جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « deprivation » در نشریات گروه « جغرافیا »

Kermanshah province is facing various economic, social, cultural, and political challenges, which has caused the lack of development of the province, especially in the border areas. In this province, the border towns are in a bad situation. Therefore, the main purpose of the research is to investigate the development obstacles in the border areas of Kermanshah province. In terms of its objectives, this study is of an applied research type and in terms of method descriptive-analytical and in terms goal it is considered a developmental study. The data collection was done through both library and field study, where interview and questionnaire tools are used. The statistical population of this research includes local experts in the field of border studies and senior managers of the province and border areas of Kermanshah, from which 350 individuals were selected using targeted sampling method. The reliability of the research was checked and confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient and validity by a panel of experts. In this research, underdevelopment and deprivation were discussed from economic, political, spatial, social dimensions, tourism, and healthcare. The obtained results indicate that the border areas are underprivileged in terms of wealth. The results of Spearman's correlation show a significant relationship between economic, social, political, tourism, and health variables with the underdevelopment of the border areas of Kermanshah province. Finally, the regression findings showed that among these variables, social variables and then economic variables had the greatest impact on underdevelopment.

Assessing the level of development of urban areas and awareness of the pattern of spatial distribution of deprivation is the first step in planning and implementing deprivation policies in urban areas. Isfahan city for many years with the attraction of abundant migration and unbridled population growth, has caused a balance to develop and eliminate deprivation of different parts of the city, to be at the forefront of the concerns of planners. But not paying attention to all aspects of deprivation has led to cross-sectional and unconscious interventions. The purpose of this study is to identify deprived areas of Isfahan based on a comprehensive view and help plan deprivation elimination based on specific deprivation aspects of each region and neighborhood. For this purpose, 34 indicators were identified in 4 dimensions and after determining their weight by pairwise comparison method, deprivation index was calculated by two methods of TOPSIS and factor analysis for 192 neighborhoods of Isfahan. The research method is applied in terms of nature and based on a descriptive-analytical method. The required data are mainly collected from objective and positive data and some are based on subjective data and four economic, socio-cultural, physical and environmental dimensions are included for the deprivation index. The results of TOPSIS technique determine a deprivation strip including neighborhoods in the northeast of Isfahan, the northern parts of the central regions and most of the western regions. In the method of factor analysis, this issue includes three main zones: east, northeast and west. In both methods, most areas of Isfahan have a combination of deprived, relatively deprived and privileged neighborhoods, but based on the zoning specified in both methods, neighborhoods in the north of the river, such as areas 2, 7, 9, 11, 14 and parts of areas 1 and 3 are in a worse position.

The issue of intra-regional and inter-regional inequality in many countries is a major challenge to development. This inequality is one of the manifestations of the Third World countries and is due to the economic, social and political conditions of these countries. This study examined the extent of deprivation among urban and rural areas and settlements. This research was compiled as a descriptive-analytical nature of the applied studies and its data was documented. To measure social deprivation, 18 indicators were used, economic deprivation of 20 indicators, and 11 indicators were used for environmental deprivation. The results of the study showed that rural settlements have been deprived of social and economic deprivation more than urban residences, and these settlements are less deprived of urban residences in terms of environmental deprivation. Also, in terms of the combination of deprivation index, which was used as a cluster analysis technique. Provinces of the country were classified into three deprived departments: low, medium and high. According to this analysis, provinces with a lower depreciation level were concentrated in the central and central parts of the country, and these regions comprise the largest urban population, and in contrast, The areas of the average deprivation rate have been the highest in the eastern and western parts of the country, and these provinces have the most rural populations in the country.

Poverty, inequality and the inability of some groups in the community to provide adequate housing and the shortcomings of the urban planning and management system in creating the necessary conditions for these groups to enjoy adequate housing led to the formation of informal settlements and slums. The purpose of this study is to analyze the causes of spatial distribution of poverty and urban deprivation among informal neighborhoods and settlements in Ahvaz. 

The present research is descriptive-analytical in terms of type and theoretical-applied in terms of purpose. In order to collect information for the necessary theoretical insight and review the literature on the subject, documentary and library methods and for other data, 12389 blocks of data taken from the data of the Statistics Center of Iran in 2016 have been used. To investigate the spatial distribution of urban poverty in informal settlements in Ahvaz, first poverty indicators are calculated using Excel software and factor analysis is examined using SPSS software. To perform the spatial analysis, the methods of spatial autocorrelation analysis of general Moran statistic, G general statistic, hot spots and Morris's time index of development in GIS software environment were exerted. In this regard, 29 urban poverty indicators have been defined and calculated and scaled by fuzzy method in Excel software environment, and then transferred to SPSS software environment. 

