infrastructure

Cultural-heritage tourism is important in representing the identity of its society as a distinctive aspect of the culture of any society. Visitors' dissatisfaction with the infrastructure disrupts the nature of the heritage. Therefore, paying attention to the category of tourism infrastructure to promote awareness, provides one of the effective grounds for the development of cultural-heritage tourism. The Takht-e-Soleiman World Heritage Complex welcomes domestic and foreign tourists every year due to its luxurious capital located in the city of Takab in West Azerbaijan province, but it is centralized in terms of the quality of tourism infrastructure.

The present study seeks to answer the question "What are the indicators of the quality of infrastructure in the field of heritage cultural tourism?" It deals with the role of infrastructure. Also, the answer to the question "From the tourists' point of view, what is the quality status of each of the cultural-heritage tourism infrastructures in the Takht-e-Soleiman World Heritage Area?" was investigated in explaining the achievement of the principles of tourism development in this valuable complex. The research method was analyzed as a mixed (qualitative-quantitative) applied type using structured questions in a five-point Likert format in SPSS software and 57 internal and external variables of 7 levels were identified to investigate the problems in the quality of infrastructure.

The results showed that most of the points of collision and interference happened in the marginal parking area of ​​commercial-service uses and with the area of ​​influence from the whole city that has not even provided the minimum parking area specified in the approved detailed plan of this city. Therefore, for any request for creation, development, or change of land use, its traffic impacts must be checked in addition to complying with the established principles and criteria.

The nomadic community, as one of the primary producers of livestock products and key providers of protein, plays a significant role in ensuring and enhancing the country's food security. Given this community's unique environmental and economic conditions, it is essential to strengthen the resilience of its critical infrastructure against both natural and human-made threats. This research aims to identify and prioritize indicators that enhance the resilience of infrastructure within nomadic communities through a passive defense approach, with a particular emphasis on national food security. In this research, the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method was utilized to gather and analyze the opinions of experts and specialists in relevant fields. This approach aimed to identify and prioritize the key indicators for enhancing resilience. The results of this study indicated that developing sustainable water supply infrastructure, establishing healthcare centers, providing resources and equipment for emergencies to ensure the continuity of essential activities, creating support funds, and empowering the nomadic community through education to address threats are among the fundamental priorities for enhancing the resilience of the nomadic community's infrastructure. The implementation and application of the identified indicators play a crucial role in enhancing infrastructure resilience within nomadic communities and strengthening the country's capacity for food security. The findings of this study can assist policymakers in identifying key indicators necessary for improving national food security and enhancing the sustainability of nomadic communities in addressing critical situations.

Today, tourism, as one of the most important sustainable development industries, creates great economic, social and cultural opportunities for megacities and the mother cities of the world. Today, infrastructure plays an important role in world tourism. The most important of these facilities are accommodation-reception centers, transportation and means of communication, advertising and culture, which along with attractions can boost tourism in the region.

This research is practical in terms of its purpose and in terms of implementation method it is descriptive research with emphasis on correlational method. The statistical population related to this research includes all citizens over 18 years old and under 60 years old in Bushehr  city as well as active organizations in The field of tourism is in 1402, the number of citizens according to the latest housing census of Bushehrbushehr province is 223504people.

According to the findings of the research, the value of the coefficient of determination (R^2) for the variable of the influence of tourism infrastructure factor on sustainable tourism in Bushehr province and its components is equal to 0.250. According to the obtained t-values, it should be mentioned that the factor load related to the questions and also the t-values related to the tourism infrastructure factor are more than the basic and standard value of 1.96.

Also, the results showed that the discussion of attracting tourism in the effectiveness of the tourism infrastructure component on various aspects of sustainable tourism including the cultural dimension, the economic dimension, the social dimension, and the environmental dimension in Bushehr city is an effective and constructive emphasizing factor that Kelly showed that the hypothesis that tourism infrastructure has a significant impact on sustainable tourism with an emphasis on the attraction of commercial tourism in Bushehr city is confirmed and positive.

Infrastructure development is a sustainable strategy that plays an important role in increasing rural living standards by improving the quality of life and providing amenities, and it also helps to develop and change urban ecology. In this way, it can be a step in the realization of reverse migration. Considering the importance of this issue, in the present research, the role of infrastructure in the realization of reverse migration in the central part of Borujerd city was investigated.

