neighborhood

Functional density, especially on an extra-urban scale, can cause a decline in the quality of neighborhood functions and the urban environment due to their different functional nature. In this regard, the present study aims to explain the spatial consequences of functional density on the quality of the neighborhood environment in District 12 of Tehran. The research method was cognitive-explanatory in terms of purpose and applied in terms of the research topic, and data collection was done statistically and documentarily. Spatial statistics (spatial pattern analysis tool, geographic distribution measurement tool, and spatial modeling and relationship analysis tool) were used for data analysis. The research variables included the independent variable (extra-urban functions) and the dependent variable (neighborhood-level urban environment quality). The findings of the study showed that the total concentration of extra-urban functions in Tehran was clustered and unevenly distributed in the city's regions. Also, the total functional density of extra-urban functions in the neighborhoods of District 12 of Tehran, except for the cultural-historical function, which was randomly distributed, was clustered and unevenly distributed. The results of the spatial modeling section using geographic weighted regression showed that the consequences of extra-urban functions on the social, economic, and physical dimensions of urban environmental quality have led to a decline in the environment and urban decay in most neighborhoods of District 12 of Tehran. Therefore, one of the important and fundamental steps to renew the structure of District 12 of Tehran and improve the quality of neighborhood environments and its urban center potential is to refine and improve the quality of the extra-urban functions system by replacing incompatible and troublesome functions with superior extra-urban functions in this area.

Global experience shows that in developed countries as well as in developing countries, good governance to address the challenges and demands of the third millennium AD, especially urban management issues, is inevitable. Although the concept of governance has been widely discussed among policymakers and scholars, no strong consensus has yet been reached on a single definition of the concept. The purpose of this study is to evaluate and rank the neighborhoods of Genaveh in terms of indicators of good governance (participation, efficiency and effectiveness, accountability, political stability, social justice, access and information, legitimacy and community-based).

The research method is descriptive-compositional and its type is applied and the data collection methods are library and field which was designed by a questionnaire from 15 professors, specialists and officials. In order to prioritize the neighborhoods of Genaveh city in terms of indicators of good urban governance, the Fuzzy Vikor model has been used and to weight the indicators, the network analysis model (ANP) has been used.

The results of Fuzzy Vikor show that the governorate neighborhood with a weight of 0.000 is in the first rank of Genaveh neighborhoods. Nowruzabad neighborhood with a weight of 0.089 in the second rank, Motahhari alley neighborhood with a weight of 0.159 in the third rank, Besat alley neighborhood with a weight of 0.318 in the fourth rank, Abd Imam neighborhood with a weight of 0.403 in the fifth rank, Bazaar neighborhood with Weight 0.587 in the sixth rank, Chahjoo neighborhood with the weight of 0.649 in the seventh rank, Baba Ali Shah neighborhood with the weight of 0.812 in the eighth rank, Malsadat neighborhood with the weight of 0.877 in the ninth rank and Ershad neighborhood with the weight of 0.967 in It is ranked tenth and last.

Also, in terms of the level of desirability, the neighborhoods were ranked into four levels: the governorate neighborhoods, Motahhari and Nowruzabad alleys at the desired level, Besat and Abd Imam alley neighborhoods at the relatively desirable level, Bazaar and Chahjoo neighborhoods at the average level and Baba Alishah, Malsadat and Guidance is at an unfavorable level.

In the past, the boundaries of an urban neighborhood were determined by ethnic, racial, class, and group differences, as well as natural divisions and geomorphological differences (such as the presence of a river, waterway, etc.). Each neighborhood in a city has its own cultural identity, and when hearing the name of a neighborhood, the characteristics of its residents, in terms of occupation, wealth, and prevailing temperament, would immediately come to mind. However, in contemporary cities with the population explosion of the past century, which disrupted the old traditional living systems, the concept of neighborhood has undergone a change, and new interpretations have taken its place. Unlike the past, when neighborhoods were formed based on ethnic, racial, religious, and other shared characteristics, modern neighborhoods are often shaped by economic factors and occupational similarities (e.g., government employee neighborhoods). This leads to a diversity of opinions and tastes within these neighborhoods, resulting in a lack of consensus among residents. This research, conducted using a combination of documentary and field methods, involved distributing 380 questionnaires to residents of Neighborhood 49 in Zahedan. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS software and regression analysis. Although 61% of residents expressed satisfaction with living in the neighborhood, numerous problems were identified, including a shortage of trash cans and littering, poor road conditions, and dilapidated land used as garbage dumps. The most significant demand among residents was for increased green spaces, followed by a lack of recreational and sports facilities, inadequate sidewalks, and the absence of a proper sewage system.

