover texture, have created semantic concepts and multiplicity of emotional space such as spatial transparency, memory, spatial experience, tranquility, security, privacy and identity in homes. The increase in the quality of each component of the place is a result of people's satisfaction with living in the residential spaces of that period.

Monuments play an important role in creating urban identity. they are upgraded to social-cultural landmarks. Dealing with the problem of meaning is mainly qualitative, and less literature has been used to quantify the meaning of architecture in terms of people. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the meaning of contemporary monumental architectures as socio-cultural landmarks In the view of the people, this research seeks to answer the following question: What are the sub-components influencing the promotion of an architectural building to socio-cultural landmarks? And what do contemporary monuments mean to people? At first, the literature was reviewed and summarized using theoretical and library studies, literature on urban sign and levels of meaning. The result of this section is a conceptual model of research in which sub-components affecting the role of architecture as a socio-cultural landmark and how they relate to the symbolic role of the building are identified. In the second part, the sub-components of the semantic section were surveyed through semantic differentiation test questionnaire to measure the meaning of the audience in seven contemporary Iranian monumental architectures. Descriptive statistics based on mean scores of responses and inferential statistics based on t-test and Tukey test were used to evaluate the results of the questionnaire. The result is social dimensions (tradition, power, media, economics, collective memory), cultural factors (rituals), psychoanalysis (subconscious and ethnicity), time (synchrony and diachronic), physical factors (Aesthetics), symptoms (visual, verbal, abstract, metaphore), climatic factors, social function are effective in shaping the meaning of an architectural work.

Respect for the elderly and their presence in the Iranian tradition has been, but many social and economic constraints and problems have caused the elderly to get away from their family environment, These problems and the lack of experience in designing the spaces for the elderly have caused the social interactions of the elderly to be routinely diminished in urban spaces, so that the elderly does not have a satisfactory view of the community.Major attitudes toward old age can be categorized into two broad categories. The first view emphasizes the importance of the age of living and the value of knowing this period of life. In the opposite view, the indifference or neglect of the role of the elderly in social life And even preferring the removal of the elderly from being present in the community and only maintaining them as an ineffective social class.

The research method of the first stage was a descriptive-analytic study in which the objective description of the components of social interactions from the viewpoint of the experts and the recognition of the components was studied and each of the identified indicators was analyzed and evaluated. In this research, resources related to the topic of social interactions in urban space were first studied and collected in a library of subject records. Then, the effective components of social interactions from the viewpoint of the experts in urban space were analyzed and analyzed. In the second part, the research method was survey, which we obtained through the survey (questionnaire) the necessary information. The following cases have been considered in the selection of the case studies: being in city centers, having access to the arches and pedestrians, attending the elderly on a daily basis, having at least space for the activities that the center has been considering for them. The equalization of spatial conditions and activities that can be carried out in the complex, having the condition of the elderly in terms of being able to answer the questions correctly and not having Alzheimer's, have a proper understanding of the way in which they are located and where they are engaged. With regard to the proposed features, the following two sites were selected to answer the questionnaires as follows. Two hatef and aram centers used by the elderly with similar and similar conditions were chosen. These centers are used by women's cultural activities. The statistical population was selected based on Morgan's table. The number of users of the designated centers is 30, according to Morgan's table, 28 questionnaires completed in two elderly centers.

The findings of the research in the first phase of the components were identified from the point of view of experts and classified according to the model of the sense of place of the Rolf-Panter. In the item of activity: Continued use, pedestrian activity, activities, variety and variety, sociality, vitality, uses In the body item, the components of proximity and proximity, invitations, potential capabilities of the environment, access and interconnection, permeability, waiting and pause, multi-unit groups, fields, pavements, symbol of the environment and symbols, Visual beauty, meeting space, closed space (deadlock alley), Form and In the meaning of the item, the components of experience, sense (sensory richness), adaptability, control and supervision, efficiency, justice, readability, flexibility, visual proportions, color, belonging, comfort and mental image, identity, residence time, individual characteristics, protection, Attachment to place, comfort and enjoyment are classified. In the second stage, after the preparation of the questionnaires, the value of each component was evaluated for the elderly.Emphasis on the presence of the elderly in the community and the use of their experiences of the needs of a community can be considered, and in some way, their return to society as a beneficial person, can make the elderly feel useful and efficient.

