partnership

In the era of globalization, any model of development requires effective communication between different sub-national and transnational levels. This article highlights the role of communication in development in the age of globalization this includes providing relevant information, providing opportunities for discussion and sharing of information and ideas. The main question of the article is what role does communication play in the development process in the age of globalization? The method of doing this article is descriptive and analytical. The data required for the article are collected from library sources and reliable scientific research articles. The results of the article show that communication should be provided appropriately for different parts of the society. Dialogue and discussion and regular communication with the community leadership in the communities and equally there should be regular communication between different departments and social organizations. To create the possibility of collective action and participation of community members in development projects. Communication is essential to ensure the participation of everyone in the community. Communication creates the collective action of participants in development in the age of globalization. In the era of globalization, a development strategy that uses communicative approaches can incorporate people's basic attitudes and traditional wisdom, help people to adapt their views and acquire new knowledge and skills, and convey new social messages to convey to the audience.

In today's world, the tourism industry is one of the most important sectors that can have an impact on the economy of any country in terms of job creation and income generation. The tourism industry was used as a tool to identify the cultural identity of the countries and it is also considered as one of the important economic sectors. So that many development planners and policy makers have introduced activities related to the tourism industry as a reliable method with a clear perspective for the sustainable development of growing urban and rural communities. The tourism industry has become increasingly important as the largest service industry in the world. In such a way that the tourism industry competes with industries such as oil and automobile manufacturing and is one of the most important factors in the development of countries, so that it creates job opportunities, social and cultural interactions and even environmental protection programs. The main goal of this research is to identify the effective factors on the development of Mazandaran tourist areas with a participatory approach using a descriptive-analytical method. In order to achieve this goal, the study area was investigated with SWOT analysis and the tourism strengths of this province were identified, and each influential factor was given a score and rank according to the opinion of experts. The results of the research show that in the matrix of internal and external evaluation (IE) conservative strategies are proposed as feasible strategies. And the development of urban tourism follows a series of the most important and main motivations that knowing the goals of urban tourism development can be of great help in getting to know the concept of tourism development and earning money.

In principle, the discussion of sustainable development in sociology has become a pervasive phenomenon and has even become a major concern in the field of sociology. In the meantime, cities, due to the process of self-selection and expansion, as well as the high number of population and activity in these residential centers, which in itself causes environmental and social problems and even environmental damage in order to gain the interests of citizens. Be, is of particular importance. Now, if the city is industrial and based on petrochemicals, the problem will be acute. The purpose of this study is to investigate the sociological factors affecting the process of sustainable urban development in the South Pars region in Bushehr province with emphasis on environmental hazards. This study was cross-sectional and correlational, and its statistical population consisted of all citizens over 18 years of age in the urban area of ​​South Pars. The number of samples was selected based on Morgan's table and 397 correct questionnaires were used for the final analysis, and the sampling method was random. The measurement tool in this study was also a questionnaire. SPSS 22 and Smart PLS 2 statistical software were used to analyze the data. The results showed that individual variables have a moderating role in the relationship between sustainable development dimensions and environmental behaviors. There are also positive and significant relationships. An environment with a reliability coefficient of 0.95 is a positive and significant relationship.

The present paper deals with the analysis and analysis of spatial justice and its relation with social capital using descriptive-analytical research method. To assess spatial justice, the distribution of urban facilities and their per capita amount (per capita of religious, educational, medical, green, cultural, etc.) are used at local level. Then, they have been ranked by the multi-criteria decision-making method of Vicar County. According to the rates obtained from the vikor method and considering the final points, Shams Tabrizi and PehrAbad neighborhoods are in a state of affairs and the property districts, Sheikh Taj and TapaliBagi and Ohadi have a favorable situation.  The low-grade journals are in the new textbook and informal settlements. In areas such as Jahangir, Daneshghah, Sahand, Valiasr, Azadegan, new structures have been built as residential settlements over the past two decades. In the second stage, in order to evaluate the social justice of social capital indicators, a questionnaire was used that 383 questionnaires were prepared in relation to the population of each neighborhood. Five key indicators (trust, partnership, engagement, membership and security) have been used to assess social capital. The results show that neighborhoods such as Shams Tabriz, Khaje Nasir, Khan, Seidlar and Daraie have the highest social capital. In the third step, Pearson correlation methods and weight geographic regression have been used to analyze the relationship between spatial justice and social capital. In this method, the correlation between variables is shown in the neighborhood level. Output layer The standardized residual geographic weighted regression analysis between spatial justice and citizenschr('39') satisfaction shows that in Shams Tabrizi, Azadegan, Khajeh Nasir 1 and 2, Sheikh Taj, Daraie, and Pasdaran, there was a positive spatial relationship. This means that the spatial development of these areas has a positive impact on improving the quality of life and social capital, the greater the spatial justice in these areas will increase social capital.