Fuel stations are always considered as one of the most sensitive and effective urban uses. Therefore, the placement of this use among other uses in the city is of great importance and the incorrect placement of this use can cause disruptions in the access to environmental health and neighboring uses in addition to having a negative impact on the urban environment. As a result, the correct location of fuel stations in the city can bring acceptable results in the mentioned fields. In this research, the fuel stations of Semnan city have been studied and investigated by field sampling method and using GIS software. The purpose of this research is to identify the problems of the neighborhood of fuel stations and discuss the accessibility of these stations in the city of Semnan and to present the existing solutions in order to improve these problems. The results of the field investigations show that 20% of the stations in Semnan city are not in a good condition in terms of indicators such as standards, equipment safety, and most importantly, proximity to other uses. By comparing the rules and standards with the map of the current status of fuel stations in the city, it was found that a number of stations are not located in suitable areas for establishment.

The growth of large cities in developing countries is one of the main problems, and many of these countries have formulated policies to reduce migration to cities, including improving the quality of life in rural areas and sub-cities. Tabriz city, as one of the metropolises of Iran, is no exception to this rule. Following this migration, the composition of age, gender, ethnicity, etc., of people in Tabriz city has changed, especially in the old contexts, which can affect qualities such as identity, sense of place, sense of belonging, collective memory, etc. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to deal with the relationship between the variables of a sense of belonging and citizens' participation according to the specific culture and tradition of Tabriz city. The site of Maqsoudiyeh neighborhood of Tabriz city, which is one of the old and traditional contexts of Tabriz city, has been selected as a case study, field observations have been made, and questionnaires have been distributed among its residents. The results of the research after analyzing the questionnaires in the SPSS environment show that there is a significant positive and strong relationship between the sense of belonging and citizenship participation. Other contextual variables that have been evaluated in this research include age, job status, and education. After analyzing the questionnaires, the results show that there is a significant relationship between these variables and citizens' participation.

The creation of new neighborhoods next to the main core of the city not only has physical differences, but also brings differences in behavioral, cultural, economic, social, and resident' needs, which creates various opportunities and challenges. It is necessary to identify these challenges and opportunities to provide a suitable model of urban planning in newly founded neighborhoods in connection with the main core of the city. The current research aims to analyze these opportunities and challenges in the Simorgh New Foundation neighborhood. This research is of applied type and the statistical population includes all citizens aged 18 to 65 living in different parts of Khorzouk City and Simorgh neighborhood. According to Cochran's formula, the statistical sample for the research area was considered equal to 392 people. To analyze the data, a descriptive method as well as an analysis of variance was used, which resulted in extracting the opportunities and challenges of this neighborhood. Among these opportunities, we can mention the opportunity to get capital and branding in the field of handicrafts, increase the workforce to work in the industries and production workshops of the city, increase the quality and level of people's demands from the officials, and then improve the condition of the neighborhoods. Also, the unbalanced increase in population density and age ratio in the neighborhoods, cultural mixing due to immigration, increasing demand for land use change, and creating problems in the costing process of municipalities are among the challenges of these neighborhoods.

The Iranian-Islamic city evokes a special pattern of urban development, whose physical elements exist in the form of four general categories of religious, economic, defense, and service elements, and one of its most important characteristics is the existence of urban neighborhoods. The neighborhood is made up of main and secondary components and spatial, cultural and economic factors have an influence on it, and although today it is no longer as important and prestigious as the past, but due to the old cores remaining from the old neighborhoods, it continues to give its identity in some areas. Ardakan is one of the oldest cities in Yazd province, which follows this pattern of urban development, and due to having a monocentric growth pattern, its neighborhoods were formed inside the city wall, and this caused the neighborhoods to be dependent and integrated into the body of the city and not independent. But Sharif Abad, which today forms one of the neighborhoods of the city, was located outside the city walls in the past, and this geographical distance, along with the Zoroastrian minority's residence in a part of it, caused its physical structure to be different from other neighborhoods inside the Ardakan. This article investigates and analyzes the differences in the physical structure of Sharif Abad neighborhood with other neighborhoods inside the Ardakan fence in the framework of four elements of faith, economy, defense and service, with a descriptive-analytical method and relying on library and documentary studies as well as observations and field surveys.

