چابهار

Today, the growth of urbanization has caused the natural environments around the cities to be destroyed and the environmental hazards have been reduced from the global scale to the local (urban and regional) scale. In this regard, the aim of the current research is to design a suitable pattern to achieve the sustainable development of the urban peripheral areas of Chabahar based on environmental indicators. In terms of purpose, the current research is in applied research, and in terms of method, it is in the framework of descriptive-analytical method, data collection is by field method, and the research tool is questionnaire. The statistical population of the study includes all experts, professors and university researchers related to the research subject in Chabahar, and the sample size was selected based on targeted sampling of 50 people. To analyze the research data, SPSS and AMOS software and structural equation analysis were used to draw a proportional model to achieve sustainable development of urban peripheral areas based on environmental indicators. The results show that environmental conditions have an effect on achieving sustainable development of urban peripheral areas with an impact factor of 0.22 and a significance level of 0.006. Also, environmental resources and services, environmental health and energy have been effective in achieving sustainable development of urban peripheral areas with path coefficients of 0.30, 0.62 and 0.56, respectively, in such a way that environmental health has the most impact and resources and Environmental services have the lowest impact on achieving sustainable development of urban peripheral areas.Today, the growth of urbanization has caused the natural environments around the cities to be destroyed and the environmental hazards have been reduced from the global scale to the local (urban and regional) scale. In this regard, the aim of the current research is to design a suitable pattern to achieve the sustainable development of the urban peripheral areas of Chabahar based on environmental indicators. In terms of purpose, the current research is in applied research, and in terms of method, it is in the framework of descriptive-analytical method, data collection is by field method, and the research tool is questionnaire. The statistical population of the study includes all experts, professors and university researchers related to the research subject in Chabahar, and the sample size was selected based on targeted sampling of 50 people. To analyze the research data, SPSS and AMOS software and structural equation analysis were used to draw a proportional model to achieve sustainable development of urban peripheral areas based on environmental indicators. The results show that environmental conditions have an effect on achieving sustainable development of urban peripheral areas with an impact factor of 0.22 and a significance level of 0.006. Also, environmental resources and services, environmental health and energy have been effective in achieving sustainable development of urban peripheral areas with path coefficients of 0.30, 0.62 and 0.56, respectively, in such a way that environmental health has the most impact and resources and Environmental services have the lowest impact on achieving sustainable development of urban peripheral areas.Today, the growth of urbanization has caused the natural environments around the cities to be destroyed and the environmental hazards have been reduced from the global scale to the local (urban and regional) scale. In this regard, the aim of the current research is to design a suitable pattern to achieve the sustainable development of the urban peripheral areas of Chabahar based on environmental indicators. In terms of purpose, the current research is in applied research, and in terms of method, it is in the framework of descriptive-analytical method, data collection is by field method, and the research tool is questionnaire. The statistical population of the study includes all experts, professors and university researchers related to the research subject in Chabahar, and the sample size was selected based on targeted sampling of 50 people. To analyze the research data, SPSS and AMOS software and structural equation analysis were used to draw a proportional model to achieve sustainable development of urban peripheral areas based on environmental indicators. The results show that environmental conditions have an effect on achieving sustainable development of urban peripheral areas with an impact factor of 0.22 and a significance level of 0.006. Also, environmental resources and services, environmental health and energy have been effective in achieving sustainable development of urban peripheral areas with path coefficients of 0.30, 0.62 and 0.56, respectively, in such a way that environmental health has the most impact and resources and Environmental services have the lowest impact on achieving sustainable development of urban peripheral areas.

The current research has been done with the aim of narrative writing the components of the creative city in order to achieve sustainable security in Chabahar city.

In terms of purpose, the current research is applied and interpretive and analytical in nature, and in terms of method, it is in the group of integrated research (qualitative and quantitative). In order to collect the sample population, a targeted sampling method was used, and finally(15)people were selected as the sample population. In order to analyze the data, the narrative writing method(using MAXQDA software)and the Delphi method and finally the(ANP)model have been used.