The current research is practical in terms of its purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of its method. The tool for collecting data and information was a researcher-made questionnaire. The statistical population of the current research is experts and rural experts, villagers, educated people, facilitators, resident immigrants and local informants of the central part of Borujerd city. 100 samples were selected using non-probability sampling method and targeted method. To analyze the data, descriptive analysis, one-sample t-test and structural equation model (SEM) were used.

The findings showed that the condition of existing infrastructure in the central part of Borujerd city was favorable. Also, the results obtained from the modeling of structural equations showed that the research model, according to the coefficients of the direct path, is respectively influenced by communication infrastructure with a coefficient of 0.49, construction infrastructure with a coefficient of 0.34, welfare infrastructure with a coefficient of 0.29, and infrastructure with a coefficient of 0.29. health and education with a coefficient of 0.23 and service infrastructure with a coefficient of 0.19. The p value of all lambda parameters in the above model indicates the confirmation of all relationships.

The standard estimations of infrastructures and reverse migration model showed that in the studied infrastructures, communication infrastructure with factor load and direct impact coefficient of 0.49 had the greatest impact on reverse migration in the rural areas of the central part of Borujerd city. The service infrastructure with factor load and direct impact coefficient of 0.19 has the lowest direct impact.

Tourism is one of the most prosperous economic activities in the world and is so important in economic and social development of countries that economists have called invisible export. In the meantime, religious tourism, as a pilgrimage among all the international religions, especially the religion of Islam, plays a special place. In this study, the role of factors affecting the increase of religious tourism demand has been investigated. The research is based on a review of findings reported in previous research. Studies have presented a variety of factors that affect the demand for religious tourism, the most important of which could be divided into three groups: infrastructure factors, drivers and barriers to religious tourism. Infrastructure factors include transportation, food and restaurants, services and attractions. Drivers describe existing information (advertising), coordination between related organizations, the appropriateness of route systems, identifying the motivation and beliefs of tourists, online resources, tourism research, tourist safety, accessibility of sites, expansion of spaces and associated facilities. Finally, barriers to religious tourism embrace poor management, lack of a communication network structure, and absence of professional support. 

Religious tourism is one of the growing and changing sectors in the world tourism market) Collins-Kreiner, 2019( and religious motives are still one of the most common reasons for traveling around the world )Sołjan & Liro, 2021). Religious and pilgrimage tourism should contribute to sustainable growth in terms of providing a high level of tourist satisfaction along with meaningful and unique experiences (Lopez, 2013) and helping to preserve natural resources and cultural heritage, as well as the traditional values of communities, thus ensuring long-term economic and social benefits (Roxas et al., 2020).

In this research, according to the different stages of the research, the method of library studies including books, articles, dissertations and Internet search was used. For this purpose, first, studies on religious tourism and the factors affecting it were conducted in books, articles, and especially the empirical background of the research. After that, the theoretical foundations of the research on the subject were extracted and written. Then, all the factors affecting religious tourism, according to the opinion of supervisors and consultants, were classified into three groups: infrastructure factors, effective factors and barriers to religious tourism demand. 

By examining the theoretical foundations and background of the research conducted on the subject of research, various factors were identified as effective factors in attracting religious tourists, including: Transportation, information and advertising, coordination between relevant organizations, food and restaurants, services, accommodation services, lack of specialized support, attractions, appropriateness of communication, understanding the motivation and beliefs of tourists, Internet resources, providing accurate information, tourism research, weakness of specialized management , Ensuring the security of tourists, suitable location and location, expansion of spaces and creation of ancillary facilities, lack of communication network structure. 

Religious tourism, as one of the most important sub-sectors of the large and diverse global tourism industry, has a special place in the economic growth of countries, especially our country. In recent decades, religious tourism has increased in most countries of the world and people have become more interested in visiting religious places and customs of different religions and cultures. Therefore, religious tourism, as a part of the dynamic tourism industry with distinctive and unique features, has an important share of economic and productive activities of developed and developing countries and as one of the most important drivers of economic growth; it is considered in many countries around the world.

The resilience approach has gained an important place in various sciences, including urban and regional studies, during the last two decades. This matter is very important in the balanced, flexible and wise arrangement of the basic infrastructures, especially in the areas that are exposed to climate change and the damages caused by it. The research literature shows that many analytical models and frameworks have been presented to measure the resilience of vital and infrastructure systems. One of the most important models for evaluating the quality and capacity of resilience in infrastructure systems is the resilience adaptation cycle model. Considering the importance of resilience of critical infrastructures in Khuzestan province, this research has explained the resilience capacity of critical infrastructures in this province using this model.