In the 21st agenda of the United Nations for sustainable development, the issue of health and how to effectively improve the quality of human settlements is emphasized. Many works have been done in the theoretical field of factors related to social health and quality of place in the countries of Iran, but in terms of implementation, they are far behind the desired point and are influenced by factors related to the structure of urban spaces, economy and city function, and social orientations, culture and It becomes political. The current research is in the category of applied research that has been carried out with an analytical method and a mixed approach. According to the results of the Pearson correlation coefficient between the amount of environmental factors and the social health of citizens in the new context with a positive and significant correlation coefficient of 0.894, in the context of the traditional context with a negative and significant correlation coefficient of -0.347. Also, Pearson's correlation coefficient to check the significance of the relationship between physical factors and the level of social health is positive and significant in the new texture with a correlation coefficient of 0.852 and in the traditional texture with a correlation coefficient of 0.411. The results of the one-sample t test show that the level of physical and environmental related factors in the tissue level of new neighborhoods is higher than the criterion (70). Therefore, it can be said that the standard of environmental and physical factors in the new tissue is at a high level, but at the level of the traditional neighborhoods, this value is low. According to the ANOVA test results, the level of significance in two physical and environmental components (sig<0.05) can be said that there is a significant difference between the physical and environmental factors and their components in the new and traditional neighborhoods of Ahar city. The city of Ahar, while having 3 distinct official, worn-out and informal textures, at the level of the central, historical and worn-out neighborhoods (877,040 square meters), the worn-out texture of the Blue Mosque neighborhood (229,903 square meters) and the worn-out texture of the fringes (784,200 square meters) is also different. It shows significance and in terms of indicators related to physical environmental factors, they do not reflect a standard situation in terms of social health.

In the past decades, the frequency of pandemics of global importance has increased significantly and created significant threats to human health and society. Covid-19 is a contagious infectious disease. This virus has a high reproduction rate, spreading faster than COVID-19. With widespread human-to-human transmission, it has deeply affected the world and has had a different impact on countries, cities, and societies. It has also significantly affected human society, including health care, economic structures, and social relations. This virus has spread in all continents of the world except Antarctica. Since January 2020, the virus has spread significantly in countries such as Italy, Iran, Brazil, and the United States of America and has rapidly spread to other countries. Moreover, it infected hundreds and killed thousands in the fastest unprecedented crisis ever. As of June 31, 2023, the number of cases of COVID-19 in the world is approximately 675,033,474, and the number of deaths has reached 6,761,290. Cities house most of the world's inhabitants. The high concentration of people and activities in cities makes people vulnerable to various stressors, such as natural and manufactured disasters. In the recent pandemic, cities are the places where the transmission started.  Cities are generally considered as a vulnerable area for infectious diseases. The origin of many infectious diseases is within the cities, fueled by the increase in urbanization, and these types of diseases spread rapidly within the urban texture. In many countries, COVID-19 has changed the face of cities, at least temporarily. However, this is not the first time in human history that epidemic diseases have affected cities. This impact will change the way we think about cities and health. Therefore, cities are a natural environment for spreading infectious diseases. This pandemic is happening right now, and this fundamental challenge in global health governance can also be considered an urban accident, which has created significant problems for urban management and planning. The current pandemic is crucial for managing urban planning in critical conditions. As many regions of the world struggle with the COVID-19 crisis, researchers are constantly trying to shed more light on the underlying patterns of the pandemic and its unanswered aspects. This topical aspect of this virus requires analysis that adopts an interdisciplinary approach. Furthermore, geography is one of the few disciplines that intends to perform this analysis according to environmental characteristics. In this research, urban geography examines environmental factors, social factors, economic factors, etc. A growing literature shows that residential, economic, and social living conditions and neighborhood conditions significantly affect the pandemic. There is evidence that socio-economic and demographic characteristics are factors influencing the transmission of COVID-19.Person, place, and time are the essential elements of outbreak and epidemiology research. It is necessary to examine the interaction of the internal environment (residential space) and the external environment and its effects on the health of city dwellers. The influence of the neighborhood environment is a fundamental factor that cannot be neglected when studying the health of residents and the indoor environment. Considering that the neighborhood environment can affect the indoor environment, it is reasonable to assume that the indoor environment can mediate the relationship between the neighborhood environment and the residents' health. The built environment can be essential in minimizing crowding and facilitating social distancing and has historically played an essential role in controlling epidemics. The purpose of this research is to measure the impact of each socio-economic quantity and the built environment on the rate of contracting the disease of COVID-19 at the level of all localities of Urmia city in 2020. Socio-economic quantities include the population, the number of older people (over 65 years old), the number of literate people, and the number of workers in each neighborhood. The quantities of the built environment include building density, net population density, population density, commercial density, medical density, density of roads and streets, green space density, occupation level, street congestion, average height of buildings, and number of bus stops.

The type of research is quantitative. The research is also practical from the point of view of the goal. In terms of approach, the research is descriptive. The required data for the research are the number of people infected with Covid-19 and social, economic and environmental indicators (number of population, number of elderly people (above 65 years old), number of literate people and number of employed people, building density, net population density, population density, commercial density, treatment density, density of roads and streets, density of green space, occupancy level, street congestion, average height of buildings, number of bus stops in each neighborhood). Moran's analysis and hot spot analysis have been exerted to find out whether the patients are sprawl or concentrated (clustered). And in the following, Pearson's correlation coefficient and multivariate regression were applied to analyze and determine the direction and intensity of the relationship between the variables.

