نظریه داده بنیاد

The present study aimed to design a model for the development of horse tourism in Khuzestan province based on databased theory. This study was conducted using a qualitative method by conducting semi-structured interviews with 15 professors and specialists in sports and youth departments who were selected using a purposive sampling method.

The method of collecting information was through the study of previous research and conducting semi-structured interviews. To examine the face and content validity, the research findings were presented to the participants and they studied the text of the theory and then their opinions were applied. The method used to examine reliability was the intra-subject agreement method. The average intra-subject agreement was reported to be 0.83.

Based on a comprehensive analysis of interviews, the development of horse tourism in Khuzestan province is influenced by causal factors (human resources, economy, management), contextual conditions (infrastructure, security, environmental attractions), effective strategies (planning, participation, monitoring), and intervening factors (environment, technology, education). The successful development of this industry will lead to positive outcomes such as economic growth, social advancement, entrepreneurship, and cultural enrichment. Therefore, it is suggested that in order to develop horse tourism, considering the identified factors, focusing on improving infrastructure, strengthening management and strategic planning, and paying attention to intervening factors (environment, technology, education), the ground should be prepared for the active participation of stakeholders and benefiting from positive economic, social, and cultural outcomes.

Policy-making in tourism development planning necessitates the adoption of innovative methodologies within the domain of urban governance. In alignment with this framework, it is imperative to implement policies that focus on the processes of "developing a good governance model for tourism in the post-COVID-19 era in Iran." This approach aims to mitigate the challenges posed by the pandemic, which has imposed significant strain on the tourism industry by reducing the evaluation of tourism governance indicators and establishing a foundation for their implementation. The methodology of this research is descriptive-survey with a practical focus, employing both documentary studies and field research. The qualitative component of the study utilized interviews as a tool for data analysis and the examination of relevant tourism indicators. The statistical population comprises experts and stakeholders involved in the tourism sector in Iran, with a sample size of 14 individuals selected through a combination of purposive and snowball sampling techniques. In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted, and the data were analyzed through a process of open, axial, and selective coding until theoretical saturation was achieved, leading to the categorization of main and sub-categories. The data analysis was informed by the grounded theory methodology. The findings of this research, which identify indicators of effective governance and elucidate the causal conditions for the application of such governance in Iran's tourism industry, provide a foundation for potential outcomes, including the enhancement of the business environment, particularly in the aftermath of the economic downturn experienced due to the COVID-19 pandemic. These outcomes may lead to the creation of competitive advantages through the establishment of conducive platforms, including organizational measures, infrastructure development, technological enhancements, and the implementation of information and communication management strategies, marketing strategies, and oversight mechanisms, all of which are articulated as a comprehensive model.

Despite the importance of resilience in achieving sustainable urban development, urban resilience has not been able to show its efficiency and operational aspect as it should. Therefore, this research conducted with the aim of promoting the realization of urban resilience in Ghaleh neighborhood of Dezful by combining resilience theory and critical theory. This study was conducted in a qualitative way using the methodology of grounded theory and semi-structured interviews with experts. Data analysis was performed during three stages of open, axial and selective coding and led to the emergence of 429 open codes, 99 concepts in the form of 17 main categories. The results showed that earthquake risk, structural instability, the need to maintain the texture of the neighborhood and the vulnerability of the residents of Ghaleh neighborhood, as causal conditions have led to the need to promote physical resilience in Ghaleh neighborhood. Improving physical resilience in Ghaleh neighborhood, if appropriate strategies are used in the context of pragmatism and citizen participation and with emphasis on public and private sector support and investment and the development of creative economics can lead to the emergence of the consequences of urban sustainable development.

The main goal of the research is to analyze the paradigm model of the development of the medical tourism industry in I.R.I., adopting a new approach to health communication.

Design/methodology/approach: 

This research is a qualitative study based on the data-based theory method. The statistical population under study included 18 experts, including managers of Tehran’s health tourism and health communication centers. The data collection tool consisted of deep and semi-structured interviews with the members of the mentioned community to answer the research questions. Data analysis, with a systematic approach, was the foundation of data theory. This research used the three-step process of open, central, and selective coding to analyze the data obtained from the interviews.