For the collection of descriptive data, documentary and library studies were used, and for the analytical data part, a survey method was used in the form of a targeted Delphi method. In this regard, the opinions of 30 experts and specialists were used in two stages, in the field of resilience of critical infrastructures and urban and regional planning. The first stage is to explain and explain the subject, model stages, indicators related to each of them and confirmation by experts, and the second stage is to weigh and measure the quality of the province's vital infrastructures in 5 infrastructures of electricity, gas, water, telecommunications and transportation. The basis of the resilience adaptation cycle model and the constituent indicators of the stages of the model have been discussed. To analyze the opinions of experts and outputs, the model of similarity to the fuzzy ideal option has been used.

The analysis of the results related to the indicators of the collapse stage as the first stage in the resilience adaptation cycle model for the critical infrastructures of the province when hazards occur shows that the critical electricity infrastructure has the lowest weight in all indicators and subsequently weak. It is the highest quality from the point of view of resilience, and from the point of view of the mentioned indicators, it has the priority of improvement. The analysis of the resilience capacity of the province's vital infrastructures in the reorganization stage as the second stage of the resilience adaptation cycle model shows that the electricity infrastructure has the weakest and lowest rank in all the indicators of this stage. It shows the low resilience of this infrastructure in Khuzestan province. The productivity stage is the third stage in the resilience adaptation cycle model to measure the resilience capacity of critical infrastructures in the province, and the results of this stage indicate that the critical electricity infrastructure has the lowest rating and the weakest quality in terms of resilience, just like the previous stages. Is. The balance stage is the last stage and the most complete stage in the resilience adaptation cycle model, the status of its indicators for the critical infrastructures of Khuzestan province shows that the open power facilities have the lowest weights and the weakest quality from the perspective of resilience. It is in the equilibrium stage.

The results of this research show that among the vital infrastructures of the province, the electricity infrastructure had an unfavorable condition from the point of view of resilience in all four stages of the model. After this infrastructure, the water infrastructure had a worse condition and received the lowest weights. Also, the infrastructures of gas, telecommunications and transportation, respectively, obtained the third to fifth ranks of resilience in the form of the resilience adaptation cycle model in the province. The final analysis of the quality of critical infrastructures of the province from the point of view of the stages of the resilience adaptation cycle model showed that the reorganization stage has the weakest quality and subsequently has a higher priority for planning in order to improve the quality of infrastructural resilience in Khuzestan province. The results of this research can pave the way for policies based on the resilient design of the province's vital infrastructure against natural hazards caused by climate change.

The present study has been done by examining the important options of economic and physical indicators of rural areas of Kermanshah city in order to analyze and evaluate the quality of life of villagers. The purpose of this article is the effect of quality of life indicators from the perspective of villagers with a modeling and structural equation approach. The present research is applied research in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlational research in nature. Using Cochran's formula, the statistical sample of 350 heads of households was determined. These numbers were selected by simple random sampling method. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software and structural equation modeling (SEM). The results obtained from the study show that the level of satisfaction with the quality of life of villagers in Kermanshah is not in good condition; Because according to economic indicators, the coefficient of having a suitable income, meeting the basic needs of life, the employment situation in rural areas has been unsuitable. Regarding the quality level of infrastructure, the ratio of electricity, telephone and radio and television antennas is in favorable condition and other indicators such as access to communication, access to safe drinking water, fuel distribution station and access to financial and credit services Poorly rated. And other indicators such as resistance to natural hazards, use of resistant materials, aesthetic shape and form, separation of livestock, waste collection methods, have not been favorable conditions.