In order to analyze and explain the blocks of Ahvaz city, 28 indicators were defined. In factor analysis, those with a specific value greater than one remain in the components, and if the values are less than one, they are separated from the other components. After analyzing the hot spots of poor neighborhoods, the Morris index of each factor was calculated and converted into a map and poverty zoning maps were prepared according to seven factors. The first factor affecting poverty areas are scattered in the center and western half of Ahvaz. Al-Safi, Hasirabad, Manbae Ab, Alavi alley, Razmandegan, Krishan, Malashieh, Siyahi and the same two are among the nine marginal neighborhoods that have the highest percentage of the population in the middle class with 29.2% and the poor with 53.6%. It is noteworthy that the highest employment ratio in the three middle classes was 31.47, poor 34.98 and very poor with 39.94% more than the employment ratio in the affluent class with 24.8% and the economic participation rate in the middle classes with 37.90, poor 40.24 and very poor with 43.56 percent more than the affluent class with 30.92 percent. This can be due to the employment of the poor population in service and informal activities such as employment in construction, sales, repairs, wholesale and retail, transportation and other service activities. The reason for the employment of this group in low levels of services is often due to lack of sufficient skills and education. In terms of geographical distribution, Ein Do, Seyahi, Koi Alavi, Goldasht, Golbahar, Malashieh, Krishan and Razmandegan towns are located on the western outskirts of Ahvaz. As a result, it is observed that a high percentage of the area of Ahvaz city is at the average level of net dependency with 54.4%. Despite this, the net support of the poor is estimated at 2.10 percent. In the fourth factor of Mauritius, which emphasizes the population index, it is observed that the rate of population density in slums is higher than affluent and moderate neighborhoods. Distribution of social index, percentage of divorced men to all men aged 10 and over and percentage of divorced women to total women aged 10 and over in the eastern half of Ahvaz, especially in suburban areas such as Ain Do, Malachieh, Goldasht, Golbahar and Sayyahi. According to the findings, the percentage of divorced women to the total number of women aged 10 and over in all classes is higher than the percentage of divorced men to the total number of men aged 10 and over because many men marry after the divorce. In poor areas, including the poor with 2.58 and the very poor with 4.90, there is the highest percentage of divorced women out of the total number of women aged 10 and over. 

The highest percentage of city blocks with 44.4% is in the middle class and the lowest with 8.1% is in the very poor class. The highest percentage of the city area is in the middle and poor clusters with 36.28 and 34.28%, respectively. It seems that the poor and middle class in the city of Ahvaz with a high percentage of population and households are scattered in most parts of the city, but the affluent class with a very small population of 0.037% 23.8% of the city area. The high rate of economic participation in informal settlements indicates that a significant percentage of the population of working age is present in the informal labor market which in fact, this group is excluded from the active population. The amount of net dependency burden is one of the valid economic indicators that shows each employed person is responsible for the living expenses of several dependents. In the very poor class with 2.10 and the poor class with 0.36 percent of the burden of care, it shows that this class bears more economic burden than the employees of other neighborhoods. Among the fifth factor indicators, the high percentage of divorced women to the total number of women aged 10 and over, poor and very poor, with 4.90 and 2.58%, which completely cover the slums, indicate the vulnerability of female-headed households in the community which needs to be considered by planners and policy-makers.

Poverty is still one of the main challenges facing humankind with a more rural nature in developing countries. The importance of addressing the issue of poverty and deprivation is to the extent that the United Nations considers its reduction as the first goal of Sustainable Development Goals. The approach of researchers and politicians to poverty has now shifted from one-dimensional to multi-dimensional. This means that poverty is no longer seen as a purely economic issue, instead, various dimensions including education, health, and welfare are now considered for poverty. Accordingly, recognition of poverty and coping with it requires a holistic and systematic understanding of it. The current study has attempted to go beyond the household level and study poverty (at county, province and country levels) by utilizing the concept of MPI while localizing its various indices with the aim of assisting policy-making and planning to reduce poverty. In this regard, the 2016 census data of 20000 rural households were used. According to the findings of this study, the multidimensional poverty index (MPI) of Iran is 0.349. Education, health, and living standards (welfare) had the highest contribution in MPI, respectively. The intensity and incidence of poverty among rural households are 0.558 and 0.628, respectively. Poverty in Iran is affected not only by economic and social factors but also by spatial and climatic factors. Consequently, given the extent and complexity of the relationships among the factors affecting and being affected by poverty, any planning and policymaking to alleviate poverty requires an intelligent holistic and systematic approach to poverty.