According to this approach, in the open coding stage, the phrases extracted from the interviews were summarized in 894 open codes, 87 central codes, and 20 selective codes. The research was validated using the four criteria of credibility, transferability, reliability, and verifiability.

The structures identified in the paradigm model include value-based health tourism, security, cost, and facilities as causal conditions; the use of social networks, expert human capital, and intervening conditions in communications; background conditions of psychological, behavioral, and demographic factors; and the strategies that include technology, transportation, content marketing, and marketing infrastructure as well as organizational results, tourists' results, host society's results as outcomes. The central category also includes health-based tourism, nature therapy tourism, and medical tourism.Originality/value: To expand the theory of the development of the medical tourism industry of I.R.I., a model was presented, taking a new approach to health communication of the general model. The above-mentioned model is considered the innovation of this research.

The tourism industry is the world's largest industry in terms of income and cultural exchanges. Progress in the field of sports is one of the strategic priorities of planners in countries. Sports tourism is one of the most important developed sectors of the tourism industry. In this regard, the Ministry of Sports and Youth, the National Olympic and Paralympic Committee, the National Olympic and Paralympic Academy, sports federations, physical education, the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology Sports and Education Federation, Ministry of Education and Culture, Sports and Youth Fraction of the Islamic Council, Provincial Sports and Youth Departments, Sports Associations, each of which is a decision-making body in the field are sports The existence of multiple, as well as the simultaneous existence of policy-making and implementation in the Ministry of Sports and Youth, have created inadequacies in these sectors, which, of course, have denied the possibility of competition from the private sector. It seems that the general spirit governing the constitution of the Ministry of Cultural Heritage and Tourism, like the provisions related to tourism in the country's five-year development laws, is a reductionist attitude towards the tourism industry. Due to the uncertainty of the coordination authority in the field of sports tourism decision-making and policy-making, the lack of legal commitment and the need for coordination between sports executive bodies, the multiplicity and diversity of sports tourism tasks. Institutions in charge, the emphasis and clarity of Article 100 of the Law of the Sixth Five-Year Development Plan, based on integrated management, the lack of attention of upstream laws and documents to the priority of sports tourism, the lack of cooperation and the establishment of coherent relations between the government, government and private institutions in the sports tourism industry, preparation An integrated model is important in the sports tourism industry in the country. Considering the number of related organizations in sports tourism and the lack of clarity about the interaction of these organizations with each other, the present research aims to investigate the integrated management of related institutions in the sports tourism industry. This research can play an important role in optimizing management planning in the tourism industry by identifying the effective factors of integrated management of Iran's sports tourism industry. Therefore, the current research aims to provide an integrated management model in Iran's sports tourism industry and seeks to answer this question: What are the effective factors of integrated management in Iran's sports tourism industry?

The current research has a mixed (qualitative-quantitative) approach based on data search. In the qualitative part, the foundational data approach (Glaser method) has been used to present and develop the theory in the study area of the research. The statistical (qualitative) community includes all the experts in the field of tourism, sports management as well as sports tourism. In this research, the purposeful sampling method was used. Sampling continued until reaching a point where adding a new sample no longer has an effect on the development of research theory, theoretical saturation was achieved after the 20th interview. The main method of data collection was semi-structured in-depth interviews. In the process of qualitative data analysis and performing three stages of coding (open, central and selective), a number of 1167 open codes were obtained, which were reduced to 377 unique open codes after merging and removing commonalities, then the open codes were categorized into 29 central codes and finally In selective coding, they were divided into 8 groups: program policy, task, management, legal, institutional, structural, beneficiaries, tools and resources. In this way, a questionnaire based on the main factors and sub-criteria was compiled on a five-point Likert scale with 119 questions. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire was checked with exploratory confirmatory factor analysis and Cronbach's alpha (96%). The statistical population of the quantitative part included 600 experts and managers of the ministries of cultural heritage, sports and youth, as well as the Environmental Protection Organization, the Civil Aviation Organization, the National Olympic and Paralympic Committee. , travel service offices and private sector activists as well as sports management doctoral students and professors. Frequency, mean and standard deviation methods were used to analyze the information in the descriptive part. The normality of the data was checked with the Kolomogorov-Spirov test (<0.05). In the inferential statistics section of the structural equation modeling test, Friedman's test (P=0.001) and Pearson's correlation coefficient, which showed a significant correlation at the 99% level between the main research criteria; It was used with the help of AMOS and SPSS software.