Based on the results obtained; Organizing themes including:(development of environmental patterns,development of economic patterns,development of political patterns,development of technological patterns,development of quality of life patterns, development of socio-cultural patterns and innovation) and 54 basic themes were identified from the narratives of experts, In the following, using the Delphi method in two survey stages;The proposed components were approved by experts. Finally, the results of the ranking also indicate that the component of development of economic patterns with a final weight of0.031has the highest level of importance.

sustainable security and creative city have something in common.The goal of urban creativity and sustainable security is the satisfaction of the citizens of Chabahar city and the consequent security for the province. In this regard, the city of Chabahar should be considered as a place of formation of creativity, knowledge, creative and innovative industries and knowledge economy in a stable security path.

Introduction:

One of the basic goals in regional planning and sustainable development is its impact on the local community and ethnic groups, so that if the development plans are in line with the demands (economic, political and social) of the local community. This strategy can play a significant role in strengthening convergence, security and sustainable development at the local and national levels. The main purpose of the current research is to investigate the most important regional requirements in regional development with a focus on the development of Chabahar port. The research shows that the category of regional development in strategic areas cannot be achieved without taking into account the regional requirements and its internal space which lead to the realization of development goals, that is, promotion of security, development and convergence at the local and national level.                                                            

Data gathering procedure is based on library and field findings methods. The concepts were repeated and the subsequent samples did not contain new information. Qualitative method of analysis is used to analyze the data using grounded theory. The interviews were carefully coded, classified, analyzed and interpreted in several stages.

One of the main factors of the presence of regionalist tendencies in the southeast region and the lack of government attention to solve the existing challenges of the people is the dominance of the security view over other views of governance. Based on the analysis of research findings and interviews, the basic preconditions in the development of Chabahar are to pay attention to strengthening the security of the region in the southeast of the country with scientific strategies and policies and in accordance with local demands and national identity. The government has a direct and fundamental role in creating regional security for the development of Chabahar. In such a way that the strategies and policy-making should lead to the creation of constructive interaction between the national government and the local community, the satisfaction of the local community, social cohesion and national convergence.Development thinkers consider the participation of social groups in development programs and competent management for guidance and leadership as one of the most important platforms for balanced and fair development in any social system. Based on the analysis of research findings and interviews, the design of plans and policies in the development of Chabahar should promote the participation of the local community (elite chieftains, maulvis and elders, academics and educated people of the southeast) in planning and decision making.In the current situation and the trend of population growth in Chabahar, most of the new settlements, especially in the free zone, are inhabited by non-native and prosperous people, and the more we move towards the outskirts of the city, the Baluch tribes live in poor standards of living. In the current situation, although with the establishment of Chabahar commercial-industrial free zone, capacities for development have been created, but due to the fact that this free zone lacked long-term planning and social connections from the beginning, undesirable economic, social and physical phenomena, including separation have brought social selection and unbalanced development.Considering the location and identity of the Baluch people in the southeast region and Sistan and Baluchistan province, the separation of Makran and Chabahar regions in the form of the creation of the new Chabahar province leads to skepticism, mistrust and the reaction of elites (Majlis representatives, clerics, generals, etc.) And this situation is not in favor of the central government. This issue can lead to tension and insecurity in the southeast region and slow down the development process of Chabahar. Also, the creation of Makran province centered on the city of Chabahar and the port of Chabahar take the attention and support from the central government and absolute centralism in the long term considering the weaknesses in budget distribution, lack of goal-oriented planning and the international capacities of the Makran and Chabahar region.Regional development programs such as Chabahar Free Zone programs have not had a serious and tangible impact in different sectors (economic, health, education and infrastructure) in Chabahar city and the region. This situation has caused various challenges such as dissatisfaction with the government, spread of informal jobs, unemployment, marginalization, etc. The regional development plans and the development of Chabahar should be designed and formulated in such a way that it leads to the promotion and progress of various sectors of the province's development (economic, health, education, sports and infrastructure).

The results of the research showed that the category of regional development in strategic areas and different from the main body of the government, regardless of the requirements of its internal space, especially in the cultural (ethnic-religious) dimension, cannot achieve the main goals of development, i.e. improving security, national development and survival. The development of Chabahar port, as the country's only oceanic port on the shores of the Sea of ​​Oman and the Indian Ocean is an outstanding plan in enhancing Iran's geopolitical weight at the local, national and international levels. Based on the interpretation and analysis of the research findings, the realization of Chabahar's regional development goals and the actualization of its valuable capacities require attention to its regional requirements: regional security category, regional participation category, spatial justice, political trust, balanced and network development, stability of political divisions, category of ethnic cohesion, category of infrastructural development.

