environmental development

In the current study, the impact of spatial flows on the evolution of the peri-urban rural settlements of Arak has been evaluated. The data was collected through fieldwork and questionnaires. Three statistical tests of ANOVA, Tukey and Friedman's test were used to evaluate the spatial trends affecting the evolution of rural settlements. The results show the spatial flows have had many positive and negative effects on the evolution of rural settlements. One of the most obvious positive effects has been related to the improvement of the quality of the houses in the villages. The highest average rating of experts is related to residential indicators. The development of the transportation system can also be considered as one of the most important components that have a positive effect on the developments of rural settlements. This has strengthened or formed new functions such as service, entertainment, tourism, workshop, industry and dormitory in a large number of peri-urban villages. The negative dimensions of spatial flows are mainly manifested in the agricultural sector of villages. During the past three decades, a large percentage of agricultural lands in villages have been destroyed and turned into built-up due to the spatial development of Arak metropolis and villages. Inheritance law and the increase of non-native residents' villas are in the next ranks. The two mentioned variables have affected the agricultural sector of the villages and caused a double weakening of the agricultural functions of the villages.

Although more than half a century has passed since rural planning in Iran, there are signs of instability such as degradation of vegetation and unprincipled use of natural resources, unemployment and lack of sustainable employment, weakness of social foundations in order to move. The rural spaces of the country are evident. On the other hand, the aging of the rural population and the emergence of further problems such as migration and aging of the rural population, reduced productivity of rural facilities and services and a sharp increase in density in cities and its consequences can be due to weak management system in rural areas. Therefore, considering the importance of the role of local managers in villages, in this article we have tried to analyze the impact of local management on the physical and environmental development of rural settlements in Shahrekord. This research has been done by descriptive-analytical method and geographical area under study in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province, 45 km southwest of Isfahan. Data and data were collected through library and field studies (questionnaire) and analyzed using SEM structural equation equation technique and confirmatory factor analysis and Amos software. The results also showed that with the increase of local management, the physical and environmental development of rural settlements increases. Therefore, understanding the real trend and the situation of existing problems in the way of rural management can help policy makers and planners in this field to draw the desired vision and pave the way for providing strategic solutions and suggestions in this field.

The purpose of this study was to explain the effects of reverse migration on the economic, physical, and environmental development of the Mahale Anzal villages in Urmia County from 2017 to 2021. The research design was descriptive-analytical. The statistical population of the study was 944 households of returnees to the Mahale Anzal villages, of which 275 households were selected using the quota sampling method and randomly responded to the questionnaires. The data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire with a reliability of 0.818 and analyzed using SPSS-V.28 and Lisrel-V.10 software. The research questionnaire had an acceptable validity of exploratory factor analysis (0.847) and confirmatory factor analysis. The results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between reverse migration, economic development, physical development, and environmental development (P≤0.01). Reverse migration had a direct and positive effect on economic development (0.69), physical development (0.56), and environmental development (0.55) (P≤0.01). Additionally, reverse migration had an indirect and positive effect (0.34) on physical development and (0.28) on environmental development through economic development in the Mahale Anzal villages of Urmia County (P≤0.01). The authorities should strive to develop the economic conditions of the villages, which will lead to the improvement of living conditions, the strengthening and updating of rural housing, and consequently the physical and environmental development of the villages, thereby improving the living conditions in the villages for reverse migration.

The need to pay attention to the environment in tourist villages and has nature attractions to achieve optimal development, especially environmental development is one of the duties of local managers (Islamic Council and village governor). Local managers, according to their set of tasks, have a role in the development of rural spaces, especially development in the environmental dimension. Now, knowing the views of the villagers on how local managers work can give managers a comprehensive view to improve their performance. The purpose of this study is to analyze and evaluate the role of local managers (Islamic councils and village governors) in the environmental development of spaces with ecotourism capabilities in Barghan rural district of Savojbolagh. The research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. Data and information were collected in two forms: documentary and field (questionnaire). The statistical population of the villagers of five villages (Aghasht, Barghan, Wardeh, Sareh, Sanj) in Barghan sub-district of Savojbolagh city of Alborz province was 318 people were selected as a sample using Cochran's formula and classified probabilistic sampling method. SPSS software and one-sample t-test, Pearson correlation and linear regression were used to analyze the data. The results indicate that there is a positive and significant relationship between local management (joint cooperation of the Islamic Council and village governor ) and environmental development. Therefore, according to the tests performed and the author's survey study in the region, the discussions showed that local management with its functions, if it performs its duties properly, can lead to the environmental development of villages. This point can pave the way for attracting knowledgeable nature lovers who are interested in rural attractions and natural environments of these spaces by observing environmental principles.

Rural designers have improved biological conditions through well-designed programs and actions to transform the rural environment and, in some cases, the rehabilitation of parts of these spaces in order to develop a sustainable and sustainable development in all parts of the country. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the implementation of the Hadi plan on the rural housing component and the environmental status of the village as well as the satisfaction of the people in implementing the guideline of villages in the central district of Jiroft city. This research is a descriptive-analytic type based on the nature of the purpose and the method is descriptive-analytic. After initial sampling in 30 samples, the variance of the satisfaction attribute was obtained to be 185. 0, which, after placing in the formula and performing calculations, ultimately 135 households were selected as sample size. To process the data, descriptive and inferential statistical methods such as two-dimensional cross-analysis of Wallis test as well as TOPSIS ranking method have been used The results of the research indicate that: among the implementing variables of the Hadi plan, the level of people's satisfaction with the housing and environmental components has been higher than the average. Also, with 99% confidence, the level of people's satisfaction in the studied villages will be significantly different from each other Therefore, the implementation of the master plan of the sample villages in the field of improving the housing situation, environment and rural life has been successful and has been able to provide relative satisfaction to the villagers. Therefore, the implementation of the master plan of the sample villages in the field of improving the housing situation, environment and rural life has been successful and has been able to provide relative satisfaction to the villagers. Also, the results of the ranking of sample villages on the basis of the model used indicate the highest impact of the implementation of the guideline in the populated villages that have a long history of conducting their conducting plan Like Aliabad, Hawkard has been.