Undoubtedly, the existence of various institutional, legal, structural and managerial differences and the involvement of various organizations and institutions in the tourism cause create complicated problems. The current research by observing the situation of sports tourism in Iran, as a strategy for development; He also carefully specified documents and strategic plans at the macro levels; What is observed in the sports tourism industry is the presence of various actors with unequal powers, which has become a fundamental issue in this field of tourism. Despite the emphasis in the general policies of the sixth development plan and the importance of various aspects of development, the laws of some ministries and organizations related to sports tourism do not have the necessary overlap. In this way, it is necessary for the officials and legislators to act transparently, to remove the dispersal of the same laws and the uniform and unsavory implementation of the laws. It should also be noted that; Among the different components of the sports tourism system, management activities and tasks are distributed disproportionately and have led to functional, institutional and managerial differences. The use of tasteful management instead of scientific management and the incompatibility of the actions taken by the previous managers with the attitude of the new managers are among the many problems in the division of the field of sports tourism. It is included in the development of the country.Therefore, integrated management in this field, taking into account the indicators of the current research, is a balance between barriers and facilitating factors of costs and benefits. Considering the participation of various elements to play a role in sports tourism; This integration leads to the creation of a network of actors with different powers, the imbalance in the power of the beneficiaries in the field of sports tourism will lead to forward movement if there is inter-sectoral coordination and systematic dialogue between the relevant institutions. According to the obtained results, in order to achieve the integrated management of sports tourism in Iran, the following solutions can be presented to lay the groundwork and facilitate the implementation of integrated management.

Considering the changing interest of tourists towards acquiring authentic cultural experiences and the increasing importance of emerging types of tourism, such as food tourism, the present study has been conducted to design a model for the development of food tourism in Iran.

Design/methodology/approach: 

The current research is an exploratory, developmental study using a qualitative method and grounded theory approach. The statistical population consists of experts and practitioners in the country's public and private tourism sectors, of which 19 people were selected according to the rule of theoretical saturation using purposeful and snowball sampling methods, and semi-structured individual interviews have been used to gather the data needed.

After analyzing the interviews, 94 concepts (final code) were identified, which were classified into six categories: causal factors (economic factors, competitive factors and factors related to demand), central phenomenon (tangible Items and intangible Items), contextual condition (infrastructural factors and cultural factors), intervening condition (internal factors and external factors), strategies (related to products and services, related to marketing and advertising, related to infrastructure development and related to human resources) and consequences (economic, socio-cultural and competitive).

The results show that the development of food tourism in Iran should be considered from different dimensions and aspects, and it is necessary to consider all the mechanisms influencing this process in planning and policy-making.

Originality/value: 

The current research has a holistic approach to food tourism development and has investigated the effective mechanisms in developing this type of tourism from different aspects.

This research was conducted with the aim of developing a model of social banking and its impact on customer experience in branches of Housing Bank of Khuzestan province. To achieve this goal, a mixed research method was used in two qualitative and quantitative phases with an exploratory approach. In the qualitative phase, the data were analyzed through interviews with 12 experts using the snowball and targeted sampling method and with the help of the Foundation's data theory during three stages of open, central and selective coding. Atlas T software was used in qualitative phase data analysis. In the quantitative phase, 288 healthy questionnaires were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire with optimal validity and reliability and analyzed using PLS software. The respondents of the quantitative phase included the staff of Maskan Bank branches in Khuzestan province. These people were selected and surveyed using a simple random sampling method. The findings of the qualitative phase included the development of a model for social banking, which consists of 325 open codes, 72 concepts and 26 categories. The findings of the quantitative phase showed that the designed model has a good fit and has a positive and significant effect on the customers' experience.