Introduction In order to overcome the challenges and develop the villages, various solutions and approaches have been presented. One of these solutions is creativity, which was labeled as destructive economy and creative economy since the emergence of the new economy. This component is actually the ability to create social experiences and networking through lasting events, which is considered the main indicator in the field of competition and at the same time, sustainability. Meanwhile, some researchers such as David McGranan (2007) applied creative theory about rural areas. In this theory, it is believed that rural areas bring economic growth by attracting people in creative professions. The results of the study of this theory showed that the suburbs and villages with a large proportion of people in creative jobs have a large amount of patents, acceptance of production technology and job growth. The fact that many people are interested in returning to the village environment at the current time shows the importance of the village and the existence of creative fields in these areas. Despite this identification of the pillars, infrastructures and indicators related to rural creativity, it opens the way for the development of these areas and creates the necessary ground for maintaining, attracting and cultivating creative people.In this regard, considering the youth of the rural population of Qala-No district in Ray County and the necessity of creating employment for this young population and diversifying economic activities, the necessity of examining the pillars, infrastructure and indicators of the creative village in the settlement The effects of this section are felt more than before. In addition, the rural communities of Qala Nou district are somehow struggling with the problem of unemployment, and the dimensions of this problem have affected the economic, social and even political sectors, and this problem is one of the most important economic and social problems of the villages of the district. It is clear that solving this problem depends to a great extent on the spatial evaluation and analysis of rural settlements against the pillars, infrastructures and indicators of the formation of a creative village. In this regard, this study seeks to To examine and explore this question, what are the pillars, infrastructures and indicators of the formation of the creative village in the settlements of Qale Nou district of Ray County?Methodology This applied research was carried out with a descriptive-analytical approach in the year (2021), in the rural settlements of Qala Nou district of Ray County. In terms of purpose, the type of research was applied and of a survey type in order to identify and conceptualize the elements, infrastructures and indicators of the formation of the creative village. The data needed for the research was collected by documentary-field method (questionnaire and observation). The tool used in this research was a questionnaire, which was compiled with studies from articles related to the research and in accordance with the studied area, and the indicators were compiled in the form of questions and reflected in the form of a questionnaire. The process of data analysis was done in several parts. In the beginning, the situation of each of the indicators of the pillars, infrastructures and indicators of the formation of the creative village was investigated using the sample T-Tech test, and then it was ranked using the FBMW model Each of its elements and identifiers, its infrastructures and identifiers, and its indicators and identifiers were discussed.Results and discussion The results of the research showed that the villages of Qala Nou district in Ray County are in favorable conditions in terms of pillars and infrastructure and can be very effective in forming a creative village, but in the field of creativity indicators, it should be mentioned , that in a series of indicators, the villages of Qale Nou district are in an unfavorable situation, most of the unfavorable indicators are caused by the management situation or in other words, the unfavorable governance of the village. In the following, the results showed that among the proposed pillars, the village space with a weight of 0.345 has the highest weight, among the proposed infrastructures, the infrastructure of creative industries with a weight of 0.366, among the proposed indicators. , the promotion and education index with a weight of 0.378 has been assigned the highest weight. Finally, the results of spatial analysis of rural settlements showed that Firozabad village has the highest score and Qomiabad village has the lowest score in reaching the creative village.Conclusion Creativity in villages is a tool to reveal individual abilities, develop the spirit of innovation, diversify businesses, increase the income of villagers, opportunism, optimal use of resources available to villagers, identification of existing economic opportunities, reducing rural poverty and so on. Since the villages are full of new and undiscovered opportunities, the timely discovery and exploitation of these opportunities and competitiveness based on them can bring significant economic benefits to the villagers, but It should be noted that the formation of a creative village requires the provision of pillars, infrastructures and indicators. In other words, creativity is conditioned by the existence of pillars, infrastructures and indicators of formation in geographical spaces and among the active human forces stationed there. Based on the results of the present research, it can be revealed that the analysis of the formation of the creative village in Ray city in Qala Nou sector should be done in an integrated manner and subject to the pillars, infrastructure and indicators.

For the successful development of tourism, the existence of appropriate infrastructure is necessary, especially for less developed countries and regions that often have limited infrastructure, its existence and expansion is considered a vital factor. Due to its favorable climatic and environmental conditions, Kurdistan has been considered as one of the human settlements since prehistoric times and the results of scientific archaeological excavations in ancient places indicate this. In Kurdistan, about 1,234 ancient works have been identified, of which 500 works have been registered in the list of national works. In addition to historical attractions, Kurdistan has a unique ability in terms of shopping tourism, ecotourism and cultural and folkloric features. The purpose of the current research is to analyze the infrastructures of tourism development in Kurdistan province. In order to collect the required information, documentary and library methods (Iran Statistical Center and Statistical Yearbook of Kurdistan Province) have also been used, as well as ARAS technique for data analysis. The results show that only two cities, Bijar and Qorveh, are privileged, and the rest of the cities (Dehgolan, Sarvabad, Baneh, Diwandre, Kamiyaran, Sanandaj, Saqez and Marivan) are relatively privileged.