Drug trafficking is one of the threats to national security, which endangers human security in addition to economic and cultural security. Chabahar Naval Base, as one of the sources of drug smuggling to the country, has requirements to deal with these threats. The purpose of this research is to achieve the requirements of this base to carry out the mentioned mission. The present applied research is a survey descriptive research in its nature. The participants in this research are working experts and a group of specialists, experts, commanders, deputies, and managers of border guard of Sistan and Baluchistan province and Chabahar naval base. In this research, sampling was done purposefully. The data was collected using the in-depth interview tool and theoretical and thematic saturation was reached in the 15th person. After conducting the interview and its implementation, the statistical themes were reviewed by two other coders and common or similar themes were used in order to have the required reliability. To achieve the objective of the research, 181 basic themes were categorized into 30 organizing themes and 5 comprehensive themes, including "intelligence", "operational", "support", "management", and "human resource empowerment" requirements. Chabahar Naval Base and I.R.I. Border Guard, in one hand, should have the necessary planning to install new equipment and equip the base with observation, monitoring and information gathering technologies, and on the other hand, by taking the necessary measures, provide means to improve the morale and motivation of the employees to work together. The placement of these two important elements will enable the complete and optimal execution of the mission.

Today, with the increasing growth of urbanization and the formation of new dimensions of urban growth over the last few decades, has caused the city and contemporary urban planning, Face new challenges. Establishment of industries and establishment of workshop-industrial activities in the form of settlements in the urban peripheral areas, It is one of the phenomena that has had various consequences. Therefore, the aim of this study is to Analysis of physical-economic effects of industrial-workshop clusters in Urban Peripheral Areas (Case study: Chabahar city(. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in nature and method. The data required for the research were collected by documentary-field method (questionnaire and observation). In order to analyze the data, SPSS software (t-test) and gray Aras and fuzzy Aras models were used. The results of one-sample t-test showed, in all items studied, due to the high average (3) and significance level (0.000), industrial-workshop clusters have a significant impact on the dimensions (physical, economic) of urban peripheral areas. The results of Aras fuzzy model showed that in the physical dimension, the index of access to urban services with a weight of 0.453 and in the economic dimension, the job index with a weight of 0.426, have the highest weight. Finally, the results of spatial analysis of urban peripheral areas with emphasis on the role of industrial-workshop clusters with a focus on economic and physical development using the gray Aras model showed that Ramin village is a priority.

A large part of our country has an arid and semi-arid climate due to being located in the desert belt of the world, and because of this it receives little rainfall (one third of the world average rainfall), which also has severe rainfall in different years. Drought is a phenomenon that occurs at least once a year as a result of reduced rainfall in different parts of the world, and if agriculture cannot resist this phenomenon, famine will occur. Numerous indicators are used to monitor drought as indicators of drought around the world. In this study, SPI index has been used to study drought and wetlands in Chahbahar city. To conduct this research and with the aim of analyzing precipitation and determining dry and wet years, monthly precipitation data of Chahbahar Synoptic Meteorological Station in a period of 34 years (2018-1985) have been used. The results of this study show that in 6 months of the year, from December to the end of May, most years of drought have occurred and the drought situation is mild, mild. Also, in 6 months of the year, from June to the end of November, the situation of Chahbahar city is in normal conditions and no drought has occurred in this part of the year. The results also show that the number of wetlands in Chahbahar is less than droughts, but unlike droughts, they occur in all months of the year except May, and January with 10 wet years, 13 drought years and 11 The year of normal conditions is the most volatile month of the year. Also, 1997, 2007 and 2008 were the wettest years during the period under review.

Free trade-industrial zones as a stimulus for economic development in many countries ultimately leads to the development and social welfare of the people of the region. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the effects of free trade-industrial zone on the social justice in Chabahar city. The present analytical research was an applied research in terms of purpose and it was a survey research in terms of the method. Data collection was done in two ways: library studies and field studies (questionnaire). The statistical population included residents of Chabahar (106739 people) from which 382 people were selected as the sample using the Cochran's formula. The questionnaires were distributed in the four districts of Chabahar city in terms of population ratio. Data were analyzed using (SPSS), (AMOS) and Combined Human Development Index (HDI). The results of the Spearman correlation test showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between the free trade-industrial zone variable and the dimension social justice at 99% confidence level. The results of regression analysis showed that 95% of the changes in the dependent variable (social justice) is explained by the independent variable (free trade-industrial zone). Also, the results of the structural model of the research using AMOS software indicated that the relationships between social justice indicators are significant. Finally, the results of the Combined Human Development Index (HDI) showed that among the four districts of Chabahar city, the second district with a rate of (81.4) is in a semi-privileged condition; it is in a better condition than other districts.