The purpose of this research was to design and present the social justice development model in the national policy. The research method was qualitative and quantitative. Research information was collected through interviews. The statistical population of the research included an unlimited number of experts, professors and experts in the relevant field, and 18 people were selected until reaching theoretical saturation. The sampling method was in the form of a snowball, in which the interviewees were asked to introduce people who are knowledgeable about the research topic to conduct subsequent interviews. Primary data were collected through interviews. According to the methodological process, during three stages of open coding, central coding and selective coding, firstly, the codes related to the topic were identified from the large number of primary data types; Then, in the manner of continuous comparison, a concept was extracted from several codes, and in the same way, other codes were also converted into concepts until finally 96 concepts were obtained. In the next stage, some concepts were put in the form of a category so that 16 categories were obtained for this research. The findings of the research showed that 3 categories emerged as the central categories, which include: cultural factors, compatibility with elites, education. Other categories to be presented in the visual model were placed in five categories: causal conditions (3 categories), background or context (3 categories), intervening conditions (2 categories), strategies (2 categories), consequences (3 categories). In the following, based on the indicators, components,

In the current era, nations are achieving success in the realm of e-tourism, whereby they leverage the potential of electronic tourism. This encompasses numerous regions within the country, particularly the coastal cities situated in the province of Mazandaran, which have consistently been renowned as tourist hotspots. The primary objective of this investigation was to explore the implementation of electronic tourism for the enhancement of tourism in the coastal cities of Mazandaran province.

The conduction of this study took place within the confines of Mazandaran province during the years 2023-2024. Employing a qualitative approach in terms of methodology and a fundamental approach in terms of purpose, the study model was developed utilizing the grounded theory method. The collection of data was facilitated through semi-structured interviews conducted with experts, with a total of 21 participants (N=21). The selection of samples was performed using the snowball sampling technique. For the analysis of the gathered data, the approach proposed by Strauss and Corbin was adopted.

After conducting the three stages of open, central, and selective coding, a total of 26 sub-categories were identified within the overarching categories of causal, contextual, intervening conditions, strategies, and consequences. These sub-categories were organized into a final model consisting of six dimensions. The contextual condition category included factors such as organizational complexity, tourist conditions, and environmental conditions. The causal condition category encompassed the dynamics of the industry, tourists, and manpower, as well as the strengthening of organizations and infrastructures, and the dynamics of problem solving. The intervening condition category involved aspects such as management, structural barriers, and characteristics of the tourism industry. Additionally, the strategies category encompassed organizational flexibility, interaction with tourists, customer-oriented human resources, and service improvement. Lastly, the consequences category included the development of e-tourism, increased tourist satisfaction, economic development, and increased income.

The ultimate model derived from this investigation will pave the way for the enhancement of managerial approaches and the achievement of the ultimate objective of e-tourism establishment, and can serve as the framework for subsequent growth.

The main purpose of this research is to design and test an open innovation model in science and technology parks through a mixed exploratory approach. The data collection tool in the qualitative section is a semi-structured interview with 15 experts in the field of science and technology parks. Purposive sampling was used until theoretical saturation is achieved. The grounded theory was used to coding the interviews. As a result of open, axial, and selective coding in MAXQDA, 1551 free codes, 202 concepts, 73 sub-codes, and 21 main codes extracted. These codes categorized in six themes of casual conditions, central factors, strategies, contextual conditions, confounding, and outcomes. Initial questionnaire was administrated among 516 experts and managers of science and technology parks in Tehran province and affiliated companies. Confirmatory factor analyses showed high model fit and Cronbach’s alpha showed high internal consistency for the total score equal to 0.98. The results of this study showed that the proposed model of open innovation in science and technology parks in Iran has a good fit.

