anp

Floods are one of the natural phenomena that can cause significant damage to infrastructure, farmlands, and the environment. This phenomenon primarily occurs due to heavy rainfall, snowmelt, or a combination of these factors. Therefore, the aim of this study is to map flood hazard zones and examine their relationship with land use using the Analytic Network Process (ANP) model in the Razi Chay watershed in Ardabil Province.

In this study, data from Landsat 8 satellite imagery from 2022, a 30-meter ASTER DEM map, a 1:50,000 scale topographic map, a 1:250,000 scale geological map, and other detailed information of the studied watershed were utilized. Ten parameters influencing flood occurrence were analyzed, including elevation, slope, slope aspect, vegetation cover, geological formations, distance from the river, flow direction, land use, precipitation, and drainage density. The Analytic Network Process (ANP) model was employed to determine the importance of each variable.

Among the studied parameters, slope (with a weight of 30%), elevation (with a weight of 21%), and land use (with a weight of 17%) were assigned the highest weights, indicating their significant influence in controlling flood occurrence in the Razi Chay watershed. The results show that approximately 36% of the Razi Chay watershed falls within high-risk and very high-risk zones. These areas are typically located in the lower part of the watershed, often at the confluence of the two main streams. Considering the spatial distribution of settlements in the region, it can be concluded that most of the settlements in the lower part of the watershed are exposed to flood risks

Idealism for urban living necessitates the establishment of infrastructure and a platform that considers all stakeholders, including managers, planners, and citizens, regardless of their social and economic backgrounds, social class, gender, etc. This concept is encapsulated in the notion of the right to the city. However, implementing this concept can pose challenges in smaller cities with more unfavorable conditions. Hence, this research aims to introduce a model for actualizing the right to the city based on the Analytical Network Process (ANP) in the rural cities of western Mazandaran. The current study is categorized as applied research. The statistical population for this study comprised urban experts (chosen through the Delphi technique with a sample size of 25). Alongside on-site observations, information was gathered utilizing the fundamental maps of the country's mapping organization and studies focusing on the three cities of Baldeh, Kejur, and Pol (Kham-shahrs in the western part of Mazandaran province). The Analytical Network Process (ANP) method was employed to process and analyze the data, leading to the extraction of a balanced supermatrix using the Super Decision software. Following various steps, the final priorities of indicators and options for realizing the right to the city were determined. The results of the network analysis (ANP) of the dimensions of realizing the right to the city in the western cities of Mazandaran province indicate that the physical-biological dimension holds the highest weight and importance (0.1970). It is trailed by the economic dimension (0.1725) and the social and cultural dimensions (with a final weight of 0.0847). Among the criteria for realizing the right to the city in the western cities of Mazandaran province, the right to self-determination carries the most significance with a weight of 0.1461, followed by environmental rights (0.0943) and the right to a sustainable city economy (0.0840).

Housing has long been one of the most basic necessities of human comfort. With the passage of time, cultural ideas have played a significant role in the construction and development of that map, and in a way, the housing body of any culture is considered to be a reflection of its identity, but unfortunately, with the influence and dominance of non-Islamic and Iranian cultures, some cities in the country, especially the metropolis, have been more affected. Is. Now, in order to provide a proper answer to this problem in our country, in this research, with the aim of strengthening the historical, cultural and physical identity of Iranian-Islamic houses in the old and new contexts, we are investigating the two neighborhoods of Mansour and Elahia. First, the indicators collected from the verses and hadiths and related sources and the questionnaires were analyzed using the multi-criteria evaluation model of the network analysis process (ANP) and TOPSIS. The results of the analysis of the indicators in the neighborhoods show that, in general, the Elahia neighborhood is in more favorable conditions than the Mansour neighborhood in terms of Iranian-Islamic indicators. Also, by examining the results of the analysis of the indicators in the neighborhoods, the resistance and safety index are in a relatively favorable situation, and the facade indicators, lack of aristocracy, and neighbor satisfaction are in a relatively unfavorable situation in terms of attention in the neighborhoods.