Today, societies are moving towards the electronic world. Therefore, considering the free tradeindustrial zones, they can play an important role as a gateway for countries in increasing exports, developing employment, attracting domestic and foreign investments, and sustainable spatial development in the region. Having information and communication technology infrastructure can play a role. Play a great role in the development of these places. In this regard, the purpose of this study is to investigate the characteristics of the electronic city and its place in the development of free trade ports in Chabahar. The approach governing the research space is quantitative and the type of research is applied. The research method is descriptive-analytical and based on field research and a questionnaire. The statistical population of this study includes the citizens of Chabahar. The sample size of Cochran's formula was 384 people. Path analysis and one-sample t-test were used to analyze the data. The results of one-sample t-test showed that the rate of citizens' use of e-city indicators with an average of 3٫38 is higher than the desired situation. Also, information technology has had a significant impact on the development of Chabahar free ports in the social dimension with an average of 3٫22, in economic development with an average of 3٫40 and in the physical development of Chabahar port with an average of 3٫33. In order to investigate the most important effects of e-city indicators in Chabahar Free Trade Zone, path analysis test has been used. The results showed that among the proposed indicators, private sector investment indicators with a beta coefficient of 0٫564, trade development index in national and international areas with a beta coefficient of 0٫765, revenue growth index from The activities of the free zone with a beta coefficient of 0٫123, the index of increasing productive and permanent employment with a beta coefficient of 0٫154, the facilitation and development of exports and attracting foreign capital with a beta coefficient of 0٫234, have had direct effects. However, the greatest impact on the trade development index is in the national and international spheres.

Today, tourism is the most important economic activity in the world on the one hand and the most important scientific issue on the other hand. Therefore, policies, strategies, and tourism planning are important intellectual challenges of the human community. The length of the Gulf of Oman in the southeast of Balochistan is wide. The present study is an applied research in terms of its purpose and descriptive-analytical based on the nature and method. Its sample size has been determined based on Cochran's formula of 384 people. The general results of the research confirm that the infrastructure and facilities in the study area have favorable growth only in small parts of the region while they have not been very desirable in other parts. Also, with 95% confidence it can be said that transportation, welfare and hospitality facilities, tourism infrastructure intermediary services, etc. have all significant effect on the development of tourism in Makran beaches.

Today, one of the most important issues that should be considered when designing and planning cities to ensure the safety and security of citizens and reduce the crisis in cities, is to consider the principles of passive defense to reduce the destructive effects of crises. Passive defense is a suitable platform for security and sustainable development of the country and one of the most effective and sustainable defense methods for arranging infrastructures. In this regard, the purpose of the present study is to identify a set of effective barriers for adopting the passive defense principles in arrangement of infrastructure facilities of urban peripheral areas in Chabahar.

The present research is an applied study in terms of purpose, and in terms of method uses ground theory method, which is both qualitative and quantitative. In order to analyze the information, the grounded theory method and FARAS model were used. The study used a purposive method to the point of theatrical saturation. A total of 20 in-depth interviews were conducted.

From the results of interviews with experts 63 concepts, 20 semantic units and 10 categories(Lack of policy and decision-making, lack of design and planning, lack of specialized and efficient manpower, lack of monitoring of passive defense principles when locating, financial weakness of organizations, lack of integrated and decentralized management, lack of use of new science and technology for defense such as GIS, insufficient training, lack of knowledge of passive defense topics, lack of documentation, lack of passive defense considerations) were extracted. Finally, the results of FARAS model showed that the category (lack of adequate training with a weight of (0.479), have the highest importance from the perspective of experts.

All development programs will be still undesirable and problematic unless these obstacles are removed for the passive defense principles. The principles of passive defense need to go further than just theories to get practical output in this urban peripheral area.