The purpose of this research was to identify the effective factors in the lifestyle of rural women to participate in sports activities. The research method is exploratory in terms of goal and qualitative in terms of method. The statistical population included experts in rural sports departments, rural women active in sports, trainers and rural women athletes of Ardel Chaharmahal Bakhtiari city. For sampling, the snowball method was used in a targeted manner. The data was collected in the field and based on semi-structured interviews, and theoretical saturation was reached after conducting 17 interviews. The validity of the questions was confirmed by expert professors in the field of sports management, and the within-subject agreement method was used to calculate reliability. In order to analyze the data, descriptive statistics and foundational data theory methods were used according to Strauss and Corbin. Based on the results, a total of 112 open codes and 18 central codes were identified and finally, 6 main categories were created. The findings showed that individual, cultural and economic factors, while paying attention to intervening and background factors, can ultimately lead to health and well-being and the development of rural women's communication. Therefore, it is suggested to pay attention to the mentioned variables and removing obstacles; To provide the necessary platforms and fields for the participation of rural women in sports activities.

Creative cities are considered a new model in urban planning to help the development of cities. In the meantime, one of the urban development opportunities raised by the UNESCO Creative Cities Network to use the potential in cities is gastronomy, which plays a role in the daily life of citizens as a cultural and creative activity. This research sought to analyze the performance of Rasht as the creative city of gastronomy with the aim of urban development and explaining a model for it. The research method was qualitative using grounded theory. The statistical sample size was obtained using the snowball sampling method and continued through interviews until data saturation and no new concept was obtained. Accordingly, 25 individuals participated in a semi-structured interview. 13 of them included city managers of Rasht, officials of the Creative City of Gastronomy project, urban area experts, tourism development specialists, university faculty members, restaurateurs and cooks, and 12 people included citizens of Rasht. From the collected information, the final model of the research was formed during the three steps of coding the Grounded theory (open, axial, and selective) and the conditions of the categories (causal, contextual, central phenomenon, intervention, inhibitory, strategies, consequence). Results showed that the category of "importance of planning and branding" is a causal condition, the category of "cultural and food values" is a contextual condition, the category of "actions in the field of creative city" is an intervention condition, and the category of "disorganization and indecisiveness of urban management in the direction of development" "Creative City of Gastronomy" is one of the conditions that hinder the Creative City of Gastronomy in Rasht and affect its performance. In general, the performance of the creative city of Rasht could be better. To improve the performance of this city, three strategies, "Education and participation of society and trades," "Realization of creative projects," and "Information and communication exchange management," were presented. By applying these strategies, the result of "Strengthening and all-round development of the creative gastronomy city" will be It happens that it consists of three basic categories: "increasing managers and creative and participatory citizens," "tourism development in the field of gastronomy" and "productivity of the local and urban economy." The results of the research help to understand the key components in the performance of the creative gastronomy city of Rasht by planners, officials, city managers, and citizens.

The aim of this study was to design an environmental planning model for blown sand mitigation in Sistan and Baluchestan railway tracks and stations among three-step approach. To begin, interviews were conducted with 16 university experts, managers and senior experts of railway facilities and environmental organization about blown sand mitigation in Iran. The data were coded and 77 components were identified in the form of 21 categories. Then the research model was designed and the hypotheses were identified based on the grounded theory (GT). Secondly, structural equation modeling (SEM) using Amos software was performed to fit the model. Next, interpretive structural modeling (ISM) was applied in order to prioritize, communicate and sequence between the components. The priorities of the influential components of the environmental planning model for blown sand mitigation in Sistan and Baluchestan railway tracks and stations were classified into six levels based on the expert opinions. Among them, two indicators of identification the existing conditions and the requirements for blown sand mitigation in railway tracks and stations and the goal setting for them based on their existential mission were proposed as the most effective levels. Finally, removing legal obstacles and formulating policies compatible with the environment and considering the long-term, medium-term and short-term planning of stabilization of blown sands based on executive power in order to determine applicable goals in policy priorities were proposed as solutions for controlling blown sand hazards along the Sistan and Baluchestan railway.