The results of the Moran's coefficient indicate the clustering of the number of patients at the neighborhood level. Also, the p-value confirms the cluster formation, and the results of the analysis of hot spots also led to the identification of six high-risk neighborhoods with different confidence levels. The presented correlation and regression analysis showed that among the fifteen variables mentioned in the research findings section, six had a positive relationship with the infection rate at the neighborhood level, and three had a negative relationship.

The results show that the number of employees, population density, number of older people, building density, commercial density, and road density affect the infection rate with Covid-19. What is fundamentally clear is that reflecting on past events and learning about what can be improved for future responses is essential for the built environment and related professionals, because life after the pandemic will never be the same. Planning, architecture and the built environment will change under the influence of values, life and habits. Increasing layers of immunity in modern built environments seem to help prevent the spread of infections and diseases.

According to the official statistics of the 1400 census, about 512,027 thousand people live in the informal settlements of the country. Idaloo neighborhood in Tabriz city is considered as one of the informal settlements which houses 26785 people. Considering the importance and importance of paying attention to security in informal settlements, the main goal of this research is to investigate the indicators that determine security in the Idaloo neighborhood of Tabriz city in improving the quality of informal settlements to increase welfare and improve the conditions of the areas to achieve the quality standards of spaces. It is a city. For this reason, the current research seeks to answer the question of how the indicators and criteria that determine security in the Idaloo neighborhood of Tabriz affect the improvement of the quality of informal settlements.

The research method in this research is descriptive-analytical, and in terms of its purpose, it is considered part of applied research, and in terms of gathering information, it is survey research. The statistical population of 26,785 people in this research is the residents of Idaloo neighborhood in Tabriz City. According to Cochran's formula, the sample size was 378 people. In this research, a questionnaire tool is used to collect data. After the above steps, data classification was done by analyzing structural equations using SPss and Amos software. Cronbach's alpha was used for the reliability of the questions. Structural equation modeling (SEM) is one of the most original methods of analysis and multivariate analysis, which is used to examine the complex relationships between manifest and implicit variables.

According to the results obtained in Idaloo neighborhood, it can be said that it had a better situation than other indicators. Among physical indicators, access to roads has a better position than other physical variables. And visual comfort is at a low level compared to other physical variables. In terms of the environmental situation of Idaloo neighborhood, it is at a very low level, and in this neighborhood, most garbage and urban waste are left and the pollution caused by it is not paid attention to, has caused pollution and continues. The environment of the neighborhood, and the vegetation of this neighborhood are at a very low level. In terms of per capita parks and planting plants, it has a low level, which is considered a threat to the safety and health of the residents of the ideal informal settlement from the point of view of mental-psychological and leisure time. In terms of management, due to the poor performance of managers in the implementation of urban projects, including the repair and improvement of bridges, edges, and their accommodation, endangers the lives and safety of the residents of Idaloo neighborhood. From the sociocultural point of view, the existence of urban spaces at night, social and public participation is at a low level in Idaloo neighborhood, but in terms of neighborhood solidarity and a sense of belonging to the place. They are at a good level.

Urban-local management in relation to the supervision of construction and accurate and correct location of facilities and equipment needed by the residents of Idaloo neighborhood in times of emergency and crises will increase the sense of security among the residents of the neighborhood. According to the spatial and environmental characteristics of crimes in the ideal informal settlement and the planning, design, and architecture of such spaces, the level of abnormality in the neighborhood can be reduced to the minimum possible level.

Nowadays, the social aspects of cities have become a focus of urban planners. In urban planning, we need to move from a purely physical perspective to a multidimensional one that encompasses all dimensions. On the other hand, the neighborhood is one of the tools of urban planning; in fact, neighborhoods are more social and cultural units than geographical and physical ones. In the present study, considering the importance of social dimensions in urban
planning, the factor of diversity of social identities in the city and the threatening factors of social cohesion at the neighborhood level of Mahshahr have been investigated. Accordingly, based on the descriptive-analytical method and field studies, the factor of social cohesion in the Mahshahr neighborhood was examined. Initially, two areas of old and new Mahshahr were selected as two neighborhoods, and then the questionnaire was randomly distributed among the residents of the neighborhood. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software, and using t-test and Pearson, the significant relationship between the components was investigated. The results show that social variables have a stronger relationship with the cohesion factor with a high correlation strength and a decrease in high error, and tribalism is recognized as the
most important factor threatening social cohesion in the region.