According to many experts in the field of geopolitics, international political economy and international relations, a large part of economic and trade exchanges and overall economic concentration in the world is moving to South Asia and the Pacific; The main purpose of this article is to examine the geopolitical rivalries in the South Asian region with emphasis on the Chabahar coast of Iran and Gwadar of Pakistan. The main question of the article is what are the most important geopolitical competitions in the South Asian region with emphasis on the coasts of Chabahar in Iran and Gwadar in Pakistan? The method of this article is qualitative. The method of collecting information is qualitative. The method of analyzing descriptive information is analytical. The results of the article show that in the meantime, the two major economic powers of South Asia, namely China and India, which are growing economically every day and of course increasing the need for energy and consumer markets, seek to achieve strategically and geopolitically important regions for development. They are on their side. Access to Central Asia and the Persian Gulf is an important goal for China and India. In this regard, the willingness of these two countries to invest in the coasts of the Indian Ocean and the Sea of ​​Oman and even the Persian Gulf is significant. At present, these countries are seeking to develop the infrastructure of the ports of Pakistan's Gwadar, Iran's Chabahar and the Oman Desert.

Chabahar is the only Iranian ocean port, one of the key positions on the margin of the Gulf and the Oman Sea, and has an important place in the North-South Corridor. This port is located on the transit path of the East, and has various economic and geographic urgent emergencies in transit. In general, the actualization of such a potential can, in addition to the functions and enhancement of the role of the macro geo-economic creation in the region, according to the vital needs of land enclosed countries in Iran's surrounding areas, can also be a kind of regional convergence. For example, Iran can achieve significant influence on the surrounding areas, especially Central Asia and Afghanistan using geopolitical and geo-economical potentials. Thus, the research question is that; does Chabahar have the potential for helping the country in the hard-working conditions? The findings of the research show that economic bonds are based on geographical and geopolitical infrastructure for countries that are under international sanctions. Iran can provide part of its strategic needs through the capacities that have gathered interest with neighbors and other countries. Also, economic dependence is based on the common needs of land enclosed countries to Iran, Chabahar’s geography and economic ties of the region, new Hartland in Asian, geopolitics of North and southern Iran in creating a two-way trading network, Chabahar Free Zone and Iran's links with neighbors and .. A major obstacle to the efficiency of international sanctions is especially US sanctions. This research has been studied using descriptive-analytical method, as well as the use of library resources (books, articles) and Internet resources and using geographic maps.

In recent years, across the city of Chabahar, we have witnessed and implemented various types of projects, many of which have been without the need for ecological and ecological capability of the area, which has created environmental crises at the coastal level, within The city has been.The assessment of ecological capability, in the sense of "measuring the potential of the land by specific criteria", has been considered as the most important tool and factor for achieving sustainable development. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the status of Chabahar urban areas in terms of ecological criteria. The present study is a descriptive-analytic one in terms of methodology. The statistical population of the study included residents of Chabahar city (106.739) according to the 2016 census. The data collection tool was a 35-item questionnaire whose face validity was confirmed by several experts and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha of 0.83.For spatial analysis and spatial analysis of research findings, ARC GIS SPSS and MATLAB software and Mamdani Fuzzy and VIKOR Fuzzy models were used. The results indicated that, in the four districts of Chabahar, the current ecological situation was in a relatively moderate position, with a large number of principles being considered. This value for area 1 is 0.71, which is the average level, for area 2 is 0.64 which indicates a low level of development, for area 3 is 0.54 which indicates a low level of development. The data for area 4 is equal to 0.79, which indicates a high level. Accordingly, Area 4 is in the best condition, and Area 3 is in the worst situation.

Today, the economic status of cities determines the future of cities and the economic future of the world, especially the developing world. Economic factors and variables have a major impact on the formation and form of the city, determining the physical characteristics, size, scope and etc, they have a city. Awareness of the structure and workings of the economy of a city, for planning at any level, including urban, Regional and national and land use analysis is necessary. In this regard, the purpose of this study is to analyze the economic status of Chabahar city and its impact on the dimensions of sustainability (social and cultural, economic, physical and spatial and health) in urban areas. The approach governing the research space is qualitative and quantitative and the type of research is applied. Morris Davis and Fuzzy TOPSIS multi-criteria models were used for data analysis. The results of Maurice Davis model showed that areas (1 and 4) with coefficients obtained between 0.5 to 0.8, in the group of moderate stability areas and areas (2 and 3), have higher coefficients and They are in the group of high stability. Finally, the results of fuzzy TOPSIS model showed that among the studied areas in Chabahar, area 2 with a distance from the ideal solution of 2.80, a distance from the anti-ideal solution of 2.79, and a similarity index of 0.67, the highest rate. It is influenced by the economic position of Chabahar.