Today, the issue of land subsidence has emerged as a significant and critical factor jeopardizing both surface and subsurface structures within the nation, particularly in the northwest region. This situation necessitates the preservation of such infrastructures. Considering the vast expanse of the electricity distribution network in East Azerbaijan Province—encompassing an area of 45,000 square kilometers, a network length of 26,000 kilometers, and serving 930 thousand subscribers—the apprehensions regarding the existence of potential risks are justified. This extensive network is deemed one of the most sensitive and essential assets within the province in relation to the occurrence of land subsidence. Given this high level of sensitivity, it becomes imperative to identify regions susceptible to subsidence and to assess the vulnerability of the electricity distribution networks while implementing necessary measures to enhance resilience against this phenomenon. The objective of this research is to delineate the vulnerable regions. Conversely, land subsidence poses threats to power grid installations within East Azerbaijan Province. In this study, ArcGIS 10.7 and Super Decision software were employed to generate the information layers; furthermore, to ensure appropriate homogeneity among the various layers, the input data was standardized, and the Analytical Network Process (ANP) was utilized. The findings of the research indicate the existence of areas characterized by a high risk of subsidence, covering an expanse of 1,981 square kilometers, alongside regions with an exceedingly high risk of subsidence, encompassing 268 square kilometers, extending from the northwest to the southeast of the province (including the cities of Marand, Shabestar, Tabriz, Bostan Abad, Mirage, and the central area). Additionally, in the southwestern municipalities of the province (namely Banab, Malekan, and Ajabshir), there are hazardous zones where the threat of subsidence and potential damage to electrical installations necessitate serious consideration. An examination of the maps and data further reveals that a majority of groundwater extraction wells are situated in high-risk areas with considerable density. Investigations also indicate that agricultural activities predominantly characterize land use in high-risk areas, wherein the most significant drop in groundwater levels has been observed. In this investigation, by superimposing the province's power transmission network map with the final subsidence risk zoning map, it was ascertained that portions of the province's power grid facilities are located within high-risk zones concerning land subsidence.

The growing population and development of cities along rivers in the area of canals and their blockage have created flood-prone areas and increased the damage caused by it. The purpose of this study is to zoning flood risk in the city of Maragheh . have been used criteria, the distance from the river, distance from drainage lines, population density, residential density, slope, dem, aspect, land use. the layers were weighted by network analysis Process (ANP) method using Super Decisions software. According to the coefficients obtained in the ANP model, the waterway factor with a coefficient of 0/7500 had the highest value and the land use factor with a coefficient of 0/0895 had the lowest value for creating floods, and then all layers were fuzzy in GIS environment and with weight Hanging the layers and combining them by gamma method, the final flood zoning plan was prepared. Based on the results, areas with very high flood risk in the city center along the Sufi Chai River with an area of 3/126 hectares. They are located in areas 1, 2 and 3 and areas with low flood risk in the outskirts of the city with an area of 13/595 hectares in areas 5 and 7, respectively. The results from integration of ANP and Fuzzy models, as approved in previuos studies, indicate their high efficiency in identifying the areas with high flood risk. Therefore, it is essential to consider the zoning layers in planinig proceses, particularly rsik assessment

 Saqezchi-Chay watershed is important because of suitable ecological factors, high plant and animal production, and a water reservoir dam in the outlet part of this watershed. However, it is heavily used, overgrazed, and degraded. Therefore, this research aimed to locate different watershed management operations using a multi-criteria approach and compare AHP and ANP decision support methods in the geographic information system environment at the level of the Saqezchi-Chay watershed.

 The research criteria and sub-criteria include soil (depth and texture), climate (climate type and precipitation amount), land use and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), hydrological factors and soil protection (sedimentation rate, and curve number), topography (elevation, slope, and aspect), and economic and social (distance from the village, distance from the road and distance from the spring) were selected. Expert judgments for weighting were collected through a questionnaire in the field with a statistical population of 29 experts and academic staff members.

 The results of this research showed that the spatial prioritization of planting and pitting operations by the ANP method has a significant correlation with the AHP method at the 95% level and with an intensity of 0.937 and 0.957, respectively.

 According to the field visit and the evaluation of the success of the executive operations in the watershed, the ANP method prioritizes more accuracy and resolution due to its network nature and increasing the range of changes.

