good urban governance

In recent decades, good urban governance has been proposed as the most effective, least expensive, and most sustainable method for managing the complex and multi-level systems of modern cities. The centrality of this approach in urban management is based on democratic and egalitarian development, aiming to involve all interested and influential stakeholders in the administration of cities while addressing their diverse needs. On the other hand, women, as one of the main and most influential social groups in urban life, play a prominent role in city administration. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to examine the role of good urban governance during and after the COVID-19 pandemic, with a focus on the women’s status in Semnan. From the perspective of its objective, this research is practical, and in terms of data collection, it is descriptive-survey. A questionnaire was used to collect data and information for this study. The statistical population of the research consists of the citizens of Semnan, with a population of 185,129 people. The sample size was calculated using Cochran's formula, resulting in 383 participants. To analyze the data, single-sample t-tests and multivariate linear regression were employed. Finally, to generalize the results from the sample to the statistical population, structural equation modeling was conducted using Lisrel software. The results of the one-sample t-test showed that the t-values for each of the research variables, with averages lower than the theoretical mean, were negative. This indicates that the dimensions of good urban governance in Semnan, as well as the situation of women in the city, are not in a favorable state. Additionally, the results of structural equation modeling in Lisrel software revealed that the justice variable has the strongest and most significant relationship with good urban governance. Finally, the survey results demonstrate that it is impossible to achieve good urban governance without defining and explaining the practical role of women, who represent half of the city's population and are one of the most important and influential groups in city administration.

The history of dealing with informal settlement goes back to the writings of thinkers such as Marshall Clinard, Robert Park, John Turner and Charles Abrams. Clinard says the following in the definition of informal settlement: : Informal settlement is a sub-culture with a set of norms that are associated with neighborhoods with low hygiene, social deviations and characteristics such as social isolation. Empowerment is an approach for proper distribution of economic and social resources in a sustainable manner. In this situation, the life of the low-income and poor classes is based on the internal capacities and prioritization of needs, by these people themselves and their participation to face the issues of poverty. This approach believes that people should be empowered in such a way that they can make decisions about their living environment. Empowerment has two important elements of holistic and holistic agency towards the cause of poverty. This means that it is possible to overcome obstacles in long processes and with the active participation of interested groups, and on the other hand, it is not possible to improve certain aspects of the life of marginalized groups (for example, providing some infrastructure and services with some economic facilities) witnessed the capabilities of the above groups. In general, the approach of empowerment with a multi-dimensional, more comprehensive and more people-oriented approach covers the previous weaknesses to some extent.

The current research is descriptive-analytical in terms of research method and applied in nature. The method of collecting information in order to answer the research questions and based on the research method of the research, two document-library and survey methods were used. In this research, a web-based questionnaire was used as a data collection tool. In order to measure the reliability of the online questionnaire in this research, Cronbach's test and its alpha coefficient were used. The statistical population of this research consists of specialists, experts and university professors, doctoral students of urban geography, urban managers and fields related to urban management, of which 79 people were used as a statistical sample using the judgmental sampling method. In this type of sampling, people who are in the best position to provide the required information are selected for the sample. To evaluate the reliability and validity of a panel of 20 experts, the relative coefficient of content validity (CVR), content validity index (CVI) and the reliability of the measurement model are evaluated using factor loading coefficients, Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability. In order to analyze the data and test the hypotheses, quantitative analysis methods (structural equation modeling with variance-based approach (PLS)), methods of displaying the characteristics of localities in Gis software such as Quantities were used. SmartPls, Spss software are also used.