Modern tourism has added to social anomalies by violating ethical practices and has caused many ethical problems to human societies. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to design an explanatory model of tourism ethics in Gilan province, as one of the most visited tourist destinations in the country, using qualitative research methods and systematic grounded theory. According to the research objectives, the population of participants includes university professors, officials, experts and policy makers of the tourism industry who have at least a master's degree and 5 years of executive work experience in various sectors of the tourism industry. The selection of these samples was done using purposive sampling method and semi-structured interviews with 7 general questions were continued until the realization of saturation in interview 12. Data analysis in three stages of open, axial and selective coding led to the extraction of 71 concepts, 19 sub-categories and finally 6 main categories from the integration and classification of concepts. Based on the proposed model, tourist's ethical behavior as a core category; social responsibility of the tourism destination as a causal condition; the values of the host society as context conditions; business ethics as interferer condition; tourism management and policies are considered as a strategy, and finally, ethical tourism is considered as a result of the implementation of strategies.

Medical tourism, as one of the aspects of tourism, has played a significant role in the sustainable development and dynamics of the economy, as well as understanding between nations and strengthening the foundations of world peace. Therefore, the current research was carried out to identify, introduce, and present a suitable model of therapeutic tourism potential in Kermanshah province. This study employed grounded theory, which is a qualitative method. The statistical population of the research is 8 hospitals with an active IPD department in the center of Kermanshah province. A semi-structured interview was chosen as a data collection method. To achieve theoretical saturation, the entire society associated with foreign patients was consulted. The results of the interviews with these experts were reported in the form of themes of referral motivation, financial incentives, accommodation incentives, transportation, and changing the structure of treatment centers. The theme of referral motivation includes five general components and twenty-two indicators; the theme of financial incentives includes three general components and fourteen indicators; the theme of accommodation and transportation incentives includes three general components and ten indicators, and the theme of changing the structure of treatment centers includes two general components and fifteen indicators. Finally, the final model of the research was drawn and practical suggestions were presented to the managers of the health and treatment fields in Kermanshah province

Every year, some of the best agricultural lands in the country are changed for various reasons and converted into non-agricultural uses, and the departure of such lands from the field of agricultural and horticultural production causes irreparable damage. In this regard, the present study was conducted qualitatively, using the fundamental theory method with the aim of investigating the causes of land use change in Dashtestan City of Bushehr province. Participants in this study were 16 experts from agricultural centers in the city who were selected for the study through targeted snowball sampling (chain reference). The criterion for the number of samples was theoretical saturation. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. Finally, the collected data were coded and analyzed in the form of 55 concepts and 18 categories. Finally, the extracted factors based on their nature in 8 mechanisms (economic (13 factors), social (7 factors), environmental (9 factors), welfare (8 factors), legal (7 factors), human (4), supportive (2 factors) and psychological (5 factors) were placed in the model of Strauss and Corbin.

The sacred space and the feeling of spirituality are well-understood in mosques as the great examples of Iranian architecture. Unfortunately, the place of the sacred and spiritual sense has been damaged in the creation of the space in some contemporary mosques. Therefore, it seems necessary to pay attention to the sense of spirituality in the architecture of mosques and use valuable models of traditional architecture and understand it. Hence, the aim of this study is to identify the components of the sense of spirituality in the congregational mosques of Iran.

The current research is qualitativein terms of the methodology. The elements creating a sense of spirituality in three mosques of Yazd, Isfahan, and Abbasi were explained using the method of "grounded theory". Data collected through continuous presence of the researcher in the environment and in-depth interviews with 35 experts according to the "constructivist approach" were analyzed in three stages of open, central, and selective coding. NVivo.12 was used for qualitative data analysis, coding and checking the frequency of the extracted codes from interviews.