Those squares of Hamedan city that are studied in this research are, in fact, historical sites that, as a result of urban developments, are located inside urban squares today. Nevertheless, they still retain their function as a social base for citizens. Although the middle island of these squares is now surrounded by cars, people are even more likely to use them. The present study seeks to explain the relationship between the green centers of old neighborhoods (Chaman) and contemporary park-squares as two types of symbolic green places in Hamedan with a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods. The main questions are as follows:-What are the similarities in the causes of the durability of symbolic green spaces of the city of Hamadan (Chaman and park-square) and the reasons for their high presence in the same traffic hazards?
-What factors in each of the physical, functional, and semantic aspects have a greater impact on the durability of the place in comparison with Chaman and park-square?

Two stages of research were designed to get answers to the questions. The first stage involved studying the historical background of the lawns of Hamadan's neighborhoods and park-squares and examining its physical and functional dimensions, which was done using a qualitative method. In the second stage, by selecting four important park-squares of the city and four samples of standing Chamans in the old context of Hamadan as analytical samples, a descriptive-survey method was used to investigate the indicators of form, activity, and meaning so that the relationship between these two types of symbolic and generally green places is explored. In the second stage of the research, three executive subsections were defined. The first part was done qualitatively with observation and photography tools, the second quantitatively with the gating technique, and the third quantitatively with the questionnaire tool and gap analysis technique.

Field observation and examination of the samples yielded data regarding the internal and surrounding uses of lawns and park-squares, accessibility, geometry, color and material of floor and wall materials, space facilities such as furniture and parking, and also valuable single grains. Also, the area of lawns and the number and area of functional species in them (educational, gathering and recreation, shopping, worship) were obtained through field observation and comparison with the information of the General Department of Roads and Urban Development of Hamadan province. The investigation of the volume of pedestrian traffic shows that the most pedestrian traffic among the study park-squares is in Imam Square. After that, Avicenna Mausoleum Square, Baba Taher and Imam Zadeh Square are in the next ranks of pedestrian movements. Also, among the lawns, the most pedestrian traffic flows in the Kababian Chaman and the least traffic flows in the Mosala Chaman. Haji and Kolapa Chaman are in the middle of the traffic volume. Since the purpose of the research is to find similarities in the reasons for the durability of symbolic green places and also the reasons for their high presence, as well as to find the most effective factors in the durability of study places. Therefore, for comparative evaluation, questionnaire tool and gap analysis technique were used. Examining the average values of responses for parks shows that safety and sound comfort (1.93) is the least effective factor, and the variety of surrounding uses (4.22) is the most effective factor in the presence of citizens. On the other hand, the average values of the answers about lawns, the size, and dimensions of the space (2.28) are the last degree of importance and the age and historical backgrounds (4.2) are the priority among the durability indicators of the place. These results show that space activity is a more important factor in the choice of squares by citizens; while the meaning of space has played a more important role in the presence of study lawns.

The research results show that the similarities in the reasons for the durability of symbolic green places in Hamadan city and their high presence despite traffic hazards are mainly dependent on semantic factors. These meanings in lawns depend on the age and historical background, and in park-squares, on the elements of indicators, symbols and signs, and uniqueness, and in both of them, their importance and validity. Among the other similarities in the reasons for the presence of lawns and park-squares, which can be obtained by examining the high values of correlation coefficients, are the shape factors, including the materials and colors of the surfaces, and the size and dimensions of the space. The output values in the comparison between Chaman and Park-square show that the indicators of the shape of the space, including natural factors, visual landscape, and enclosure and independence, have created a greater gap in terms of influencing durability; In such a way that the first two indicators in the park-square and the third indicator in the lawns have more favorable conditions.

There is no funding support. Authors’ ContributionAuthors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none. Conflict of InterestAuthors declared no conflict of interest. Acknowledgments We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper.

The quality of the urban environment is the social, cultural, economic, and physical-spatial conditions of the urban environment that indicate the level of satisfaction or dissatisfaction of citizens with the urban environment. In fact, the specific aspects of the environment are known as key elements related to the quality of a person's life. In other words, it can be said that the quality of a city's life is directly related to its quality.In this research, the comparative evaluation of the environmental quality of two neighborhoods is based on the morphological and physical components in the form of two components; 1) the quality of the urban texture, which includes criteria such as permeability, compatibility, scale, and aesthetics, and 2) housing quality is evaluated according to indicators such as building form, building age, and building strength.Tabriz, as a metropolis, is not an exception to this rule and faces many environmental issues. The most critical issue in this field is the fundamental and significant difference in the degree of environmental desirability in different areas of this city. Therefore, one of the components that play a role in measuring the quality of the urban environment of Tabriz city is morphological-anatomical criteria.