Pearson's correlation test was used in order to check the correlation between good urban governance and empowerment of informal settlements in Babol city. By comparing the significant level obtained with the error coefficient of 0.05 (less than 0.05), we can conclude that there is a difference between the indicators of desirable urban governance (participation, efficiency and effectiveness, political stability and the fight against corruption, legality, justice social, responsibility, community-oriented) and the empowerment of informal settlements in Babol city, there is a significant relationship. The value of the correlation coefficient in the investigation of the relationship is respectively equal to 0.456, 0.872, 0.588, 0.796, 0.761, 0.653 and 0.668 according to the positive value of the correlation coefficient in the validity indices. Urban desirability shows the existence of a positive and direct relationship between urban desirability and the empowerment of informal settlements in the city of Babol. The highest correlation coefficient between efficiency and effectiveness and empowerment of informal settlements is established in Babol city with a coefficient of 0.872. In order to analyze the effects of goodurban governance on the empowerment of informal settlements in the city of Babol, a one-sample T-test was used. In order to test the research hypothesis and also evaluate the conceptual model, structural equations based on variance have been used. The independent variables of the current research are participation, efficiency and effectiveness, political stability and fight against corruption, legality, social justice, responsibility, community-oriented, which respectively have coefficients of 0.958, 0.715, 0.619, 0.701, 1.010, and 932. 0.0, 0.73 has had a positive and significant effect on the independent variable of the research (optimal urban governance) at the significance level of p<05, which among the examined indicators has the most effect with a coefficient of 1.010 related to the variable of social justice; Therefore, in increasing the empowerment of informal urban settlements in the city of Babol, social justice with criteria such as the degree of accountability to municipal strategies in order to increase participation (M1), cooperation with young people in the formation of non-governmental popular organizations (M2), citizens' awareness of citizenship rights in the direction of participation (M3) ), attracting people's participation through the formation and activity of local councils of regions (M4), consensus in neighborhood decision-making (M5), participation in neighborhood economic investment, etc. (M6) has been most effective. Also, according to the significance level of 5% and the confidence level of 95%, it can be concluded that there is a significant relationship between the independent and dependent variables of the research.

Urban governance with appropriate solutions can guarantee the improvement of the living conditions of the residents of informal settlements and contribute to the sustainable development of the city. These positive effects benefit not only the residents of these areas but also the whole society and city. For a deeper understanding and more detailed analysis of the characteristics of informal settlements in the city of Babol and the role of urban governance in improving the living conditions and management of these areas. As an important source, this research can help city managers and rulers to consider more effective policies and programs to manage and control informal settlements and ensure the improvement of citizens' quality of life.

Tourism is known as one of the most important economic sectors in major countries of the world. According to the report of the World Travel and Tourism Council (2020), in 2018, the travel and tourism sector grew by 3.9 percent, outpacing the global economy (3.2 percent) for the eighth consecutive year. Over the past 5 years, one in five jobs have been created by the sector, making travel and tourism the best partner for governments to create jobs. Therefore, tourism, as one of the largest economic sectors in the world, supports one out of every 10 jobs (319 million) worldwide and accounts for 10.4% of the global GDP. Tourism policy is a product of a very complex process and is related to various aspects. The complexity of tourism is caused by significant changes at the local, national and international levels. In the context of this important change, the tourism policy environment has become a strategic medium for governments to market their tourism potential.

This research is applied in terms of its purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of the nature and method of carrying out the work, which was carried out by two methods of library study and field survey. In the descriptive study section, the library method has the main application because the theoretical foundations of research and research on the subject of research can only be done by reviewing existing and documented studies and researches. It is also possible to know and be aware of the current situation of the studied area by describing what is there. After collecting enough information through the library study, the next step of the research was started with the questionnaire tool. In this section, after designing the questionnaire required for data collection, it was distributed among the local people and the required information was collected. This section includes the main foundation of the research. Everything obtained in the first step was used to analyze the data obtained from the questionnaire. The statistical population of the research consists of the citizens of Poldakhtar city, which according to the census of 2015, the population of these three villages was 26352 people. To select the sample size, Cochran's formula was used, by which 379 people were selected as the sample size in a simple random manner. In order to collect information and research data, a researcher-made questionnaire was used. The face validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by the professors and experts after numerous checks and fixing its defects, and its reliability was calculated by Cronbach's alpha of 0.84. In order to measure good urban governance, indicators of participation, effectiveness and efficiency, transparency, accountability, consensus building, justice and legality have been used, and for sustainable urban tourism, economic, social and environmental indicators have been used. One-sample t-test and multivariate regression test were used to analyze the results.

The obtained findings have been analyzed in two ways, descriptive and inferential. First, the descriptive findings were examined and then the inferential findings were examined. Based on the results obtained from the descriptive findings, 63% of the respondents were men and 37% were women. In terms of marital status, 56% of respondents are married and 44% are single. In terms of age, the highest frequency is assigned to the age group of 31 to 40 years with 37% of the frequency. In terms of employment, the highest percentage is assigned to the free job group with 34%. Also, in terms of the amount of income, the most frequency belongs to the income group of 4 to 6 million Tomans per month with 24%.4.