Today, tourism is the most important economic activity in the world on the one hand and the most important scientific issue on the other hand. Therefore, policies, strategies, and tourism planning are important intellectual challenges of the human community. The length of the Gulf of Oman in the southeast of Balochistan is wide. The present study is an applied research in terms of its purpose and descriptive-analytical based on the nature and method. Its sample size has been determined based on Cochran's formula of 384 people. The general results of the research confirm that the infrastructure and facilities in the study area have favorable growth only in small parts of the region while they have not been very desirable in other parts. Also, with 95% confidence it can be said that transportation, welfare and hospitality facilities, tourism infrastructure intermediary services, etc. have all significant effect on the development of tourism in Makran beaches.

The expansion of urbanization and the concentration of facilities in metropolitan areas have forced people to live in these cities,. New cities have been established to solve these problems and to organize the overflow of the population. Examining the urban infrastructure of new cities leads to extracting their strengths and weaknesses. More accurate planning should be formed to attract the population and the coefficient survival in these cities should be higher. Accordingly, in this study, two new cities, Pardis and Hashtgerd, have been studied to measure the level of citizens' satisfaction with urban infrastructure. Criteria and indicators have been explained through a review of valid international texts and the level of satisfaction has been collected through a questionnaire (381 items) in each city. The research method is descriptive-analytical and to examine the indicators, one-sample t-test, factor analysis model, and linear regression in Amos software environment have been statistically analyzed. For this purpose, first, the significance and appropriateness of the indicators have been studied and then factor analysis has been performed, and each factor's load has been extracted. Using the linear regression method, the indicators were prioritized in the studied areas. The results show that the level of citizens' satisfaction with the criteria of governance (justice and equality) and performance in the new campus city and the economic and urban landscape in the new city of Hashtgerd was higher. economic criteria in the new campus city and socio-cultural in the new city of Hashtgerd have the lowest level of satisfaction

The glory of a society depends on solving problems and solving possible problems and its strength against natural and man-made disasters, since infrastructure has a decisive role in the safe process of a society and maintaining the security of infrastructure against attacks and Threats are one of the security priorities of every country, which is why different societies are constantly looking for and inventing solutions to control or minimize the damage with proper planning and management. In recent decades, how to deal with these threats has become more scientific, and the probability of occurrence, damage and how to deal with them has been determined. In this regard, the present article uses a descriptive-analytical method, after collecting the required data and information, first calculates the importance and weight of each infrastructure using network analysis process (ANP) model and then by preparing information layers in Arc software environment. Using overlap functions, GIS has determined the degree of risk of Semnan city infrastructure against attacks and military and security threats in four areas: energy network, communication network, support centers and other centers. The results show that sensitive infrastructure with 50.69%, important infrastructure with 34.08% and protected infrastructure with 15.23% are in a location with a very high degree of risk. The general results of the study show that 37.83% of the total infrastructure of Semnan city is scattered in the vulnerability zone with a very high degree of risk and this issue is far from the principles and considerations of passive defense and aggravates the vulnerability of infrastructure in critical situations due to military attacks and threats. It is security

Considering the importance of urban prosperity, the purpose of this study is to investigate the distribution of urban prosperity indicators and prioritize these indicators in the five areas of Mahshahr port.

The research method used in this research is theorical-applied with a main descriptive-analytical approach and the five areas of Mahshahr port have been studied on a case-by-case basis. Using the theoretical foundations of the research and the research background, the research variables were prepared. Then a questionnaire was designed that includes 6 indicators and 21 criteria and 63 sub-criteria. Then the designed questionnaire was distributed among the statistical population and its results were analyzed using t-test and analysis of variance and Scheffe test.

At the beginning, the differences between the groups and the means were studied as raw data, the results of which showed that the indicators have a high level of significance (Sig) for the urban prosperity of the regions. Then, the fuzzy AHP method was used to weight the criteria. The results showed that the productivity index with a weight of 0.203 is in the first rank and then the quality of life index with a rank of 0.195 is in the second rank and infrastructure with a weight of 0.187 is in the third rank. In the next step, the use of TOPSIS and Waspas methods and finally the Copeland integration model were prioritized. The results showed that the three-urban area of Mahshahr port has the highest rate and the first priority in terms of urban prosperity indicators, and the last area is allocated to region one.

