historical sites

The environmental consequences of land subsidence are destructive, costly and irreparable, and include creating cracks on the surface of the earth, damaging human structures such as building foundations, streets, bridges, roads, and power transmission lines. Sewage is destruction of irrigation systems and fertile agricultural soils and damage to ancient sites. Remote sensing methods, unlike mapping data and topographical maps, which are in physical contact with terrestrial phenomena, are without the slightest interference on terrestrial phenomena, and measuring and evaluating changes in phenomena are evaluated from a distance. Short receiving time and high spatial accuracy of radar images have made it used as a general and widely used tool to estimate land subsidence. According to the statistics announced in the country of Iran, the adverse effects caused by land subsidence are not a low number and are rapidly developing and spreading in different regions of the country. Leave irreparable damage. Ardabil plain, with its rich underground water resources and good soil, has always been of interest in the last half century and has been a suitable place for providing drinking water and agriculture. With the boom of agriculture from the 1960s onwards and as a result the excessive harvest from the aforementioned table since 1363, the aforementioned source began to decline and the continuation of this situation in the following years caused this plain to become more critical.

In order to carry out this research, the data of 22 piezometric wells in the Ardabil plain have been used. The time period used in this research is a 7-year period from 1395 to 1402. The method used for the data of this section is the BRF method, as one of the methods of radial functions, which is used due to its low error value and high accuracy. SAR images of the European Space Agency's Sentinel 1 satellite in SLC format and with vv polarization have been used to find out the changes in land subsidence in the Ardabil plain. The images used by the Sentinel 1 satellite (in c-band with a wavelength of 5.6 cm) are in the group of sensors with medium resolution in terms of spatial resolution. The radar interferometry method provides the possibility of producing a digital model of the ground height, whose optimal height accuracy for c-band data with a wavelength of 5.6 cm is about 5 meters. This method is able to reveal surface changes in the ground in different intervals with millimeter accuracy by using at least 2 or more radar images. In this method, an artificial interferogram is produced with the help of digital elevation model of the earth and conversion of height into phase, and in this way, with the help of reverse DEM data, the phase effect caused by topography is calculated and removed from the phase difference values. The remaining phase difference belongs to the effect of surface displacement and atmosphere.

The results of the investigation of piezometric wells in the area of Ardabil Plain show that the maximum drop in the underground water level is 48.77 meters in the southeast of Ardabil Plain and the lowest drop in the underground water level is 1.57 meters in the north. Eastern Ardabil plain was calculated. The amount of fluctuations in the water level of piezometric wells shows that the highest amount of fluctuations was in the area of Pirqavam wells, Arallovi Bozor and Khalil Abad lands. The lowest fluctuation was also observed in the area of Agchechai wells, Nojedeh. In the studied time period, the water level of Khalilabad piezometric well in 2015 was 2.96 meters, while in 1402, the water level in this area reached 46.3 meters. During 7 years, the water level has dropped by 43 meters, which indicates a critical situation in this sector. The lowest fluctuation of the water level is also for the Aghche-chai well. The land subsidence map of Ardabil plain shows that: the south-eastern parts of Ardabil city and also to some extent in the southern part have suffered ground subsidence due to the extraction of underground water. In the next order, the western parts of Ardabil city are prone to land subsidence. Based on this map, the maximum amount of ground subsidence has been calculated at around 598 mm in the area of Khalil Abad well. In the area of Khalil Abad well, the situation of underground water level drop is very critical and it has dropped by 43 meters during 7 years from 1395 to 1402. The overlapping results of the underground water level and co-depth curves with the results of radar interferometry show the accuracy of the findings in this section. Overlapping the location of the historical sites with the land subsidence map shows that, first of all, Tapraqlu hill (first millennium BC) is in the area of land subsidence with a rate of 250 mm.