The current research is based on the purpose of applied type. Data collection was done by field observation method and survey method using a questionnaire tool. The statistical community is the population of 59,560 people in Manjam neighborhood and the population of 41,433 people in Baghmisheh neighborhood; Cochran's formula with a confidence factor of 95% was used to determine the statistical sample, and a total of 382 questionnaires were randomly distributed among the residents of two neighborhoods, based on the percentage share of neighborhoods, 221 questionnaires related to Manjam neighborhood and 161 questionnaires related to Baghmisheh neighborhood. Using Cronbach's alpha analytical model, the validity and reliability of the questionnaire have been estimated, and its value is 0.72, which shows that the questionnaire has acceptable reliability.In order to compare the satisfaction status of the citizens, two neighborhoods were compared using the two-sample t-test and Lon's test. Finally, the relative contribution of the two neighborhoods' morphological and physical components was determined using the multivariate regression method

Morphological indicators of Manjem and Baghmisheh neighborhoods from two dimensions, the texture quality of the neighborhoods from four dimensions (permeability, compatibility, scale, aesthetics) and the housing quality dimension from three factors (aesthetics, building construction age, building strength level) using The observation method and questionnaire results were investigated, described and evaluated. In the following, in order to describe the research findings, the comparison of the environmental quality criteria in bothneighborhoods was discussed. Then, the relative contribution of each sub-index affecting the environmental quality was stated.The results of the questionnaires collected at the level of Monajem neighborhood show that among the existing indicators, the aesthetic index has a medium to high rank in this neighborhood. The rest of the indicators are evaluated as medium and medium to low, and theaverage satisfaction The neighborhood population is estimated to be 2.53 from the morphological and physical criteria.The questionnaires collected at the level of Baghmisheh neighborhood show that the two indices of compatibility and scale have a good rank, and the rest of the indices are also evaluated as medium to high. Finally, the average satisfaction of residents with the morphological and physical criteria in the neighborhood is 3.9.In a preliminary comparison, the level of satisfaction of the residents of Baghmisheh neighborhood is higher than that of the residents of Monajem neighborhood. This high level of satisfaction is noticeable in the indicators of building age and strength, scale, compatibility, and permeability and less in the indicators of form and aesthetics. Of course, regarding aesthetics, the two neighborhoods have almost the same rank.According to the averages obtained from all morphological and anatomical criteria, it can be said that the satisfaction of the residents of Baghmisheh is about 35% more than that of the residents of Manjem neighborhood.

The research results indicate that in Baghmisheh neighborhood, due to the planned structure and the block-blocked neighborhoods, there is a connection between the neighborhoods by local streets, and most of the buildings in Monajem neighborhood have old facades. Therefore, it does not have the harmony of Hedgewar buildings. However, contrary, in the new neighborhood of Baghmisheh, there is good harmony due to the new constructions.In terms of scale, Monajem neighborhood is due to its old construction and is usually one or two stories, and as a result, it has proportionality and scale. Nevertheless, in Baghmisheh neighborhood, due to the new construction, the apartments are harmonious in terms of scale. From the aesthetic side of Monajem neighborhood, there is no eye-catching design due to its historical age, and wall painting in these old neighborhoods has caused visual pollution in this type of neighborhood. However, in Baghmisheh neighborhood of Nobnayad, has a good view, and the painting on the wall is seen a lot in these neighborhoods.In general, it can be said that Monajem neighborhood faces physical, visual, and functional challenges due to its traditional texture in terms of morphological and physical parameters. However, due to the new urban planning, the Baghmisheh neighborhood has fewer weak points from the morphological aspect; it is relative to the Astronomer neighborhood.