The priority of any city is to ensure the security of citizens living in that city. One of the reasons for the rapid development of smart cities is the possibility of monitoring citizens and ensuring their security. In this regard, the present research to Explanation and Analysis of Urban Security in the Framework of Smart Infrastructure and Facilities (Case study: Semnan City.( This research is a survey in terms of applied purpose and in terms of nature and method of research. The data required for the research were collected by documentary-field method (questionnaire and observation). SPSS software and Fuzzy AHP model were used to analyze the data. The results of regression analysis indicated that there is a significant relationship between the facilities and infrastructure of intelligence and security promotion in Semnan, at a level of confidence above (0.99). Also, the results of the path analysis test indicated that all 14 items studied, at the level of (P=0.000) (confidence percentage) are directly related to improving the security of Semnan. Furthermore, the results of one-way analysis of variance test indicated that due to the fact that the significance level is more than (0.05), it can be said with (0.95) confidence that among the areas of Semnan in terms of the impact of facilities and smart urban infrastructure and there is no significant difference in improving the security of Semnan. Finally, the results of the fuzzy AHP model for ranking each of the dimensions of security in the city of Semnan in the framework of facilities and infrastructure of intelligence indicated that economic security with a normalized weight of (0.432), have the highest rank. The results indicate that smart urban facilities and infrastructure have a significant impact on improving the security of Semnan.

Sustainable development in the tourism sector requires the existence of infrastructure and facilities for tourism, including a range of structures, basic institutions, and service institutions that facilitate and promote travel. One of the important challenges of tourism development in Iran is the lack of distribution of these infrastructures and facilities in a balanced way at the national and provincial levels. Most of these infrastructures are concentrated in several important provinces, especially in large cities. This issue has led to the main direction of tourism flow to these destinations, the neglect of many potential tourism destinations, and consequently, the lack of fair distribution of benefits and revenues from tourism at the national and provincial levels. In this study, we tried to use a  method including reviewing previous studies and development policies in Iran and also analyzing the upstream tourism documents, data extracted from statistical yearbooks, and comparative studies of other countries, to identify the current distribution of tourism infrastructure in a geographical area and also provide solutions for the development of such infrastructure throughout the country with a balanced and justice-oriented approach. In this way, the role of the tourism industry in the economic prosperity of the less privileged areas of the country, employment, and creating welfare for the residents of these areas can be highlighted

The changes caused by the rapid growth of urbanization have faced cities, especially metropolises, with serious economic, social, environmental and infrastructural challenges and issues. In this regard, the City Prosperity Index has been proposed as a broad conceptual framework for measuring development and human and social welfare, in relation to the quantity and quality of urbanization. In this research, with a descriptive analytical approach and with the aim of measuring and evaluating the condition of infrastructure and the factors affecting it in the four regions of Ardabil, the effects of this index on improving the City prosperity index have been investigated. To achieve the research goal, 28 sub-criteria have been used. The information and data required in this research have been collected using library resources, statistics of 2016 and also referring to relevant institutions and organizations. For analysis, the data were standardized and the network analysis process (ANP) was used to weight each of the indicators. Then, using R statistical software and Prometheus multi-indicator decision-making method for City prosperity, each of the four districts of Ardabil was scored. The results show that districts 1 and 2 of Ardabil city are in a relatively weak condition in terms of having an City prosperity index based on the infrastructure component and districts 3 and 4 are in a weak condition and due to the concentration of facilities in the central districts of the city, City prosperity is reduced from the city center to the suburbs in all four areas. Also, the ranking of regions shows that regions one and four, with a score of 52.39 and 48.64, respectively, have the highest and lowest City prosperity in terms of infrastructure.

Nowadays, tourism is widely accepted as a fundamental basis of development. As a sector of economy, tourism is considered to be one of the most important activities of contemporary human beings, which not only makes dramatic changes to the landscape, and political, economic, and cultural condition, but also transforms lifestyle of many individuals. The contemporary world considers tourism as one of the most important sectors of the tertiary industry which affects job creation and income generation, results in significant economic growth, and consequently provides the prerequisites for sustainable development of different societies. Iran is among the top 10 countries of the world in terms of tourist attractions, possessing many sites with potential attractions. Thus, tourism can be considered as an effective tool in dealing with economic problems of the country. As the basis of sustainable development, tourism can solve some problems of the country and thus, development of its infrastructure results in optimal allocation of available resources. The present study seeks to investigate the overall condition of tourism infrastructure in Markazi province. Previous studies in France, Austria, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, Ireland, Thailand and Japan indicate that their tourism sector has developed rapidly and now aids other sectors of the economy. Therefore, a comprehensive analysis of necessary infrastructure for the development of this industry can result in a more dynamic rural economy. 