Coastlines are defined as the contact line between land and water body and have strategic natural, social and economic importance. One of the most important features of coastal areas is their dynamics. These dynamics lead to advances and regressions along the coastline and lead to erosion and sedimentation in the coastal regions. Coastline changes are one of the significant threats to coastlines. The study area of this research is on the southeastern coast of Makran and between Chabahar and Quatre Bay. This region is of special strategic importance today. The study area is divided into three geomorphological units of marine terraces, sandy beaches, and coastal barriers. The rate and trend of shoreline changes in each of these units were investigated to determine the stability of each geomorphological unit and evaluate and suggest suitable areas for future development. In addition, the future trend of changes in this regionchr('39')s sensitive and strategic areas in some important parts of this region in the next 10 and 20 years will be evaluated.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the changes in coastlines of the study area. Hence, shoreline changes through shoreline monitored between 1989 and 2020 using Landsat (TM) satellite data (1989, 1995 and 2010, ETM for 2001 and OLI 2015). The extracted shorelines were entered into DSAS software, and shoreline changes were evaluated in this system in ArcGIS software. In this study, endpoint rate (ERP), linear regression rate (LRR), shoreline displacement rate (NSM), and shoreline average change (SCE) indices were evaluated. In addition, the prediction of shoreline changes was examined in the next 10 and 20 years in areas of great importance for development.

 Results :

One of the purposes of studying coastline changes is to study the sustainability of the coastline to plan for coastal development. Identifying stable and unstable areas along the coastline allows planners to identify areas that have the potential for development in terms of establishing coastal structures and minimizing the risk of future natural damage to coastal structures. Therefore, the study of coastline changes is one of the important parameters in these programs. This study was examined separately to analyze better the shoreline changes in each of the geomorphological units. The average changes were prepared according to LRR, EPR, NSM, and SCE values ​​in each unit. The results show that the highest amount of shoreline changes is observed in the coastal barriers of the study area. The average rate of change in coastal barriers in the LRR index in coastal barriers is 2.75 meters per year, which shows the ratio of sandy beaches (0.03 meters per year) and high beaches (0.11 meters per year) is very high. In addition, according to the NSM index, maximum advance (399.55 m) and the highest regression (725 m) can be seen in the geomorphological unit of coastal barriers, while the average values ​​of NSM on the sandy beach for shoreline are 103.7. the maximum regression rate is about 49.5 meters between 1989 and 2020. In addition, the NSM index values ​​for the terraces beaches are 36 meters forward and 41 meters backward, respectively.

Changes and instability of coastlines are some of the major challenges that planners face in developing coastal structures, and not paying attention to these changes in the past and its future trend can impose irreparable damage to development projects. The present study was conducted in a very important area of ​​Chabahar to Goater to evaluate the stability of coastlines using periodic satellite data and DSAS tools. The results showed that the NDWI index separates the water area from the land better than other indicators. This study showed that the analysis of shoreline changes in the coastal region could be more accurate when geomorphological units in the coastal zone are separated and shoreline changes in these areas are evaluated. The results show that the two coastal areas and sandy beaches are relatively stable. Thet changes have occurred in sand dams, which can be attributed to the simultaneous effect of morphodynamic factors of land and sea in this area. Therefore, in the development of beaches and the establishment of coastal structures, coasts have risen, and also sandy beaches can be among the priorities of coastal planners in these areas. In addition, the structures constructed in the coastal zone have greatly impacted changing and intensifying the processes of erosion and sedimentation. Its example can be seen well in the port of Chabahar and Beris, which can cause problems in the future in the field of exploitation. It created ports.