The principle of dignity is a human virtue and perfection that is rooted in human nature. The principle of honoring the essence and existence of man as the best creature has always been the concern of thinkers and all human beings. In addition, human dignity is considered as the foundation stone in fundamental rights and humanitarian rights, and legal and moral charters will be incomplete without considering it. The city and urbanization is a prominent social process that has caused more changes in the mutual relations between humans and the environment and with other humans. One of the main principles and elements of the Islamic city is its social and human pillar, which in the urban planning and design of Islamic cities, considering the place of man in the presence of God, and in the religion of Islam, it should be considered, and cities should be a place for peace, order, and dignity. People can grow in cities in different social, economic and cultural dimensions. Human dignity, as an important principle rooted in the history of human life, is the backbone of human perfection. The criteria taken from the opinions of non-Muslim thinkers with regard to the intellectual foundations in the western view, that the purpose of development in the past was mostly the acquisition of capital and today in its best form, human and human rights, and has paid more attention to the aspect of life in the world and its possibilities. Some criteria and components of human dignity are common in both Western and religious approaches. It seems that the common criteria and components in these two approaches include "freedom", "respect", "justice and equality", "social responsibility and service to the people", "self-confidence and self-belief", "unity and unity". "Society" and "responsibility", which are mostly social and public, and their impact on the social sphere of society is more than the individual and personal sphere. Old and traditional neighborhoods of Iranian cities in the past have been living and have a sense of belonging for their residents, but these neighborhoods with unplanned and imitation renovations and regardless of their empowerment in the above plans, including comprehensive urban plans, some of their qualities have lost. Many of these old and traditional neighborhoods have been the core of the formation of cities throughout their history, but today it seems that we can see the decline of human dignity in neighborhoods, followed by social, economic, physical and ... Gave in them. Since in this study, not all neighborhoods of the city can be examined in terms of characteristics and components of the Islamic city in general and human dignity in particular, this study examines an example of an old neighborhood and a sample of a new neighborhood followed by Is able to answer the questions of this study, firstly, what is the role geographical variables of the region in terms of human dignity in urban planning, and secondly, are neighborhood renovation planning successful in achieving the preservation and promotion of human dignity standards compared to old neighborhoods? This research is of developmental type with regard to subject and purpose and its research method is comparative. Documentary method has been used to develop a theoretical framework. For this purpose, the criteria of human dignity are first explained based on the opinions of Muslim scholars and the works of non-Muslim thinkers. Then, to measure each of the variables, a number of items and questions have been developed that form a semi-structured questionnaire. After confirming the validity and reliability, this questionnaire is measured comparatively in two neighborhoods. How to answer the questions and items was the questioner's reference to the respondents and the questionnaire. From the questionnaire answers that were answered by 100 residents of Iran Street neighborhood and 100 residents of Hakimieh neighborhood and also comparing the average points calculated for each question for each neighborhood. It was found that the satisfaction of the residents of Iran Street neighborhood towards the realization the standards of human dignity in his neighborhood are higher than the residents of Hakimieh neighborhood. The average score of each neighborhood is a number between zero and four, the closer this value is to the number four, it indicates the greater desirability and satisfaction of the residents, and the closer this average is to the number zero, it indicates the dissatisfaction of the residents with the realization and existence. The result of the research of the new Hakimieh neighborhood, which has been renovated based on the contemporary construction model, but has not led to the promotion of any of the criteria of human dignity in this neighborhood and shows the criteria of human dignity as one of the characteristics of a desirable Islamic city in the neighborhood. The traditional and old Iran Street has been realized more than the new and newly built neighborhood of Hakimieh. Today's cities are also (despite the difference in terms of structure, extent and size from the old cities) like the old cities, they consist of a set of neighborhoods. In the new neighborhoods, the use of new constructions, the relations of the residents of the neighborhoods with each other, and the geographical, economic, cultural, social, etc. components and features that existed in the traditional neighborhoods have also undergone changes. However, the old neighborhoods with the same traditional texture and architectural style, the way of dealing and social behavior of their residents with each other are still standing. Finally, considering the lower satisfaction of the residents of Hakimieh compared to Iran's neighborhood, which indicates the failure of Hakim’s renovation program in increasing these indicators, solutions for the criteria for each of the neighborhoods are provided. Future studies can first repeat this measurement in different areas of the country. Then they can focus on evaluating programs and human dignity in them: programs such as comprehensive and detailed plans, renovation programs, and other interventions.

To better achieve the goals of smart urban growth, there is a need to measure the degree of compliance of different geographical areas with the principles and indicators of smart urban growth. Accordingly, the purpose of the present research is to measure the degree of compliance of the neighbourhoods of Mashhad with smart urban growth. For this reason, this research, using the SWARA weighting method and the WASPAS ranking method, as well as the use of the Geographical Information System (GIS) to analyze and evaluate 26 smart urban growth indicators in 156 neighbourhoods of Mashhad and then rank each of the neighbourhoods. This city has been evaluated in terms of compliance with smart urban growth indicators. The research method used in this research is descriptive-analytical. The results of the analysis show that the neighbourhoods of Azadshahr, 10 Di, and Koh Sangi respectively have the high. In contrast, NK, the whileneighbourhoodshoods of Shahid Bahonar, Mouad, and Keshavarz have the lowest rank in terms of compliance with smart urban growth indicators. In terms of the researched indicators,neighbourhoodshoods in Mashhad Cityity have the most compliance with the principle of mixed land use and the least compliance with the principle of creating diverse transportation opportunities. Also, the distribution of neighbourhoods compatible with smart urban growth has a relatively concentrated situation, which partially indicates spatial injustice in the city of Mashhad, so that mainly the neighbourhoods in the east, south, and northwest of Mashheadcity have the least compliance with the indicators of smart urban growth. As a result, it can be said that the state of compliance of the neighbourhoods of Mashhad with the indicators of smart urban growth is average and to some extent relatively low