Today's cities face many problems and dilemmas, which can only be solved through principled and specialized management in the form of good urban governance. The investigations carried out in this study showed that good urban governance in the city of Poldakhtar has been evaluated in a favorable and suitable condition and the citizens are relatively satisfied in this regard. Therefore, it can be expected that good governance will solve many problems in the city of Poldakhtar. One of the topics that has received a lot of attention in recent years in cities is urban tourism and tourism sustainability. By providing suitable facilities and services to tourists and appropriate advertisements, city managers seek to make maximum use of these capacities for the benefit of their cities by attracting domestic and foreign tourists, especially cities that have high tourism potential.

The results of the research in line with the investigation of the sustainable tourism situation in Poldakhtar city showed that tourism has led to a favorable assessment of the economic, social and environmental situation; In a way that the surveys conducted indicate that citizens believe that tourism has increased the income of citizens and has caused employment and reduced unemployment of people and has increased the income of citizens. Also, it has followed the social welfare of the citizens, which has caused the citizens to participate in more educational and cultural activities. It has also increased the security of the citizens and increased the citizens' sense of belonging to their city and improved the quality of life of the citizens. In terms of the environment, tourism has caused the increase and expansion of the urban green space and has led to the beauty of the city.In examining the effects of good urban governance on sustainable tourism, the results of the research showed that all indicators of good urban governance had a positive and significant impact on sustainable tourism in Poldakhter city, and the participation index had the greatest impact, which shows that it is important that when governance It is good that urban management will be successful if it seeks the participation of citizens in plans and projects related to urban tourism; Because the citizens, with sufficient knowledge of their city, are more familiar with the existing flaws and shortcomings, and in this regard, they can make accurate and principled decisions and provide detailed advice to the officials. Also, legality index, justice index, accountability index, effectiveness and efficiency index, transparency index and consensus building index are also in the next ranks of the most influential indicators of good urban governance on sustainable tourism.

In most developing countries, including Iran, the urban development planning and management system is centralized. The central government's decisive intervention in policy-making and social planning in these countries has led to severe weaknesses in local governance and comprehensive civic institutions in cities. The present study is innovative in order to investigate the two-way relationship between the two new concepts of good urban governance and resilience and to present a structural model for the study area. The purpose of this article is to study urban resilience with the approach of good urban governance in Shemiran No neighborhood. The present research method is applied in terms of purpose, descriptive-analytical in nature and is a combination of two qualitative methods (experts questionnaire) and quantitative (residents questionnaire) in Shemiran No neighborhood. To analyze the data, the results of Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and normal distribution of data, t-test was used. The results of the research show that among the variables of good urban governance, except for the two variables of rule of law and justice and fairness, the rest of the variables have a significant relationship with the dependent variable. In order to investigate the different dimensions of resilience in Shemiran No neighborhood according to the output of Kolmogorov-Smirnov test results and normal distribution of data, T-test has been used which shows the resilience. Resilience is not in a good situation in this neighborhood. Applying the principles of good urban governance is an undeniable necessity for the present and future vision of city management. Components such as transparency, accountability, participatory, rule of law, efficiency, consensus, justice, strategic vision and decentralization can play a central role in management plans as a way out of current problems and outline the future prospects. Iranian city to play

The city of Ahvaz, as one of the metropolises of Iran, is facing many livability challenges. These problems have severely affected the quality of life of the citizens and the livability in this city and require the special attention of city officials and planners. In this regard, the aim of the current research is to identify and prioritize indicators of good urban governance on the livability of Ahvaz city.

Methods and Material: 

This research has been done in terms of practical purpose and using descriptive-analytical method. In the qualitative part of the information, theoretical saturation was reached through interviews with 5 experts who were purposefully selected, and the method of thematic analysis identified 2 main components, 12 indicators and 36 effective sub-indices of good urban governance on urban livability in Ahvaz city. During targeted sampling, 40 experts were selected in the field of urban planning, urban development and environment. Then, in the quantitative section, using MARCOS multi-criteria decision-making and the weight of the criteria has been calculated by the hierarchical analysis method. Prioritizing indicators of good urban governance on urban livability in Ahvaz city showed that good urban governance, especially accountability, transparency and efficiency, has a direct effect on improving the quality of life in Ahvaz. The indicators of environment, housing and culture and society are most influenced by good urban governance, while the economic situation of the city needs more attention.