The results of the application of this method revealed a very high level of land subsidence for the Ardabil plain (598 mm during a 7-year period). The southeastern areas of Ardabil plain have found a critical situation in recent years due to unprincipled exploitation and lack of proper management. Overlapping the location of the historical sites with the land subsidence map showed that Taparaglu hill with a rate of 250 mm and Ozrik Tepe-si with a rate of 69 mm are in the area of land subsidence, respectively. The three historic sites of Qala-Bovini, Niar Tepesi and Tezre Tepesi are also located in the area prone to land subsidence with rates of 27 mm, 46 mm and 49 mm, respectively. The cause of land subsidence in the Ardabil plain, according to the studies conducted on the changes in the underground water level, is the excessive exploitation of the underground water resources for the cultivation of agricultural products and providing the possibility of compaction of the underlying layers. In general, it can be said that the research results indicate the involvement of historical sites in the area of land subsidence.

This study focuses on the management of the central urban core of Hamadan, utilizing historical attractions and emphasizing the utilization of historical spaces. The research aims to determine the historical capacities of the central core in tourism development and identify key management components with a specific focus on historical attractions. The statistical population for this research comprises residents, tourists, and businesses located within the central core of Hamadan city. The study falls under the category of fundamental research, employing a descriptive and analytical research method. Data and information were collected using both library and field methods. The SWAT technique, questionnaire surveys, and the SPSS software were employed for data analysis. The research findings demonstrate that the sub-criterion of local investment participation significantly contributes to the development of tourism in the region. Incentive facilities such as granting loans, reducing taxes, and providing specialized entrepreneurial consultations to local investors can encourage local capital to be directed towards the development of tourism-based activities.

The development of the tourism industry is one of the most important economic and social events in today's societies. In this regard, the historical complex of the city of Chaleshtor, located in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province, due to its historical background and the privileged geographical features of the region in which it is located, can benefit from economic benefits (employment, income, etc.) and social opportunities. , political and cultural also benefit the residents of the region and the country. The main goal of this research is to create a new window for the development of tourism in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province by examining the pathology of this historical complex from the point of view of visitors and to provide suitable solutions for the development of tourism in this region. Therefore, in this research, we are looking for an answer to the question, what are the problems and obstacles to attract tourists in this collection? And which of these problems has a negative and significant impact on the number of annual visits by tourists to this castle? The statistical population investigated in this research includes all the visitors of the Chaleshtor Castle, among them, using Cochran's A formula (including 90% confidence factor and ten% error), statistics and simple random sampling method, a sample of 130 people was selected through the completion Questionnaires were asked in the summer of 1401 and the data were described and analyzed. In the current research, the research method is descriptive-analytical and based on the EVIEWS analytical model and using the OLS method, the results obtained show the fact that among the five investigated variables (the absence of a place to rest, including (restaurants and coffee shops) , lack of tourist guides in the castle, lack of parking, lack of stalls providing services in the castle and lack of benches and space to sit), the variable of lack of a place to rest including (restaurants and coffee shops) is significant with a lower probability of five percent And an increase of one unit has a negative and significant effect of 0.189 units on the number of visits to the castle.

Historical sites are signified as important motivation factors in the tourism industry. These destinations have been pictured in historical travelogues and base a data source for gaining knowledge about the history of these sites. But does imaging these destinations follow a pattern among its writers and can these probable patterns be similar to the patterns presented for tourism destinations? For this research the Persepolis-Pasargadae Historical Range was chosen and historical sites in this axis were selected for investigation. The purpose was to assess the perception of historical tourists in this historical range from their written travelogues. Therefore, 65 travelogues were gathered and what they had pictured from these sites was evaluated using the Grounded Theory method.  Results supported the theory that the perception of historical tourists does follow a certain pattern. By comparing the resulted patterns with what is indicated as destination image, a richer concept of destination image emerged for historical sites. This new concept complemented the dimensions of the concept of destination image with in-depth and richer components. Obtained results can be considered as a basis for the development of historical tourism sites.