Innovation:

 In this research, an attempt has been made to develop a new operational framework for extracting and introducing different watershed projects based on information-based methods and mapping and using the AHP and ANP frameworks by removing expert opinions (especially when the expert does not have enough experience) to choose the best project in the best place.

Flood is one of the most destructive weather hazards in the world. The frequent occurrence of urban floods has affected public safety and limited the sustainable development of the social economy. The present study was conducted with the aim of preparing a flood intensity zoning map and analyzing its relationship with vegetation in Qirokarzin city in Fars province. For this purpose, after reviewing various sources, by introducing five effective criteria in the occurrence of floods, which were repeated in other researches in this field, the factors of height, slope, and distance from the river, topographic index and height of runoff were selected as effective factors. By using the method of network analysis process (ANP) in Super decision software, weighting and then using the simple weighted sum method, the final map has been obtained. In this regard, vegetation changes have been obtained using Landsat images in 2000 and 2021 and NDVI index. The results showed that the most effective criterion was the topographic index and Qirokarzin city was located in five zones of very low, low, medium, high and very high risk of flooding, among which 1849/6 square kilometer (54.8%) of Qirokarzin city were in the zone with the risk of flooding is very high. also, the analysis of vegetation changes showed that despite the development of agriculture and horticulture and the resulting relative improvement of the average values of the NDVI index, in the upper reaches of the watersheds of this city, the vegetation cover of forest and pasture lands has decreased significantly, and finally the effects of this problem lead to residential areas and agricultural and horticultural lands in 2021 compared to 2000 are located in areas with high flood potential with a higher percentage, this issue can confirm that the protection of land use in the upstream area is in accordance with to what extent can the policy of maintaining the existing cover and developing vegetation covers by using plants that have high soil protection value play a role in mitigating and suppressing the flooding of the downstream lands.

Today, burying waste is the most common method in many countries due to its lower cost and the existence of a wider spectrum of waste. In the location of the waste burial site, . For this purpose, several multi-criteria decision making methods are used in prioritizing suitable places. In the research, 10 important factors were used to locate the waste disposal site, which are: land use, slope of the area, altitude of the area, geology of the area, distance from roads, distance from rivers, distance from springs, distance from wells, distance from villages. and distance from faults. ANP model was used to prepare the final zoning map. In the first stage, the criteria were prepared and converted into GIS format. Then it was converted to raster format and fuzzification was done. According to the results obtained, the weight of land use criteria, the slope of the area, the height of the area, the geology of the area, the distance from roads, the distance from rivers, the distance from springs, the distance from wells, the distance from villages and the distance from faults for the study area is 0.167. 0.087, 0.036, 0.028, 0.138, 0.064, 0.068, 0.047, 0.120, 0.243 were obtained. Therefore, the criterion of the distance from the faults has the highest weight and the geological criterion has the least influence in locating waste burial areas according to experts. The obtained map was classified in 5 different classes. By examining the overlapping criteria map, it was observed that suitable areas for landfilling are located near rivers and springs and residential and rural areas. By examining the final zoning map, it has been observed that the most suitable areas for landfilling are located in the westernmost part of the study area, with a focus on Agha Seyed Sharif road.

Landslide is the mass movement of materials on the slope, which is associated with many human and financial losses every year. Under the influence of hydrogeomorphological and hydroclimatic conditions, different regions have different potentials in terms of landslide occurrence. One of the areas exposed to this danger is the catchment area of the Ilam Dam, for this reason, in this research, the areas prone to landslides have been identified in it. In this research, a digital model with a height of 30 meters, a geological map of 1:100,000 and different layers of information have been used as research data. The most important research tools are ArcGIS and Super Decision. In this research, using 8 parameters (height, slope, slope direction, lithology, distance from the fault, distance from the river, and distance from the road and land use) and the integrated model of network analysis (ANP) and fuzzy logic, the regions Landslides have been identified in the catchment area of Ilam Dam. Based on the results, the central and western parts of the region have a high potential for landslide occurrence. In fact, these areas are prone to landslides due to their proximity to fault lines, rivers and main roads, the type of land use, and the high slope. Also, the eastern parts of the region have little potential for landslides due to the type of land use, being far from fault lines, and being far from roads and rivers.