Chabahar as a deep-sea port is located near the Oman Sea. Chabahar’s location is very important for many countries such as India. India and Iran in 2003 singed the “New Delhi Declaration”. The declaration was about a lot of issues like investment, South-North Corridor and trade. One of the most important issues in this declaration was India and Iran’s plan for developing the Chabahar port. But after two decades, the Chabahar agreement in 2016 was signed and ratified, though after two years the progress has been very slow. In short, despite Iran and India's willingness to develop the Chabahar port, their cooperation in this port has had its ups and downs and has not yet reached a definite end. With this introduction, the question is that, given the delay in the development of Chabahar port, what are the obstacles to cooperation between the two countries, and what are the goals of Iran and India for the development of the Chabahar port and whether the goals of the two countries are overlapped. So, the main question of the paper is that what are the main reasons for delaying India's investment project in Chabahar (from 2003 to 2019) and what is the prospect of cooperation between the two countries in Chabahar port?

By applying a conceptual as well as theoretical framework using the geopolitics and geo-economics literature, the research is mainly based on a descriptive-analytic method. The data gathering procedure is based on library findings and interviews.

From the geo-economic aspect, Iran and India have common goals. Both countries want to use Chabahar port as a commercial and transit hub. India seeks to facilitate its access to central Asia and Afghanistan’s markets and resources, and Iran has been trying to attract FDI and access to more markets. On the other hand, conflicting geopolitical goals seems to be a main hindrance for India and Iran’s cooperation in Chabahar port. Iran is trying to use the port as a tool to confront the US in the region. India as other partner wants to use the port against China and Pakistan. Iran does not want to strain its relation with China and Pakistan, and India has good relation with the US and two countries in some areas have strategic cooperation. From Iran’s aspect, it does not want to use its port against its real friends. For Iran, China and Pakistan are good friends in the South and East Asia and thus wants to develop its relationship with them. In this regard, we cannot see a tangible accomplishment in the near future for both countries in Chabahar port.

If India and Iran don’t change their view of Chabahar from a geopolitical to a geo-economical port, we possibly will not see any progress in their cooperation in Chabahar port in near future. They should use Chabahar as an economic tool to increase economic interactions in Central, South and West Asia. Iran needs to invite other states like South Korea and Japan to invest in the port. And at the end, Iran should increase economic choices for countries that participate in the port like India and Afghanistan

The study area is located in the north of the Oman Sea and southeast of Iran in Sistan and Baluchestan province. The Makran Trench is the physiographic expression of a subduction zone along the northeastern margin of the Oman Sea adjacent to the southwestern coast of Baluchestan of Pakistan and the southeastern coast of Iran. Numerous geomorphological landscapes such as cliffs, Omega and U-shaped bays, erosion columns, various faults and so on have been formed in a beautiful and unique way in the region. In this region the oceanic crust of the Indian Ocean Plate is being subducted beneath the continental crust of the Makran Plate. Makran is one of the largest accretionary wedges on the globe. The study area between latitudes 25 ̊ to 25̊ and 45̍ north and longitude 56 ̊, 45̍ lengths up to 61̊, 52̍ north of the Sea of Oman and the north-eastern Sistan-Baluchestan province is located. The study area is located in the external part, the structure of the Makran coastal land area larger than the selected range. In the Makran region, the Arabian Plate subducts beneath the Eurasian Plate at ~4 cm/yr. This subduction is associated with an accretionary wedge of sediments which has developed since the Cenozoic To the west, the Makran Trench is connected by the Minab Fault system to the Zagros fold and thrust belt. The Makran accretionary complex is characterized by a number of features associated with escaping water and methane. Mud volcanoes are found onshore in both Iran and Pakistan, and cold seeps exist offshore for example Tang Mud volcano. The formation of an island (Zalzala Jazeera) after the 2013 Baluchestan earthquakes is thought to be the result of a mud volcano. Extreme coastal inundation associated with the 2004 Indian Ocean and 1945 Makran tsunamigenic–earthquakes highlight the risk of Tsunamis to coastlines of the northern Oman Sea (Vaziri et al., 2019).