cultural or heritage tourism is a tool of economic development that leads to economic growth by attracting visitors from outside the host community of historic and heritage attractions of destinations. this is a human heritage as cultural traditions of each society and is considered as cultural tourist attractions. In this regard, Yazd city is an ancient city and having ancient culture, and also having rich cultural heritage as cultural tourism products. despite these attractions, especially the urban attractions have possessing importance because reflected of Iranian civilization identity and culture and is considered as a component of development of Yazd city. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of these culture attractions in the development of cultural tourism in Yazd city.
Based on components studied is research Type, applied and methods of study, descriptive- analytical. Statistical population under study in this research is 384 internal tourists visitor of heritage- cultural the attractions of Yazd city in 2014, which is calculated based on Cochrane sampling. To analyze of Influence degree of development different indicators in cultural tourism has been used from network analysis model (ANP) and SWOT planning model in order to Formulation strategic planning of cultural tourism development in the city of Yazd. Attractions and capabilities of destinations heritage - cultural are as independent variables and Cultural and urban tourism development as dependent variables.
Review the number of Internal and external tourists Yazd province in during the spring and summer 2011 shows around 1,244,048 tourists were entered in the province that 92 percent of this tourists namely around 1,144,524 are tourists that have visited of cultural - historical monuments city of Yazd. Of this number tourists, 404,389 tourists have most likely a day trip and 839,659 tourists had to stay overnight at the hotel in town. Investigating the number of tourists who have visited from historical sites Yazd city during the years 2007 to 2011 shows that after from 2009 the number of tourist arrivals sharply has decreased So that this number of 40,360 foreign tourists in 2009 has declined to 17,271 tourists in 2011 years. Also the number of internal tourists has decreased from 422,293 visitors in 2009 to 344,418 tourists in 2011.Today, tourism growth and become more competitive, is undeniable necessity for the development and promotion of qualitative and quantitative functions and infrastructure needed for tourists. In this regard, considering that there are a lot of historical places and tourism in Yazd city. Tourist facilities in Yazd city is significantly more than any other city or cities. From number 42 hotel in provinces, 47 hotels are located in the Yazd city, which by itself represents this concentration of tourist facilities in Yazd city. Also there are 36 tourism offices in provinces that from this is located 26 tourist office in Yazd city. The results of field surveys shows 43/1 percent of Internal tourists are complete acquaintance with historical and tourism sites of city that is represents an effective advertising in this field. in this regard, 78/9 percent of tourist believe that cultural attractions advertising in the city Yazd city, a lot of can be effective in outlining the true face of Islamic- Iran culture and attract of internal tourists. analytical findings based on network analysis Shows indicators of cultural tourism capacities with amount 0/124 and tourists satisfy with 0/116are a very important factor in increasing of development cultural tourism in Yazd city.
The first step in analyzing strategic planning of cultural tourism in Yazd city is to identify the dimensions and variables affecting in growth of this type of tourism. So the first attempt to extracted strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of this kind of tourism. equal with investigations conducted in relation to cultural tourism in Yazd city, have allocated weaknesses and threats in this type of tourism, with coefficients of 8/41 and 7/36 most amount and strengths and opportunities with coefficients 6/12 and 6/54 lowest amount. Status of cultural tourism in Yazd city is faced with numerous weaknesses. this means that with current planning process, greater emphasis there have been on increasing the number of tourist arrivals and income increase in this field of tourism and been neglected to issues like investment and participation of private sector in order the restoration and maintenance of heritage–cultural phenomena. So that this heritage and cultural attractions that reflect the culture of people Yazd is very attractive for domestic and foreign tourists are slowly affected by erosion So that this heritage and cultural attractions that reflect the culture of people Yazd and is very attractive for Internal and external tourists are slowly affected by erosion. Therefore, to provide strategic planning of cultural tourism for Yazd city will be used win strategy because this strategy will completely disable the internal negative factors. in this regard, provide a coordinated program and integrated management in all sectors of cultural tourism, holding event and cultural – religious rituals in historic place, investment in the sector material cultural heritage, cooperation with universities, reconstruction and rehabilitation of historic centers as a attraction major of cultural tourism, human resource management, maintenance and preservation of cultural heritage by establishing a heritage museum, use of glass Shield or fences for historic homes and other historic sites are important and vulnerable, create the residential centers in the towns periphery of Yard to more durability tourists and visitors historical monuments, create vast green spaces in the center and historical attractions with maintaining non-interference and non-damaging to the historic attractions, commercial use of historic homes on the condition of invulnerability and destruction and the signing of a memorandum of cooperation in the field of absorb and transmit tourists between the three provinces of Isfahan, Fars and Yazd, and also set up a joint educational centers and training cultural heritage Studies Have the most impact on the Development of cultural tourist attractions in Yazd.