Karst geomorphic landscapes, which are formed as a result of dissolution of rock ,s ingrediets by natural waters, play an important role in geological diversity and are considered as one of the management priorities. These studies should make a significant contribution to the qualitative and quantitative management and protection of these resources against pollution from human activities. What is important is that the identification and zoning of karst areas has an important impact on the management and planning of these areas. The connection between surface water and groundwater is achieved through precipitation. The denser the joints and fractures and the more rainfall, the better the groundwater resources. Groundwater flow in geological formations depends on porosity and permeability. Tectonic factors and karstic landforms play an important role in permeability and groundwater recharge. Therefore, it is necessary to identify and determine the boundaries of karst areas.Baqmach ,s basin is located 30 km from Chenaran city and 80 km northwest of Mashhad. This area is 96.5 square kilometers. This basin is located in the geological zone of Hezar Masjed-Kopeh Dagh. This basin has spring-winter rainfall and the annual average of rainfall is 250 mm. Water resource in this region include the groundwater and surface water (springs, wells and aqueducts). Due to its carbonate structure and tectonic lines, it has a high potential for karst.The purpose of this study is to identify and zoning karst development by using Fuzzy logic model in the Baqmach ,s basin.For this purpose, information layers including lithology, tectonics, precipitation, temperature, slope, altitude, vegetation and land use were prepared. Information layers were prepared using ARC GIS software. These layers were defined as fuzzy functions based on experts' opinions and knowledge of relationships, criteria and field investigation and have been compared. According to the type of relationship of each parameter with the karst formation phenomenon, the membership function of vector layers is determined. In increasingly uniform, their numerical value is greater than one. In uniform reductions, regions with smaller numerical values have a greater impact on karst development. In this study, only the slope and reducing tectonic layers are uniform. That is, karst development is greater in areas with lower slopes and areas that are less distant from faults and fractures.Then these layers were standardized using ANP model. The structure of the network was adjusted through questionnaires and expert opinions. Fuzzy logic model was used to zoning areas with karst development potential. The information layers obtained are combined using the fuzzy logic method. Fuzzy operator multiplication was used to adjust the very high sensitivity. The sum operator is also used for very low fuzzy sensitivity. The gamma operator has a moderating role. The gamma operator is closer to reality and the final map of areas with karst development potential was obtained and the area of each class was determined. The zoning map of surface karst development was prepared with a gamma coefficient of 0.9 .The studied basin was classified into 5 classes in terms of karst development. These classes include karst with high development, karst with relatively high development, karst with medium development, karst with low development and no karst development. The results showed that 16.3% of the region's area is in the karst region with high development potential and 33.7% is karst with high development. This area corresponds to the formations of Mozdoran and Tirgan with limestone and dolomite lithology. 6.6% of the region's area is in the karst class with medium development and 3.6% is karst with low development, and 39.8% is without karst. The central part of the basin has very little potential for karst formation. The area of this floor is about 43.4 %. This section is located in the karst region, which is less developed and without karst.The lithological coefficient of the area has the highest weight with a value of 0.233.The lithology parameter has been the most important factor controlling the karst development potential in the studied area And the factors of drainage density and land use have the lowest weight. They have the least influence on the current karst formation of the basin. The results show that the factors of lithology, precipitation, temperature and altitude have played the most important role in the current karst development in this region. The investigation of the geological units of the region and their lithology shows that only Mazderan and Tirgan formations are effective in the formation of karst resources. According to the results of using the ANP-fuzzy model, it can significantly help in identifying and zoning karst areas.

The use of futures research methods can be one of the best techniques of optimal management in the future in which a critical moment may occur. In order to reduce the damage and losses caused by earthquakes, the necessary preparation is obtained with the help of futurology. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the vulnerability of the road network in District 2 of Tehran Municipality and its efficiency against earthquakes. The research method was descriptive-analytical. Criteria considered in the study were 8 land use criteria, number of floors (building height), building quality, building density, degree of enclosure, passage width, population density, distance from the fault. Information layers were prepared by documentary-field method. In the IHWP method, they were ranked, scored and processed in the GIS environment by the Delphi method. In the ANP method, it was evaluated by experts in super decision. The results show that the vulnerability class length in the IHWP model has the highest length in the very high vulnerability class with a length of 63.121 km and the very low vulnerability class with a length of 3.961 km. In the ANP method, the very low vulnerability class with a length of 135.35 km has the highest length and the medium vulnerability class with a length of 11.329 has the lowest length. In this method, the vulnerability class is very high, with a length of 40.94 km, in the second priority in terms of vulnerability length. In IHWP model, vulnerable areas in the center and a small part of the south in Azadi, North Rudaki, Niayesh streets and in ANP model, vulnerable areas in the south and a small part of the north of region 2 in Jannah highway, Habibollah street , Yadegar Imam Highway, Shadmehr, Niayesh Gharbi, Behboodi, Parcham, Nosrat Gharbi streets. The results of field visits to selected areas in both models showed higher accuracy of IHWP method than AHP.