The most striking results from the analysis of the results obtained from Friedman's ranking is that in the activity index, the highest rank refers to the diversity of activities and age groups that elderly say they have a strong interest in engaging in artistic activities and In the second phase, there is a continuing use of the cultural environment of the elderly because they are separated from the daily concerns by their constant use and enjoyment. In the third stage, they are referring to the living environment of the elderly and are interested in engaging and entertaining activities. In the body index, the absence of placement of communicative spaces and social interactions in closed spaces is of more importance among the components of the body, and the presence of outdoor and green is most important to them, and in the second degree, the lack of use of the form Broken and teaspoons are important to the use of physical and curvilinear thermal environments. Thirdly, potential environmental capabilities are more important for the elderly, referring to environmental characteristics (building, access, and green space). In the item of meaning, we also conclude that, in the first place, there are even flexible and flexible spaces to meet their needs in priority. Secondly, having the color of belonging to the elderly, having a place of personal belonging to the individual is given priority and, thirdly, control and supervision are of greater importance to the elderly and they have a sense of security for them, and they also like the relevant factors Manage themselves.

The present study aims to qualitatively explore the meaning of the architecture of the native houses in the Mokrian region, Iran, from a phenomenological point of view. The ultimate goal is to catch a clear sight of that architecture so as to discover and reveal the semantics derived from the creation, development and essence of the houses. The approach of the study is phenomenology, and the data analysis is qualitative. It is conducted based on Max van Manen’s theory and the MST method. The researcher attended the study area, scrutinized the architecture of the houses, conducted open and deep interviews, and recorded the accounts given on personal life experiences, heard experiences, and characteristics of residence in that area. From the data obtained, important commentaries, 87 sentences and 15 themes were selected as the main defining features of the native houses in Mokrian. By integrating, comparing and pondering those features, a core title was developed to represent the true meaning of the houses. It read "Mokrian House Marks Self-Representation, Sense Manifestation, and Human Life Depiction”.

Introduction and Background: Cultural turn is a collection of intellectual development that from the late 1980s has expanded the scope of geography and it has led to the centering of cultural issues in human geography. There are two types of cultural turn: the first one refers to theorizing about the world, while the second one is more philosophical and abstract. In second type culture is regarded as “as a way of thinking and knowing”. Aims: Considering the importance of cultural turn for the field of political geography, and this fact that this issue has not been touched upon in Persian, the present paper addresses the impacts of cultural turn on the field of political geography. Methodology: The present study uses “analytic-descriptive” approach as it methodology. Due to the nature of the topic, data was collected through library and internet research. The required information was extracted from books and papers and categorized, and then was analyzed qualitatively. Conclusion: In political geography affected by culture, “political” has a meaning beyond the conventional meaning of official politics. In this regard political geography recognizes and represents the mutual effects of cultural “signs” and “symbols” on one hand, and “political acts” on the other. In this regard,in particular, the focus is on “meaning” and the struggle for meaning and discourse. The result of paper shows that cultural turn has had three main impacts on political geography. The first one is reformulation of the concepts and subjects of political geography from a cultural lens. The second impact is focus on new issues, such as cultural politics, which were not taken into consideration before 1980s. The third effect is attention to culture from the viewpoint of generating knowledge of political geography. In this respect, the social construction of knowledge by social groups in special time-place contexts and cultures is criticized and analyzed. In other words, political geography is evaluated on the basis of the culture of individuals who have generated this knowledge.