The results indicate that the Marcus model is sensitive to possible changes in the importance of decision-making criteria and sustainability. The method of selecting the most important effective factors of good urban governance on urban livability in Ahvaz city has been shown.

Numerous urban centers within the nation are contending with the predicament of compromised urban fabric. Tackling this challenge necessitates the development of an innovative model capable of leveraging the comprehensive potential of society through interdisciplinary collaboration. Consequently, this investigation emphasizes the significance of effective urban governance in the revitalization of degraded urban fabric. This scholarly inquiry evaluates the influence of sound governance on the rejuvenation of dilapidated and ineffective urban fabric within the Nematabad locality. The research design integrates both quantitative and qualitative methodologies (mixed-methods) and is fundamentally applied in nature. Initially, the MAXQDA software was employed to discern indicators (qualitative analysis). A comprehensive total of 13 dimensions and 40 indicators were delineated to evaluate the ramifications of effective governance on the restoration of compromised urban fabric. The collected data was subsequently scrutinized within the SPSS environment utilizing single-sample T-tests and Kendall's coefficient. The results of the T-test indicated that the mean for all indicators of effective urban governance, with the exception of the place attachment indicator (3.030), was below the average threshold. This outcome implies that the Nematabad locality does not exhibit a favorable condition relative to effective urban governance metrics. Furthermore, the findings from the Kendall test disclosed a significant association between the indicators of effective urban governance and the rejuvenation of deteriorated fabric in Nematabad. The most pronounced positive and direct effects were noted in the environmental-ecological indicators (0.270), cultural-social indicators (0.227), and physical-spatial indicators (0.186), whereas the economic indicators exhibited no significant impact, evidenced by a Kendall coefficient of -0.047. In light of these findings, it is advisable that governmental initiatives be directed accordingly.

Global experience shows that in developed countries as well as in developing countries, good governance to address the challenges and demands of the third millennium AD, especially urban management issues, is inevitable. Although the concept of governance has been widely discussed among policymakers and scholars, no strong consensus has yet been reached on a single definition of the concept. The purpose of this study is to evaluate and rank the neighborhoods of Genaveh in terms of indicators of good governance (participation, efficiency and effectiveness, accountability, political stability, social justice, access and information, legitimacy and community-based).

The research method is descriptive-compositional and its type is applied and the data collection methods are library and field which was designed by a questionnaire from 15 professors, specialists and officials. In order to prioritize the neighborhoods of Genaveh city in terms of indicators of good urban governance, the Fuzzy Vikor model has been used and to weight the indicators, the network analysis model (ANP) has been used.

The results of Fuzzy Vikor show that the governorate neighborhood with a weight of 0.000 is in the first rank of Genaveh neighborhoods. Nowruzabad neighborhood with a weight of 0.089 in the second rank, Motahhari alley neighborhood with a weight of 0.159 in the third rank, Besat alley neighborhood with a weight of 0.318 in the fourth rank, Abd Imam neighborhood with a weight of 0.403 in the fifth rank, Bazaar neighborhood with Weight 0.587 in the sixth rank, Chahjoo neighborhood with the weight of 0.649 in the seventh rank, Baba Ali Shah neighborhood with the weight of 0.812 in the eighth rank, Malsadat neighborhood with the weight of 0.877 in the ninth rank and Ershad neighborhood with the weight of 0.967 in It is ranked tenth and last.

Also, in terms of the level of desirability, the neighborhoods were ranked into four levels: the governorate neighborhoods, Motahhari and Nowruzabad alleys at the desired level, Besat and Abd Imam alley neighborhoods at the relatively desirable level, Bazaar and Chahjoo neighborhoods at the average level and Baba Alishah, Malsadat and Guidance is at an unfavorable level.

Mashhad is located in Khorasan Razavi Province, Iran, and is the second largest city of this country. According to the latest statistics of the Urban Renewal Organization of this city, it has 69 marginalized neighborhoods covering an area of approximately 3888 hectares. Shahid Rajaei neighborhood (Qaleh Sakhteman) has been one of the villages on the outskirts of Mashhad that, due to its location which is beside the city's main roads, over the past years came under the city's influence and became part of the service area. Considering its population, the neighborhood has severe shortages in service provision. Among the most recent approaches to urban management is good urban governance that takes into account the well-being of all residents. Considering the above-mentioned issues, this study tried to offer solutions to improve services regarding urban equipment (police stations and fire stations) considering the principles of good urban governance in Shahid Rajaei neighborhood, Mashhad. The scattered distribution of services in this neighborhood requires it to examine this issue in terms of urban planning to improve the mentioned services. Therefore, this study aimed to find solutions for improving services regarding the urban equipment (police stations and fire stations) based on good urban governance in Shahid Rajaei neighborhood of Mashhad.

