واحدهای زیست محیطی

Zoning is a science through which the optimal use of a land is determined based on its ecological, economical, and social characteristics. In many zones of Iran, the use and management of land is carried out without considering its potentials which in turn causes disinvestment and decrease of environmental potentials in metropolises suburbs. Thus the importance of land preparation in urban areas with focus on tourism cannot be ignored since the resorts in these areas are the destinations of the tourists who are going to spend their holidays there to enjoy a less populated environment. The tourists visiting these areas have various motives like sports, entertainment, and recreation. In the present study planning the land use and land preparation map have been investigated using GIS in an area of 184 hectares in Mashhad. In order to prepare the required maps in spatial planning analysis through analytic functions of GIS, all of the maps were mixed and 629 environmental units were determined as the assessors of land use and management. Comparing the various maps led to prioritizing the proposed uses for designing the park. The ecological capability map also show that some areas need protection for which the necessary arrangements should be considered.

Land-use planning is a branch of science which determines the optimal use of land based on the ecologic properties and socio-economic conditions. In most parts of the country, deciding on the land-use and its management has been done with no attention paid to the land’s capabilities which has led to wasting investments and environmental capacities. In this research, land-use management and preparing the land-use planning maps using the special abilities of GIS environments in Mahidasht basin -1380 kilometer squared- was conducted. Employing the existing functions in GIS, the mean sea level maps, the slope percent map, geographic aspects, soil map and vegetation density were dually integrated and at last 577 ecological units were mapped as the task units for assessing the landuse management and utility in the scale of 1:150000. Meanwhile, the climatological prosperities, the soil erosion probability and the type of land-use for every unit have been registered. For such ecological units or wisdom ecosystems, the ecologic power for agricultural, range, forest, aquaculture, tourism and urban expansion were assessed. The land-use planning map for Mahidasht basin was created after investigating the land-use planning and prioritizing the different land-use types based on the qualitative and comparative manner. Comparing the present and future land-use maps revealed that the forest area has expanded to 12% of the optimal land-use comparing the 7% of the present condition. The same analysis for rangeland land-use shows the growth from 12% to 15, and for irrigated farming from 10% to 60%. The Future Ecological Power maps reveal the areas that need to be protected (2% of the total basin), therefore it demands more attention.