Unlike what is usually thought, the distress of urban fabric is not only a physical phenomenon, but it is a mix of socioeconomic, political and physical factors that their interaction lead to urban distress.Therefore, the current study aims to study the relationship between segregation and pervasive distress in in the 10th Municipal District of Mashhad. To do this, at first a set of criteria and indexes for evaluating segregation and pervasive distress were recognized in various dimensions, and then with an emphasis on Mashhad's master plan's and census data 1390, the pervasive distress of urban fabrics and the way they are segregated were studied in order to be compared with each other finally.Results indicate that the mere emphasis on physical factors for evaluating urban fabrics' distress cannot make an appropriate understanding of they in which this phenomenon is happening in urban context, and because the studied area's segregation map matches the distress map of the same area, it can be concluded that segregation and the concentration of low socioeconomic classes and become segregated from other groups, are effective in the spread of distress in urban fabrics. In other words, those groups who were not able to be attracted to city's socioeconomic system, become concentrated in some areas of the city and appeal other people with the same characteristics to those areas, just like strong magnets. This concentration of low classes leads to the increase of inefficiency of urban fabrics, a phenomenon which can be called "pervasive distress".

Terrorism is one of the great threats of the world in the 21st century, which by using various methods such as armed action, media propaganda and influence on the beliefs and values ​​of society, can disrupt the order and security of the society in question. To achieve their goals. In the meantime, regions and countries with racial, ethnic, cultural and religious differences are at greater risk. Among these, if there is a society of various economic weaknesses and political discrimination, this trend is more rapid. A major part of achieving sustainable security at any location and location is depreciation and economic prosperity, but this economic boom and the creation of sustainable economic security have the basic needs and that is the creation of a suitable security umbrella at that point,On the same basis, the southeast of the country and the province of Sistan and Baluchestan, which have been targeted by insurgents with the support of foreigners from the past, have been eyeing the Islamic system in recent years and the IRGC's ground forces have created a military-regional base called the Quds Force, Has undertaken responsibility for securing the borders and protecting the lives of the people against the actions of foreign-backed terrorists. Since the establishment of the Qods Regional Base Station by Nisa in the south-east of the country, important steps have been taken to secure security in the border areas,In order to know what steps have been taken in these areas, we have traveled to the border areas with a well-equipped news team with the presence of a number of officials from the central Quds Force of the Sepah, where the IRGC begins with security plans for the border frontiers

The existence of economic and social inequalities between the regions has always led researchers to use the appropriate statistics and techniques to analyze this spatial imbalance and inequality, and while assessing the status of areas in terms of development and availability to provide appropriate strategies for achieving coordinated and integrated development. In order to achieve this goal, in the present study, using a descriptive-analytical approach and using the multi-criteria analysis method (VIKOR), we evaluated the availability of cities in Lorestan province (9 counties) by economic, social and infrastructural indicators, as well as recognizing and identifying the distance and developmental difference of different regions .All the results of analysis of the total development indicators shows that Khorramabad city has a favorable situation and the cities of Pol Dokhtar and Delfan are in an undesirable situation. Development gap analysis should reflect factors such A centralized management structure, environmental factors, political economy, spatial planning system disorders, particularly growth center of Khorramabad city.

Introduction and Unbalanced distribution facilities and services on Economic, Social and between regions, need to the planning and balanced spatial development the spatial structure of the country is inevitable This study aimed to determine the level development of the provinces of Iran and rank them based on the level of development and different levels of development of the country From 1345 to the present to help make the planning system and national policy has been done.
This study is based on cognitive research and in terms of the goal of the evaluation research method - comparative. The population according to the latest political divisions of 31 provinces and indexes evaluated 33 indicators in four dimensions (Economic, infrastructure-physical, socio-cultural and health), respectively. For data analysis, factor analysis and cluster analysis techniques were used.
Findings: The results show, between the provinces in terms of development, there are differences and inequalities. So that in Tehran alone during the decades the highest level of development and Sistan and Baluchestan province are the lowest and most disadvantaged. Comparison provinces during different periods of development of the center over the periphery of inequality.
According to the results of research to reduce disparities between provinces The placing of the country due to the talent and potential of each region and prioritizing disadvantage and less developed provinces in the planning of regional demands.

In the study of urban issues in the form of sustainable urban development, it is assumed that if the cost, regardless of equalization mechanisms, is used to develop infrastructure, equipment and urban services, it will intensify the inequality among different classes of urban population. In other words, urban sustainability is a type of sustainable development that encompasses environments and urban spaces. This will be achieved when sustainable development principles and approaches are used as the basis for urban development studies. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to assess the status of Khorasan Razavi Khorasan provinces in different areas of development and to determine the imbalance in this field using multiple subscripts and multiple indicators. The issue that necessitates this research is to implement provincial-level programs in the field of sustainable development so that both provincial cities in development can achieve a fair level and improve the province's situation throughout the country.