The present study was conducted using an analytical-applied approach aimed to provide strategies for the development of the agriculture sector using multi-criteria decision-making techniques in the coasts of Hormozgan Province for integrated coastal zone management. For this purpose, in this study, first the internal and external strategic factors of the study area were identified, then through SWOT matrix possible strategies were provided, using the network analysis process (ANP) the strategies provided were weighted and finally the most important strategies were prioritized. The results of the implementation of the integrated SWOT-ANP method in this study showed that the strategies to present a comprehensive agricultural management plan to prevent the negative impacts of pollutants on sensitive coastal zones, provide special rules and regulations to protect the environment, and water and soil resources and prevent the destruction of agricultural lands through decisions and implementation of land use change plans, use of native plants and trees while adapting to the climate of the region to maintain the ecological sustainability of the region, using ecological potential and other potentials of the coast in the region to develop agriculture as a capacity in the region, which are among WT strategies due to minimizing the damage caused by weaknesses and threats, were considered as the best strategies and WO strategies due to the use of advantages of opportunities to compensate for the weaknesses in the region were the next priority of coastal agriculture development strategies in Hormozgan Province.

The city development strategy is based on governance and good management, bankability, competitiveness, and livability. The relevant strategies, especially livability, emphasize improving the quality of life. This study aimed to measure the quality of life in the city development strategy in Borujerd city.

This descriptive-analytical survey was conducted in 2020-2021 in Borujerd city. First, the dimensions affecting urban development indicators were prepared through document study and research background, and evaluation of expert opinions. Field investigations were carried out in two stages. In the first stage, the opinions of 383 residents of Borujerd city, who were selected through simple random sampling, were measured regarding the indicators of the quality of urban life. Data were analyzed using the single-sample t-test. Then, strengths and weaknesses were measured using the Delphi technique and evaluating the opinions of 30 urban planners and specialists. Data were prioritized using a combination of SWOT and ANP methods.

The indicators of urban development were not in a favorable condition, and only the livability index was in a better condition than other indices. The relative and absolute average of the weaknesses (0.140) was superior to the strengths (0.138), and the opportunities (0.147) to the threats (0.127).

In addition to better understanding the requirements, needs, and facilities, city managers should acquire the trust of citizens to provide the ground for improving the quality of life, which is one of the most important components of the urban development strategy to overcome the challenges faced by contemporary cities.

 Ecotourism is one of the common types of tourism activities that has attracted a lot of attention in recent years. The ecotourism concept is based on the ideals of environmental protection and sustainable development and refers to a responsible journey to nature with an emphasis on ensuring the improvement of local community life and environmental protection (Seifi and Janbaz, 2017: 479). Ecotourism has a deep connection with sustainable development, which stems from the interactions between tourists and the environment. Proper planning and management in order to develop ecotourism are essential to preserve and maintain the environmental richness of the region as well as the economic improvement of local people (Bunruamkaew and Murayama, 2011: 269). Iran is one of the countries that have a lot of potential for ecotourism development, however, studies show that Iran's natural tourism assets are vast array of scattered, unstabilized resources, and in some cases are on the verge of extinction. The main object of the current paper is to assess the ecotourism potentials and capabilities of the Margavar rural district of Urmia County in northwest of Iran. For this purpose, Analytic Network Process (ANP) and Fuzzy method have been used and ecotourism capabilities zoning map of the study area has been produced.