The statistical population of this descriptive-analytical research included all residents of Shahid Rajaei neighborhood of Mashhad. The size of the sample was determined to be 384, considering the statistical blocks in 2016 and using Cochran's formula. Among the indicators of good urban governance, six indicators (participation, following the law, agreement tendency, strategic vision, decentralization, and equity) were selected and researched as independent variables. Moreover, urban equipment services (police stations and fire stations) were selected as dependent variable. Data were collected through a researcher-made questionnaire. Since the studied area holds eight urban neighborhoods (Arvand, Ansar, Mow’oud, Poor Sina, Keshavarz, Ma’ghoul, Amir Abad, and Shahid Rajaei), questionnaires were randomly distributed among the members of the neighborhoods in proportion to their population. Structural equation modeling in Smart PLS software was applied to analyze the data. Moreover, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) software was used for generating maps. The data were gathered through both library resources and field methods.

The average index of the variables based on a Likert scale showed that the current status of the indicators is low; that is, the scores that the respondents gave were moderate. This suggests that by strengthening the indicators of good urban governance in Shahid Rajaei neighborhood, service offering will be improved. The coefficient of determination showed that 80.7% of the changes in urban equipment services could be explained by good urban governance factors (i.e., participation, following the law, agreement tendency, strategic vision, decentralization, and equity). 

The comparison of the findings of this study with the findings of other studies will lead to a common framework. The goal of all these studies is to improve services, achieve a balanced distribution of land uses, and equitably distribute urban services. These studies also emphasize the suitable use of spaces as a means of enhancing social justice, creating equal opportunities for having different services, and providing suitable urban services to organize non-official settlements and ensure that all residents benefit from these services. The most significant difference between the findings of this research and the findings of other researches was its emphasis on urban managers’ agreement tendency (especially regarding the per capita share and utility services) amongst urban governance indicators in the non-official settlements. The results revealed that the indicators of agreement tendency, strategic vision, and participation hold the highest impact on improving services in the urban equipment (police stations and fire stations) in Shahid Rajaei neighborhood of Mashhad. Therefore, reaching an agreement upon the urban planning among urban managers for determining land uses at this city as well as the related regulations that originate from the strategic vision of these actors (i.e., governorate, municipality, department of roads and urban development, private organizations, etc.), will improve all the services in urban neighborhoods, especially such marginalized neighborhoods as Shahid Rajaei. This study recommended that service providers and actors in the field of good urban governance integrate different policies to achieve a great agreement and participation to improve services in this neighborhood.

Considering the challenges ahead in the way and type of management of free zones, including non-democratic management structure, unstable income, achieve a bright future for the Aras Free Zone, it is necessary to identify and outline the key drivers. The current research, with the perspective of future research, tries to identify the vital factors affecting the state of good governance in Aras Free Zone and investigate the effect of these factors on each other. This research, in terms of practical purpose and from library methods, survey, its nature is based on new methods in future research with an analytical and exploratory approach, using quantitative and qualitative models and analysis methods and structural cross-effects, such as Micmac and Delphi method. has benefited Based on this, during numerous discussion sessions and opinion gathering of experts and expert group of Aras Free Zone, 15 people as a statistical sample of the target population, 60 items or variables were identified in the form of 8 main indicators of good urban governance. Then, the above variables were weighted in the form of a 60x60 matrix of cross-effects by the elite group and defined in the Mic Mac software. What can be understood from the state of the dispersion map of the variables is the instability of the system. Therefore, according to the ranking of the direct and indirect effects of the variables and their scoring, the number of 21 variables that had more weight in both cases were identified as the main drivers of good urban governance in the free zone. Among the variables, citizens' and officials' trust in each other has the highest score and the most vital factor affecting good urban governance in Aras Free Zone, and administrators' adherence to the law, strategic vision, and social justice are ranked in the next ranks.