The use of citizen capability in different societies is a strong point in promoting the social status of citizens and enhancing security at the community level. The purpose of this study is to investigate the status of citizen participation in Herat city and its impact on enhancing citizens' security and social development.

In order to achieve this goal after collecting the initial data using Pearson correlation, linear regression, t-test and the like in SPSS software, the relationship between the variables was investigated and then analyzed using Waspas and GIS analyzes. Necessary space has been surveyed around Herat.

The findings confirm that the highest and lowest levels of participation were observed in the tenth and ninth districts respectively, in terms of status and tendency for citizen participation, and the highest and lowest in terms of social development indicators in the 7th district of Herat, respectively. The ninth district and finally according to the indices of urban security got the highest score in the 14th district and the lowest in the tenth district.

The results of the study confirm that the citizens' willingness to participate in urban affairs is high, while the authorities are negligent about this issue and the ability and bias of citizens to establish security and consequently Increasing social development of the community has been neglected, which requires further scrutiny.

The “cooperation” element in Tehran-Moscow relations in a number of cases such as the fight against terrorism, arms deal, and participation in implementing nuclear facilities has risen to a high level of “importance”; meanwhile, analysts have used notions such as “strategic unity” and “strategic partnership” to describe and analyze the relations between the two nations. Nevertheless, given the occurrence of the “tension” element in these relations due to factors such as Russia’s agreement with the approval of the Security Council’s Resolutions against Iran and refraining from the delivery of S-300 missile system to the Islamic Republic, a number of analysts have opposed the “hypothesized strategic” relations between Iran and Russia. By conducting a comparison between the concept of “strategic relations” and the relation between the two countries, the present study seeks to provide answers to the aforementioned ambiguities. Subsequently, the purpose of this study is to examine the requirements and components for the formation of strategic relations and offer a notion to analyze Iran-Russia relations.

The theoretical framework of the study involves the conceptualization of the expression, “strategic relations” as well as offering its components and indices. The subject of strategic relations oversees certain relationships among nations with strategic dimensions. Relations between governments refer to the entire interactions that can be defined within the spectrum of cooperation to competition and tension (good or bad). As a result, it can be inferred that the word “relations” in the expression, “strategic relations”, is a neutral word; therefore, this concept cannot be exclusively used to be referred to as overseeing cooperation or in other words, “good relations”. The notion of strategic relations incorporate any interactions within the spectrum of good to bad relations based upon competition or cooperation, provided that it occurs in security areas; or whether it follows vital objectives and advantages or whether there are actors involved who are capable of influencing the system. Strategic relations involve different forms such as “unity”, “partnership”, “coalition”, and “competition”. Originally, by defining different forms of strategic relations, countries or governments primarily seek to increase their powers and influence over the international system or mitigate threats. By establishing a form of collaborative strategic relations, they seek to provide deterrence against the threats they are facing. The expression, “strategic relations” is not a form of relations; it deals with how relations are managed. There is a direct connection between strategic relations and the concepts of national interests and prioritization of actors accordingly. These relations are formed around national interests. It means that primarily, and until there are mutual security concerns, the purpose of strategic relations includes seeking cooperation in a variety of forms, i.e. the positive aspect. However, in case priorities are changed, then the competition between the actors would shape the strategic relations among them: their vital national interest would be affected by the competitions as well. Consequently, strategic relations can be defined as: A spectrum of bi- or multilateral relations formed over time, the nature of which is based upon cooperation and competition in different fields of politics, military, security, economy, society, and the environment, provided that it incorporates “strategic actions”, “activism of strategic actors”, “strategic consequences”, and “occurrence within strategic areas”.

The present inquiry is a descriptive-analytical study with the purpose of examining the legality that governs relations along with the variable of the study. Data collection was carried out using library studies, document and content examinations, and field works such as questionnaires, interviews, and observations.