The current research is a Multicriteria-based study and the Analytic network process (ANP) method and Geographical Information System (GIS) has been used to analyse the data. Spatial criteria were clustered based on reviewing the background into five main groups including climate, human, topography, geology, and tourism and criteria have divided into these 5 groups. At first, the criteria map was prepared in the ArcGIS environment, then all the maps were reclassified with the Reclassify function. In the next step, the criteria maps are standardized with a Fuzzy linear function and the ANP model was run in Super Decisions software, and pairwise comparisons and related super matrices were calculated for the criteria and the relative weight of each criterion was obtained and the resulting weights were applied to maps. Finally, the weighted maps were combined each other using the 0.9 fuzzy gamma operator, and the Fuzzy ecotourism capability zoning map was produced in value 0 to 1.

  After designing the network structure, matrices and related super-matrices were calculated and the relative weights of all criteria were determined. Results showed that temperature, geological structure, slope, rain, and tourism facilities have the most importance and weight in relation to the ecotourism ability of the study area, respectively. According to the ecotourism capabilities zoning map, the study area was divided into four class: completely suitable, relatively suitable, relatively unsuitable, and completely unsuitable. The resulting map analysis shows that areas located in the central and western parts of the region, which have a low slope percentage and also include rich pastures and natural tourist attractions, are in the completely suitable group. Furthermore, some parts of the study area have mountain slopes and difficult topographic conditions that are very difficult to access grouped in completely unsuitable lands for ecotourism activities. The final results of the study show that 14.50% of the study area is in the completely suitable class, 26.32% in the relatively suitable class, 27% in the relatively unsuitable class and 32.15% are in the completely unsuitable class

 Research evaluations show that In general, Margavar rural district, both in terms of potential for the future development of ecotourism and in terms of Its current situation has a lot of potential in this regard in terms of receiving a large number of tourists That comprehensive planning and formulation of effective solutions in this field can be considered an effective way and an important step to achieve sustainable regional development. Application of multi-criteria analysis techniques such as ANP model and Fuzzy model in this research indicates the great flexibility of these methods, which makes it possible to determine different scenarios and combine different criteria with each other. On the other hand, the use of GIS has provided a good platform for feasibility studies, assessment, and identification of the natural environment. Therefore, it can be said that due to the high potential of the Margavar rural district, there is a need to review measures and pay more attention to tourism development plans and studies in this region.

To examine the landslide hazard in the area under study, Khanian (located in the West of Mazandaran province and Southeast of Tonekabon), AHP and ANP methods were used. Ten layers including lithology, distance from fault, slope, Aspect, Elevation, land use, distance to road, rainfall, distance to river, and Density of springs are considered as effective factors on the occurrence of landslide.. Study results showed that ANP is more accurate than AHP. Because prioritizing the effective factors in ANP is more sensible and acceptable; meanwhile, concerning the effective factors on landslide in ANP, land slope, land use, and lithology are the most significant factors on landslide development. As, ANP makes it possible to compare the sub criteria. This is also proved by field visits. However, results of AHP reveals that lithology and land use play the most important role in landslide occurrence and its expansion in the area under study and other factors indeed control and intensify the other two factors.

Identifying the factors affecting landslides occurrence in an area and zoning its hazard is one of the basic measures to achieve solutions to control this phenomenon and reduce its environmental hazards. The aim of this study was to determine the areas sensitive to the possibility of landslides occurrence in the Kolur region (Khalkhal County). In this regard, 9 factors affecting the landslides occurrence in the region including lithology, elevation, slope, slope direction, land use, faults, road construction, drainage network and precipitation were identified and used. Then, to determine the vulnerable areas, the hybrid models of conditional probabilities (Bayes' theorem) and network analysis process (ANP) were used. As for landslides occurrence, the results showed that about 28.69% and 25.40% of the study area had a very high risk, about 21.57% of the study area had a moderate risk, and finally about 14.21 and 13.10% of the study area had a low and a very low risk, respectively. Therefore, 65% of the Kolur region had a high and a very high risk of landslides. The main reason was due to the high slope and the presence of marl calcareous formations.  According to the obtained results and the relationship between the area of hazardous zones and the percentage of landslide with R2 more than 0.93, the accuracy of landslide hazard zoning map in the study area was confirmed at a good level. Therefore, the results of the combined Bayes' theorem-ANP model were suitable for landslide risk zoning in this type of areas, and the resulting map can be used as a valuable tool in environmental planning and reducing landslide occurrence costs.