The main purpose of this study is to investigate the feasibility of good urban governance with an emphasis on spatial justice in the five regions of Urmia. The method of the present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in nature. Data collection is in the form of documents and field surveys. Data collection tools are in several forms: observation, questionnaire, interview. The statistical population of this study is the residents of 5 Regions of Urmia city. Using Cochran's formula, 384 numbers have been obtained which have been randomly distributed. To evaluate the status of good urban governance, the following indicators have been used: participation, efficiency, and effectiveness, transparency, justice and equality, accountability, responsibility, rule of law, and consensus. Data analysis was performed quantitatively using statistical methods such as one-sample t-test, Kruskal–Wallis and Spearman correlation, and SPSS and GIS software to analyze the data. The results of this study indicate that based on the analysis of per capita status of service Land uses, Region 5 has gained the first rank and Region 3 has gained the last rank. According to the evaluation results of good urban governance indicators, regions one, four, and five had a higher level than the average, and regions two and three had a lower level than the average. The results of correlation evaluation between independent and dependent components indicate that there is a strong direct relationship between them. According to the ranking results of the Kruskal–Wallis test, region one has the first rank, and region two has the fifth rank. Finally, according to the results of the Spearman test, there is a direct relationship between the distribution of land uses and indicators of good urban governance.

The purpose of this research is to achieve a conceptual model to estimate the comparing rate of parameters of good governance and resilience, moreover to find a relationship between urban good governance and resilience indicators and variables concerning inefficient urban textures, and finally to determine their amount of feasibility. The method of this research is quantative-scaling and correlational type. The main tool for this research is a questionnaire. Its justifiability is confirmed by a specialist board and its reliability is confirmed by Cronbach’s alpha (a>0/7). This questionnaire consists of three parts: the responders’ general characteristics, urban governance condition measurement (26 items), and resilience measurement (32 items). Statistical society of this research is chosen from Helal Ahmar (Red Crescent) neighborhood families. Helal Ahmar is in 11th district of Tehran municipality, in the central part of Tehran metropolis. Research sample size is calculated by Cochran formula according to the number of families in Helal Ahmar neighborhood. Multiple Regression model is used along with effective factors and indicators, to explain the effectiveness of each eight elements of urban governance on resilience. The results show that in Helah Ahmar neighborhood which is an inefficient urban texture, the following indicators from urban good governance: citizen participation, transparency, and lawfulness have the most effect on the resilience of this neighborhood. According to the significance level of these indicators the result can be generalized. Moreover, the results show that justice can have great effect on participation and lawfulness. Therefore, it can be concluded that justice has indirect effect on urban resilience.

The ever-increasing population of cities has created many problems for city management. Solving these problems has become a big challenge for urban management. Scientific and research centers and international organizations have introduced the approach of "good urban governance" as the most effective, least costly, and most sustainable method of urban management. Urban governance is a process formed based on the interaction between the official organizations and institutions of the city administration on the one hand, and non-governmental organizations and civil society organizations on the other. This article aims to analyze the feasibility of good governance in the urban management of Maku City by examining the indicators of good urban governance.

 The research method is descriptive-analytical and is of a functional type. The statistical population of this study includes two groups of citizens and experts (municipality and city council). Statistical tests using mean comparison (T-test and ANOVA) were used to analyze the data collected from the questionnaire.  

 The findings of this study are significant. From the citizens' viewpoint, all the indicators of good urban governance are at a low level. However, experts believe that only the participation index is low. Furthermore, all neighborhoods of Maku city are at a low level in terms of good urban governance, with significant differences observed in three indicators: rule of law, justice index, and strategic insight index. In summary, this study's results underscore the urgent need to improve the realization of good urban governance in Maku city.

Innovation: 

This research stands out from previous studies as it comprehensively examines eight indicators of good urban governance, both from the perspective of citizens and experts. The findings of this unique approach can be instrumental in various planning initiatives, particularly those that prioritize the decentralization of the urban management process.