Many behavioral anomalies in different urban societies, while having historical, cultural and economic roots, Are affected by the quality of life and emotions transmitted from the living space. Therefore, the present study investigates the relationship between the physical sustainability of neighborhoods and their relationship with the level of social sustainability of urban neighborhoods as dimensions of quality of life. The research method is descriptive-analytical with field studies. The research unit is the central and primary neighborhoods of Ardebil city. They include the neighborhoods of the Aliqapu or Darvazeh, Sarcheshmeh, Tova, Gazaran, Ochdukan and Pir Abdol-Malek. The sample size was estimated to be 384 according to Cochran formula. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed in SPSS software and AMOS software was used for path analysis. Research findings show that physical sustainability components (including the quality of spatial form and texture, accessibility to Urban uses and services or visual form) are Compared with other components and even social sustainability components to quality The lives of urban dwellers have a profound impact. The results show that in Ardebil city's central neighborhoods, social stability of residents (3.13) is better than the physical stability of the desired neighborhoods (2.87). Also, based on the results of the present study, the physical quality of urban environment can significantly (up to 59%) predict the satisfaction of residents' quality of life.

In recent decades, with the development and evolution of technology, new approaches to urban issues have been proposed. One of the important issues that Iranian cities, including the city of Tabriz, face is the social relations of contemporary neighborhoods. Since the weakness of social relations in neighborhoods can cause problems such as diminished sense of place, collective spirit, etc., in order to improve these conditions, create a suitable context and place for neighborhood people to meet and establish social interactions and Their participation in neighborhood-related programs is essential.

In this study we have tried to study the concept of place-making in reviving social relations of urban neighborhoods, Abbasi, Mansour, Mandana, Parvaz And Ferdows should be selected as the study sample. In this article and in the data analysis section, selected urban areas were evaluated based on regression, Spearman, Friedman and ANOVA statistical tests.

Findings indicate that based on the results of statistical studies, physical dimensions, social dimensions, managerial-policy dimensions, perceptual-semantic dimensions and economic dimensions have a significant relationship with explaining the concept of place-making in the revival of social relations from the perspective They are citizens and the physical and social dimension has the greatest impact on explaining the concept of place-making in the revival of social relations in selected urban spaces.

The results of this study, on the one hand, provide the necessary framework for scientific and logical study of the concept of location in urban areas, and on the other hand, provide the basis for future measures to revive social relations in urban areas. Assessing the research model in more urban neighborhoods and other cities of Iran can provide a deeper understanding of the mechanism explaining the concept of location in the revitalization of social relations in urban neighborhoods.

The fields of urban planning and city construction in the country, particularly in dysfunctional historical contexts (including the historic neighborhood of Pamenar in Kerman, as a case study), face a number of issues and challenges. In some districts, there are problems that the country's planning system cannot solve, neither financially nor technically, nor discursively. In this regard, contemporary urban planning can be effective by changing from top-down and imperative approaches to bottom-up and participatory approaches in the form of a tactical urban planning approach as one of the new types of urban planning in dysfunctional urban contexts. Consequently, the present study was conducted by identifying and prioritizing tactical projects, emphasizing increasing participation and implementing these projects in urban spaces (case study: Pamenar neighborhood of Kerman).

This research has an applied purpose and falls into the mixed research category in terms of analysis. We used a field visit and an expert questionnaire (basics of pairwise comparison). The focus group method included citizens, municipal officials, and officials from the Office for Facilitating the Reconstruction of Inefficient Areas in the Pamenar neighborhood.

Thirteen tactical projects were developed and weighed to involve the residents in the Pamenar neighborhood in solving the identified issues using expert knowledge and the pairwise comparison method. Also, the order and priority of each of these cases were determined. This weighting was performed according to the seven previously identified criteria for tactical urban planning, and then eight of the mentioned projects were implemented with the participation of neighborhood residents.

The current study demonstrated that by using this method, small but very effective and essential parts of citizens' needs can be met by considering residents' active role as real stakeholders, which high-level projects related to dysfunctional urban contexts could not do.

In recent years, the right-to-the-city approach, as an effective concept in the reproduction of social relations and the right to life, has defined the participation of citizens in shaping their daily self-centered life. Moreover, informal settlements with a high level of deprivation in access to services and various activities of urban life have essential requirements in urban management and planning.

Objectives:

 The present study, with an applied purpose and a descriptive-analytical method, tries to the comparative evaluation of study areas from the perspective of access and enjoyment of the components of the right approach to the city.

The research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of content. Data collection is through interviews, observation and questionnaires. Test analysis was performed based on samples from groups of urban experts and citizens based on Swara, Friedman and Vikor techniques.

Geographical Context:

 Koshtargah and Islamabad 2 neighborhoods of Urmia, are the two sites of the study area. 

The findings showed that the components of difference in the provision of public services and effectiveness have the highest and lowest levels of importance, respectively.

Islamabad 2 neighborhood is in a better position than the Koshtargah neighborhood in having the right-to-the-city indicators.