Public participation at different levels is considered as one of several strategies to reduce deprivation in rural communities. Thus, it can play an important role in increasing people's awareness about civil and citizenship rights, affect the management of villages and institutions affairs, and defend the rights of rural people. Therefore, in this article it has been tried to examine the approach of people and the leaders of villages about public participation at different levels. The present study is objectively an applied research, and also descriptive- analytical and cross-correlation in view of method, in which the bulk of the data were collected at the regional level based on field studies (questionnaires, observations and interviews) and by random sampling from 320 samples. According to the results of Pearson correlation test, the obtained results of the study showed that there was a significant correlation between all indicators, but in most cases it found to be less-than-desirable Numeric limit (3). Also during spatial distribution of relationship between levels of public participation and deprivation reduction in the society, only two villages (Vali-e-Asr and Rashnodeh) showed direct correlation in terms of participation in the study area, but the correlation was weak amongst other villages. Thus, according to the findings, several solutions are suggested including creating public organizations related to training people to reduce deprivation in rural communities, creating socio-cultural contexts requirement to increase the participation of people in different aspects of rural development, and providing motivation for spontaneous public participation in the preparation, adoption and implementation of the plans, etc.

The first step in the planning and developing of rural areas is identifying and studying facilities and capabilities and, subsequently, determining the levels of development of rural areas. In the planning and development process of rural areas, recognizing the regions in terms of the status quo and the development level, studying local and regional differences in terms of development, explaining the factors affecting development and, eventually, attempting to solve issues and problems and meeting the needs in line with moderating the current inequalities is quite significant. The need to identify deprived regions and villages is essential in order to plan for the optimal allocation of facilities and services to reduce or eliminate poverty, deprivation and regional inequalities for attaining sustainable development. The present article uses a descriptive-analytical method, as well as VIKOR method and Prescott Allen model to investigate the enjoyment status of rural settlements in Ardebil province (as the statistical population of the study), educational, health-treatment, communication and transportation, commercial and political-administrative services indicators (based on the data extracted from the Statistical Yearbook of the Province). In total, after formatting, development indicators in the Allen Prescott model showed that the rural settlements of Ardebil were at the developed level (0.81  Fi ≤1), Moghan county at a relatively developed level (0.61  Fi ≤ 0.80), Nir, Pars-Abad, Khalkhal, Namin, Moser and Meshkinshahr were at the developing level (0.41  Fi ≤ 0.60), and Sarein and Billesavsar counties were at a relatively developing level (0.21  Fi ≤ 0.40). The reflection of factors such as the centralized management structure, environmental factors, and the failures of the spatial planning system should be mentioned in the outcome of development gap analysis.

Strategies for rural poverty reduction emerged of fifty years ago in response to being difficult to understand the complexity development. Governance and Poverty are two terms that, especially in the past decade, have come to the forefront of the development agenda, meant in this case as the perceived general agreement among development agencies and actors on priorities for action. In 2000 world accepted the resolution as a strategic good governance for poverty reduction and improving quality of life had been accepted to a new approach to deal with the offer of poverty phenomenon. The present paper is a paper review on previous works done on rural poverty reduction with good governance approach. the method of study is descriptive analytical and document studies have been used. The results of the present study shows that good governance having the indices of cooperation, law and etc using increasing the poors role, enhancing the poor skills via enhancing basic services, creating ecumenical opportunities via increasing access to bazzar, creating safeties against economic shocks and creating the poor safety against crime causes poverty reduction. The good governance with enhancing the government situation, increasing freedom and people right in their own future and designing development programs using their people causes new processes, change in economical attitudes and as a result poverty reduction.

One of the issues that nowadays urban and rural settlements are faced with is inappropriate distribution of social services and facilities that cause inequality in access rate of different groups to that facilities and services. This paper by considering this social challenge which resulted from poor development management, pursue the status of people enjoyment by considering three levels of political division of east Azerbaijan province including city, county, rural district, and determine investment priorities by recognizing deprived city, county, rural districts and offer strategies and policies to make appropriate access. Research method and analyses technique is factor analyses and numerical taxonomy. 28 indicators have been defined in different dimensions to classify different levels. The results show high rate of deprivation in northeast and southeast of the province, and the rural districts that have facilities are mainly located around southwest and middle zone of the province. Analysis shows the eastern half of province has more deprivation than western half of the province. It’s necessary that development managers of the province give priority to investment in cities, rural district in eastern half of the province. The study also shows significant direct relationship (99%) between center distance rate of each political division to province center and deprivation rate. By increasing distance from province center, the deprivation rate increases.