The aim of this research is to evaluate the effects of the elements of good urban governance on the partial realization of security dimensions in the urban space, a case study of the 9th district of Tehran. The research method is descriptive-analytical. The data collection tool in this research was collected by a researcher-made questionnaire. Its validity was done by the formal method and its reliability was done by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The statistical population of the research was the citizens living in the urban area of District 9 of Tehran, and the sample size was considered to be 384 people using Cochran's formula. The findings of the research indicateimprovement in the target areas is very different from each other. T There is a significant correlation between the indicators of good urban governance with the index of transparency, justice and fairness, as well as effectiveness at a low level, and among the indicators of participation, consensus building at a medium level, as well as between the indicators of the rule of law, accountability, and efficiency at a higher level. The total results have shown that the degree of predictability of good urban governance indicators is different in the surveyed localities, so that the industrial areas of Fatah, Shahid Dastghaib have a positive index coefficient, and localities such as Imamzadeh Abdullah and Shamshimiri have a positive index coefficient. Average and the neighborhoods of South Mehrabad, Sar Asiyab, Ostad Moin and Dr. Hoshiar have a negative regression coefficient.

Resilience can provide the necessary platform to create a safe and appropriate environment against environmental hazards for all citizens. The purpose of this study is to investigate the components of good urban governance for the realization of earthquake-resistant city in the new urban Habitations of Isfahan metropolitan area.

Due to the studied components and the nature of the subject, the approach of this research is "descriptive-analytical". This research is applied in terms of purpose and in the research literature section to collect information from documentary and library methods and to collect information using the field method, a questionnaire has been distributed among experts and managers of the studied Habitations.

The results of the partial ranking show that in terms of the feasibility of the resilient city based on the components of good urban governance in the Isfahan Metropolitan, Majlesi Habitation with the sum of option 3 in the first place and Baharestan, Shahin Shahr, Sepahan shahr, Shahid Keshvari and Fooladshahr 6, 9, 12, 14 and 17 are ranked second to sixth, respectively.

Paying attention to good urban governance as a suitable platform for the realization of a resilient city is one of the most important issues that should be considered in the field of urban planning.

Increasing urbanization, population growth and the social, economic and environmental problems resulting from them, along with the growth and expansion of information and communication technology - as the main axis of transformation in the world - is the main feature of the 21st century. To deal with the challenge of cities, the concept of smart city has been presented. Good urban governance is presented as a prerequisite for a smart city by national and international organizations. Therefore, the idea of urban management and governance has been removed from its traditional state and improved. In other words, good and smart governance involves an open dialogue between citizens and city officials through an active ICT platform. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to answer the question that with the new changes in the field of technology in the cities of the country, especially the metropolises, what is the state of good governance indicators in the studied metropolis? And is the urban management in Tabriz metropolis able to improve the desirable urban governance indicators in line with the smart city indicators? The answers to the research questions have been done by using a combination of quantitative and qualitative models. The indicators of smart city and good urban governance have been extracted using questionnaire tools and statistics available in statistical yearbooks and analyzed in Python programming environment. The results show that the overall score of good governance in Tabriz metropolis is 0.436. Among the five indicators introduced by the United Nations, the effectiveness index is the most favorable and the equality index is the most unfavorable among other indicators.

Urban governance seeks to limit the role of the government to the extent of harmonizing and guarding the laws and to reduce its direct interference in decision-making, administration and implementation of affairs related to people's daily lives. The purpose of this research is to investigate the status of good governance indicators in the urban areas of Zahedan. The research method of the research is descriptive-analytical and library and field method (questionnaire tool) was used to collect the required information. The statistical population of the research consists of the citizens of Zahedan, including 592,968 people. The sample size was calculated by Cochran's formula of 360 people and the questionnaire was completed according to the population of each region by a simple random method at the level of the regions. In order to compare pairs of each of the indicators of good urban governance, after obtaining the opinions of 17 experts who have full knowledge of the city under study, using model A. H. Fuzzy foundation has been applied to the weighting of each index. To analyze the collected data, SPSS software, one-sample t-test and TOPSIS fuzzy model were used. The findings showed that the indicators of good urban governance in the areas of Zahedan city are in an unfavorable situation. Also, the results obtained from prioritizing the five regions of Zahedan city with the Fuzzy Topsis model in terms of good urban governance indicators show that region 1 with a weight of 0.818 ranks first. Region 4 is in the fifth and last place with a weight of 0.000. Region 2 with a weight of 0.722, Region 5 with a weight of 0.636 and Region 3 with a weight of 0.289 are in the second to fourth ranks respectively in terms of good urban governance indicators.