The feeling of spirituality can be enhanced using the semantic, physical, geometric, and spatial patterns found in the prominent examples of traditional Iranian mosques. 35 interviews were conducted and 225 codes were extracted in the research process. 25 open codes, 11 central codes, and 5 selective codes were extracted through multiple revisions and integration of the codes according to their similarity during several steps.

Five indicators of "unification of components in a meaningful whole", "traditional decorations based on mystical knowledge", "spatial openness and greatness in the body", "meaningful presence of light and creating penumbra", and "centripetal geometry and local symmetry" are the components that give a sense of spirituality to the mosques.

In terms of zoning in terms of natural disasters, Iran is one of the countries Which is located in the most dangerous area of the planet and Annually high natural temperatures impose irreparable human and financial losses on the country. In order to manage accidents in relief organizations in different regions of Iran, Knowledge management is a valuable resource for all organizations, especially service-oriented organizations. Organizations with superior knowledge management systems, they have the ability to coordinate and combine traditional resources and capabilities in new and distinct ways. Providing suitable grounds for the interaction of ideas and gaining new experiences for scientists is the most important condition for the growth of knowledge capital in organizations. The purpose of this study is to design a model of knowledge management in relief organizations with a natural and human disaster management approach. This research in terms of purpose Is development-applied and in terms of nature, Is qualitative-quantitative. The statistical population includes managers and deputies of relief organizations that by purposeful sampling method (snowball), and according to the principle of data adequacy, a total of 16 people were interviewed. The method of analysis is the data theory of the foundation based on a systematic approach. to confirm the model extracted from Delphi method was used and to examine the relationship between them Confirmatory factor analysis method. The obtained results confirm that Causal conditions, including strategic dimension and executive dimension, the central phenomenon is included Knowledge production, knowledge documentation and knowledge utilization, Underlying conditions include the Legal institutions and volunteer institutions, Interfering conditions are included the Resource management and participatory management, Strategies also include managerial and non-managerial dimensions and is the implications of this research on the organizational and extra-organizational dimension. The results of the model fit with Using the factor analysis and SMART-PLS 2 software showed, operating loads were more than 0.5 and The value of t-statistic is greater than 1.96. also All relationships were significant at the 5% error level and Their path coefficients are positive and direct.

The purpose of this research is to design a model of conflict dimensions from the point of view of tourists entering Gilan province and local natives. This research is descriptive and exploratory based on the nature and method of data collection. The statistical population of this research is tourists and residents, and the participation of university experts and cultural heritage and tourism experts with a number of 18 people is also included. The data of the qualitative part was collected using the approach based on classical grounded theory and using semi-structured interviews through purposeful snowball sampling. In the quantitative part, the relationship and significance of the categories were determined with the interpretive structural modeling approach. Based on the obtained results, inflation in the real estate sector, disruption in the transportation system, and cultural differences are the cornerstones of the pattern of tourism conflict dimensions and have a high effect on it. This model can be used to investigate the tourism conflict phenomenon according to the views of different stakeholders, as a reference for tourism development and guidance for managing tourism operations. Also, the problems and shortcomings of tourism development in Gilan province can be changed by increasing or decreasing each of the variables and using the results as a basis for tourism development.

It has been a long time since the city became a tool for capital accumulation, and this accumulation with the built environment management has brought about an open competition for the conquest of space in a fundamental and totalitarian manner. For this reason, the interpretation of urban processes in the context of capital has become a leftist discourse which considers the transformation of the conventional accumulation regime as its goal. The main critique of the political economy of space or the current regime of accumulation is based on the problem of the complete transformation of the living of citizens through the artificial environment, which is considered to be the direct space representation. In this regard, this study tries to challenge the accumulation space in District three of Tehran, establish its nature by Grounded theory and conduct semi-structured interviews. The results of the research, which was extracted based on 17 interviews and a review of 37 articles, show that the consequences of capital space at both micro and macro levels have a special tendency towards generalization and universality, and the division of space is evident. In fact, the structure of capital space in the stage of spatial action began with unequal competition for the conquest of space, and its performance is completely dependent on the structure, according to experts.