This applied study has a descriptive-comparative design and its study area includes all counties of Markazi Province. Library method and questionnaires were used for data collection. Statistical data and information were collected from the General Directorate of Cultural Heritage, Tourism and Handicrafts of Markazi Province and the statistical yearbook (2015) of this province. In accordance with Delfi method and targeted sampling, related indices were sent to 17 rural development experts and specialists via Email.  It should be noted that some of these experts had previous experience in tourism. Finally, 10 completed questionnaires were received. PROMETHEE multifunctional decision-making model was also used to determine the overall condition of counties in Markazi Province in relation to tourism infrastructure.Since the present study seeks to classify counties in Markazi province, the first function of this technique has been used. An appropriate weight is first assigned to each of the 20 indices of tourism infrastructure using Delphi method. Then, these weights are evaluated and measured along with the value of each component and option in Visual PROMETHEE software. Structural equation modeling was used to investigate relations between variables more comprehensively. SPSS 26 and Smart PLS 3 software were also used to analyze the data. 

Findings indicate that Arak with a value of 0.7739 has ranked first among the counties. Several factors can be the reason: First, as the capital of the province, Arak possesses better facilities, larger population, etc. Second, as the main access road connecting neighboring provinces, Arak has developed more than other counties. With a value of 0.4673, Saveh has the second rank. Saveh also contains the access road connecting some of neighboring provinces and is located near Tehran. Thus, a strong industrial town has developed in this county attracting many workers with different ethnicities seeking employment and income. Due to these factors, relatively good facilities have developed in Saveh. With a value of 0.3536, Shazand has ranked third. Due to its proximity to Arak (the capital of the province), this county has attracted large industries such as petrochemical industry along with suitable facilities and infrastructure. Khomein (0.3166), Delijan (0.0168), Mahalat (-0.1023), Tafresh (-0.1634), Khandab (-0.3002), Zarandieh (-0.3266), Farahan (-0.3320), Ashtian (-0.3514) and Komijan (-0.3523) are next in rank.Analyzing the relationships between variables indicates that service-related components (0.279) and transportation-related components (0.096) have the most powerful direct influence on the level of development and other variables are next in rank. 

Findings of the present study and previous studies indicate that centrality and population can be considered as influential factors resulting in easier access to desirable and appropriate facilities in different countries of the world. However, such a difference is not observed between different regions in developed countries due to their integrated development. Developing countries such as Iran lack such an integrated development environment and thus, the condition in provincial capitals is much more different from other counties. As indicated in the present study, the level of development in Arak was much higher than other counties of Markazi province. Therefore, an appropriate plan is required for other counties to achieve sustainable development, and especially sustainable tourism development.

Cities usually have a series of facilities and services such as airports, rail and sea terminals, entertainment centers, shops, medical centers, etc., depending on the geographical, political, economic and cultural location and appropriate to the civil society. In the tourism industry, in most cases, they are considered as entry and exit points and providing accommodation for tourists, while today, cities can become a destination by benefiting from a variety of attractions and events and being adjacent to a series of surrounding attractions. They have a tourist attraction. The main purpose of this study is to present a geomarketing model based on the development of urban tourism infrastructure in Tehran using geographic information systems (geomarketing) tools that it is possible site selection of urban tourism infrastructure in Tehran and therefore, it is led to facilitate and strengthen the relationship between the tourist (customer) and the host community (seller). It also assists city managers in making metropolitan decisions. The methodology of this study is qualitative and grounded theory approach. It is used semi structure interviews to collect data and analysis were done by Strauss and Corbin method and paradigm model. sampling method was by theoretical sampling and was done using targeted (judgmental) techniques. The statistical population was selected from among active experts and managers that are worked in public and private sectors of tourism and urban management. The results of data obtained from interviews during open, axial and selective coding process that led to identify geomarketing model based on the development of urban tourism infrastructure in Tehran was based on grounded theory. The finding of this study indicate that managers and Private tourism activists and urban management in Tehran to turn Tehran into an urban tourism destination must attention to identified all of factors and indicators. Using the present model and geomarketing data and information for urban land use planning and tourism and urban needs site selection, design and execution of all projects to have a sustainable tourism annex. So that designs, elements and urban events must have attractive option for attract tourists and it is possible accessing them through digitals maps.