The right to the city is a human right that includes the city belonging to all citizens and their participation in urban affairs. The right to a city is to ensure equal opportunities and the proper distribution of services and facilities that can play an effective two-way relationship with good urban governance.The present study was applied in terms of type of purpose and in terms of nature and descriptive-analytical method and library and field methods were used to collect data. The statistical population consists of citizens living in the metropolis of Tabriz, which according to the census of the Statistics Center in 2016 had a population of 1558693 people and 497898 households, which using the Cochran's formula, 337 citizens were selected as a sample. In the selection of citizens, people over 20 years of age were interviewed and cluster sampling method was used for sampling in ten metropolitan areas. Data were analyzed using one-sample t-test, mean, Kruskal-Wallis, geographical weight regression and path analysis. Indicators of the right to city theory at the level of Tabriz metropolis have various effects on the realization of good urban governance from the perspective of citizens. Thus, the indicators of acceptance of urban differences and contradictions with a value of 0.242 and freedom of activity in urban space with a value of 0.145 have had the greatest impact on the realization of good urban governance in the metropolis of Tabriz.

Hekmar, a good city is a new method of urban management in which, through the improvement of several factors, it can include sustainable economic development and high quality of life. On the other hand, one of the concerns of managers and urban planners in The big cities of the country, including the city of Mashhad, which needs planning to solve it, are dilapidated urban tissues. Now it is necessary to see how good urban governance can take steps to achieve the organization of dilapidated urban tissues. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the status of good urban governance indicators in the dilapidated context of Mashhad city from the citizens' point of view and to identify the status of good urban governance indicators in each of the dilapidated context areas. The research method in this research is based on descriptive-analytical method. And the required information has been collected from two documentary and field methods (questionnaire). And it has been analyzed using Spss software and t-test, analysis of variance and multiple regression. The statistical population of this research is about 519,924 people based on the census of 1395, and using the Cochran sampling method, the sample size is 384. has been The results of the t-test show that the indicators of good governance in Mashhad are not in a favorable state. The results of the analysis of variance show that among the areas of worn-out fabric in Mashhad, areas 6 and 10 are in the worst condition with an average of 1.92 and 2.04, respectively. At the end, according to the results of the research, there are suggestions to improve the condition of these indicators. It is presented in the worn context of Mashhad city.

Today, the underlying driver of urban issues is the problems that the administrative bodies of the cities and metropolises, such as municipalities, struggle with, and the failure in informing the public and clarifying performance, legality, consensus and collective wisdom of authorities, participation, etc., have undermined their performance. This research aims to elaborate on the status of good urban governance using the mixed method in the new city of Golbahar. To investigate the status of good governance dimensions in the new city of Golbahar, 385 questionnaires were distributed among citizens, 48 questionnaires were submitted to municipal and city council experts, and semi-structured interviews were conducted with 10 officials of the ​​new cities. Then, adopting a mixed approach, which merges quantitative (descriptive-analytical) and qualitative methods, the status of good urban governance indicators in Golbahar was evaluated. The results derived from the analysis of good urban governance indicators suggest that their average scores, with the exception of legality, transparency and strategic vision, were below average as reported by citizens (within the relative range of 2.5 to 3.5). Moreover, the results of qualitative analysis revealed that the main flaws and inadequacies plaguing governance in the management system of the new city of Golbahar are lack of motivation and sense of belonging to the place in the citizens, non-transparency of the laws and the citizens' mistrust in the authorities.

The present study examines and explains the place of good urban governance in housing market management and analyzes the relationship between effective urban policies and housing market performance. Due to the increase in the urbanization population and the growing demand for housing, challenges have been created in the field of providing affordable and sustainable housing for all sections of the society. Using quantitative and qualitative data, this article shows how good urban governance can act as a key tool in improving housing market conditions. In this regard, the main concepts of transparency, accountability, public participation, social fairness and environmental sustainability have been identified as the pillars of good urban governance and their impact on housing market management has been discussed. The study of case experiences from different cities of the world shows that adopting new approaches in urban governance can help solve issues related to housing supply and demand and lead to sustainable urban development. The study also emphasizes the importance of collaboration between governments, the private sector, non-profit organizations and local communities, and examines how these collaborations can be effective in creating creative and cost-effective solutions to housing issues. Finally, the analysis suggests that good urban governance in the housing market means adopting multidimensional approaches to solving complex problems. It involves collaboration between different sectors of government, the private sector and non-governmental organizations to create innovative and sustainable solutions. It involves collaboration between different sectors of government, the private sector and non-governmental organizations to create innovative and sustainable solutions.