One of the primary and necessary measures to manage slope instabilities and reduce the damage caused by them is to prepare a zoning map of slope instabilities and identify areas at risk. The aim of this study is to zoning the risk of slope instability in Garmi city using fuzzy ANP model. For this purpose, maps of factors affecting the occurrence of slope instabilities (slope, slope direction, elevation, lithology, distance from fault, soil, land use, vegetation index, distance from the road, rainfall and distance from the river) were prepared in ArcGis software environment. . To implement the fuzzy ANP model, all 11 factors were involved and the desired network was formed. Criterion weighting was performed in a network analysis model using a questionnaire. By combining the obtained weights obtained from Super decision software with the corresponding layers in ArcGis software environment, the final map of fuzzy ANP model was obtained. As a result, the zoning map provided the risk of domain instability with good accuracy.

Accurate using of land and water is the effective step in controlling the erosion, soil ruin and developing the agriculture. Flood has been one of the existed phenomenon in the nature which human has been seen since the past. Iran, because of wide area, different climates and change landuses in most watersheds, has increasingly experienced severe floods. Feasibility study of flood and evaluating the sensitive place prone to flood is the main step for controlling and managing the flood and utilizing it. Gorganroud Basin in Golestan province, that is one of the areas which has experienced several floods during the last years, and because of mismanagement, it has caused to several life and property losses to the residents of this area. In this study After identifying effective factors in flood hazard (slope, digital elevation model, permeability, Soil hydrologic group, Runoff potential, Curve number, distance from the stream, land use, vegetation cover density), criteria and subcriteria weight were calculated using pairwise comparisons and experts’ comments as well as ANP. Watershed flood hazard potential was zoned and finally, the watershed was categorized into five classes based on flood hazard risk. The results of flood hazard risk zonation indicate that classes 1 and 2 (very high and high risk) are generally located in North, North East and South East areas and include about 20% of the region. the results of the study were supplied for recognizing the area with high possibility of flooding in Kaleybar Chay basin and the provided maps will be used in executive organizations (governorate, natural resources, …) for logistics planning and controlling the flood.

In recent years, population growth and consequently the shortage of drinking water resources have increased the importance of studying the areas of caries Regarding the importance of the subject, in the present study, the evaluation and monitoring of the developed karstic areas and the potential of contamination of Cartesian resources in the Ravensar basin have been addressed In this study, 7factors were used to evaluate the factors of Karst development in Ravansar basin as well as two methods of OWA and ANP. The method of work is that after the necessary processing, using the OWA method and applying weights obtained through the ANP model, the zoning is done After designing the zoning map, using the satellite imagery of 2007 and2015, the development of human development areas in the developed karstic areas has been evaluated The results of this study indicate that most of the studied basin, especially in northern and western areas of the basin, are highly and relatively developed in the class, The calculation of the area of man-made areas suggests that in2007, about 2.6 km of occupied areas of man-made industrial zones have been occupied which, according to the growing population, increased to 3.8 km in2015, human-made areas have been extracted in developed artisanal areas.

Population increase, human presence, expansion of urbanization and irregular spatial have caused profound disturbances in the functional system of cities. Therefore, planning and management of natural events should be considered as a main purpose at all stages of planning and city development designs. The present study in term of purpose is considered as an applied research and using descriptive-analytical method. The worn-out textures of central district of the Urmia city with an area of 277/7 hectares as a case study is investigated. In this study, through the study of library sources and former studies, and as well as using experts opinions and specialists in the field of urban worn-out textures, effective indicators in the vulnerability of the study area in dimensions of physical, access, functional, environmental, economic, social, and managerial identification and the definition was. Then, using the Analytical Network Process (ANP) and Vikors Multi-Criteria Decision Making Method (VIKOR) to weighting each of the mentioned indicators and using Geographic Information System (GIS), the vulnerability maps of the area in different dimensions are provided. The results of the research show that from the study area of 36/11% has low vulnerability, 27/95% has moderate vulnerability and 35/22% has high vulnerability, which has the necessity of planning and taking measures to improve the environmental condition of urban worn-out textures in different dimensions.