In this research have been used the methods of Office and library studies, Field Studies (photographed and documented in structural geology features, 85 thin sections and 62 washed samples that were collected in the study areas), Laboratory studies [Thin sections were stained using Alizarin Red S (Dickson, 1966) and were studied using standard petrographic microscope techniques. Carbonate rocks were classified according to Dunham’s carbonate classification (1962), and siliciclastic rocks were classified using Folk’s classification (1980). At this point, a set of 85 samples, 62 thin sections were studied to determine the lithofacies. In each of the thin, skeletal and non-skeletal components were identified and the percentage of each constituent grains major and minor chart using comparative Flugel (2010), respectively. As well as 23 samples of sediments were paleontological studies. On the basis of petrographic studies classification of carbonate rocks by Dunham’s method and nomination of microfacies by Flugel’s classification was done and three basic microfacies have been identified. Based on the identification of different lithofacies and interpretation of their depositional environments. We applied the concepts that were developed by many workers to determine sequence boundaries, depositional sequences and system tracts] and Data analysis, interpretation and conclusions: The initial processing by computer skills such as Excel and final processing using software was computed. Sea level positions were interpreted for the Pleistocene interval based on lithofacies variations with the sequence stratigraphic framework established in this study.

The rock types are siltstone, sandstone, conglomerate and lumachelle and limestone. Strata of the Makran Formation are subdivided into two major carbonate lithofacies and two siliciclastic lithofacies. Based on skeletal grains and the amounts of micrite, the sediments deposited in the lithofacies of the sandy packstone to siltstone lithofacies were deposited in relatively deep water, below fair-weather wave base under low-energy environmental (Open-Marine) conditions. The presence bioclastic debris of stenohaline indicate that sandy grainstone were deposited in an upper shoreface setting. Plotting the interpreted relative water depths vs. Stratigraphic position for each occurrence of each subfacies shows a predictable stacking pattern that formed coarsening upward cycles. These meter-scale shallowing-upward cycles in the Pleistocene interval formed in response to sea level fluctuations coupled with subsidence due to both sediment loading and tectonic movements. Because of terrigenous influx, siliciclastic sandstone and siltstone were deposited in the dominantly carbonate-producing area, formed a mixed siliciclastic-carbonate sequence. At times when the siliciclastic point sources were shifted far to the south carbonate deposition reestablished itself in southeastern Iran.

Makran is a constant competition between tectonic processes and erosion processes, shaping the geomorphological changes of the region (such as erosion columns, folds, cliffs, bad land, Omega bays, sand dunes, dissolution cavities, taphoni cavities, coastal falls and so on). The presence of several mud volcano in Makran accretionary complex with special features in the coastal areas of Iran and Pakistan shows the effect of active tectonics on the geomorphology of the study area. Due to the increase in sediment thickness from west to east, increase in subduction rate of Makran zone, coastal uplift and faulting of coastal barracks and the entry of destructive sediments and the direction of old flow in sedimentary structures, it seems that the origin of clastic grains in the north It is a study that reduces the amount of detrital particles and creates conditions for the sedimentation of carbonates. Therefore, the coastal sedimentary model is proposed for Pleistocene sediments that have been deposited under dual conditions in terms of sedimentary environment energy. These geomorphological changes are caused by regional sea level changes, sedimentation process, the tectonic process caused by subduction of oceanic and continental plates, relative sea level changes and evidence-based climate change due to evidence-based glacial and interglacial periods.

Abstracttoday, free zones are considered as a pervasive phenomenon and a tool for the implementation of development strategies. The purpose of creating such areas is to provide suitable conditions for increasing production, creating jobs And Economic prosperity growth areas And the Peripheral villages. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to The Effects of Chabahar city location with focus (Special Economic Zone In the economic - physical development of Peripheral villages. The research method of this research is analytical. Data collection has been done in two ways: documentary and field (questionnaire). For the data analysis software SPSS, Expert choice, and was ELECTRE model. The results of one-sample t-test showed that the city of Chabahar with a focus (special economic zone) on the economic and physical development of rural areas with 95% confidence is statistically effective. Also, the results of Spearman correlation test, considering the significance level of 0.000, indicate a significant relationship between the economic-physical development of Peripheral villages and Chabahar city with the focus on special economic zone. Furthermore, the findings of determining the weight of indicators using the Expert Choice software method showed that employment and income indicators with a weight of 0.226, the highest rank and service index with a weight of 0.053, have the lowest rank in the economic and physical development of Peripheral villages. The results of ELECTRE model showed that among Peripheral villages, Tis and Moradabad villages have the highest amount of economic and physical impact from Chabahar city with emphasis on special economic zone.