4.1. Comparing the requirements of the formation of Iran-Russia strategic relations: The presence of strategic interests and purposes in overlapping domains: There are numerous mutual, overlapping, and opposing purposes and interests in Iran and Russia’s regional and international strategies; yet, each involves exclusive discretions that prevent higher degrees of cooperation between the two nations; The presence of an urgent enemy or threat, or a mutual competitor: One of the mutual purposes of the two nations includes confronting the presence and influence of the US and the West across the surrounding regions of Iran and Russia; however, the extent and severity of threats are not perceived equally by both Tehran and Moscow; Mutual understandings with respect to the international system and its regulations: Despite both Russia and Iran being revisionist nations, Russia seeks improvement within the present system framework while Iran pursues the transformation of the system and establishing a new order; The presence of political will in leaders: Though such a will is present in the Islamic Republic, it does not appear that the Kremlin possesses the same will to improve relations with Iran at the level of collaborative cooperation in strategic relations such as unity or partnership; The uniqueness of relations between two parties: Indices to assess this component include continuous meetings between the leaders, extensive economic, political, and military-security cooperation, the presence of a friendly atmosphere in bilateral relations, and the long-lasting interactions between the two nations. These indices were not observed in the case of Iran-Russia relations; Institutionalization and regularity of relations: The tangible indices of this component includes following a particular pattern in relations as well as establishing higher institutions to advance relationships. Examinations into Iran-Russia relations during the past few years did not indicate any regularities or following a specific pattern; moreover, it appears that Tehran-Moscow relations may be significantly affected by certain events and it is possible that the attempts of one party to focus on competitive purposes could result in extensive challenges with the other.

Interaction between Iran and Russia in the area of foreign policy is a function of both nations’ perception of their position in the international power structure as well as their own geopolitical requirements. The two nations have numerous mutual, competitive, and opposing geopolitical purposes and interests and there are strong barriers and discretions against any type of cooperation; meanwhile, adapting the interests and purposes and reaching agreements on how to follow them can bring about countless benefits for both countries. Therefore, regarding the relations as solely being strategic or a type of unity would not affect their nature and the type of actions. According to the above examinations, the relations between Iran and Russia is currently a “watchful partnership” or a type of “forced cooperation”; it refers to selective cooperation in cases and subjects against which both countries perceive themselves as being obligated to take mutual actions. The realization of strategic relations between the two parties by Iran requires a clear definition and a consensus over national interest priorities, threats, and objectives. If Russia seeks to reinforce its position at the region and in the world, i.e. remaining as an independent nation and not a member of the Western Bloc, then Russians should reach an agreement to rely on I.R. Iran as a dependable, powerful ally that is capable of asserting influence in line with mutual interests.

Urban neighborhoods, as the smallest level of urban structure, are the closest to social interactions and play an important role in the formation of a sustainable urban community. Undoubtedly, social participation is on the rise and human societies are faced with a new opportunity, which will be effective in improving the human condition. Promoting local development and responding to diverse economic, social, financial, territorial, educational and other issues. Citizens in urban neighborhoods need "citizen social participation" and "exploiting the capacities of NGOs and NGOs". Local councils in Tehran are among the institutions created to increase the participation of people in urban management. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of councils in Tehran's neighborhoods in local participation and development. Exploratory-exploratory research is an applied research method. The data collection method was library and field based (questionnaire) and descriptive and inferential statistics (Pearson model) were used to analyze data using spss software. The results of the research show that the development of localities can be achieved by strengthening local participation. But the role of the councils in increasing the participation of civilians in urban management plays a minor role. Courageous mechanisms are also inadequate to increase the participation of the people of the neighborhood and the role of the municipality in increasing the participation of the people. Also, councils are not at the level of planning and urban management.

Today, due to fade citizen participation in In the affairs and urban issuesand also little trust in these institutions, social capital as per what is important is the lives of citizens With components such as trust, participation and social cohesion plays a role in creating social institutions. Therefore, further study in this field Components of social capital in the creation of social institutions in terms of what role citizens have in Ferdosiyeh is very important. In this connection, this paper considers that the role of social capital in the creation of neighborhood-based social institutions in the city to pay Ferdosiyeh As well as the correlations them in neighborhood-based social institutions determine and specify the effective component.Type of this research is applied and the method of describing-analytic review And tools for research interview and use of questionnaire and analysis of results with the SPSS software.Pearson correlation test results showed that the percentage of participation with the 0/712, 0/615 percent and social cohesion and trust with the 0/264 percent respectively in the creation of social institutions have a crucial role in Ferdosiyeh. And using linear regression analysis revealed that among the components of social capital,53/2 % of participation of citizens in neighborhood-based social institutions are more important in Ferdosiyeh And a feature of this institution is enjoying the views of citizens in municipal affairs.

INTRODUCTIONCurrently, in most developed countries, the development of rural tourism is realized through creating brands for rural tourism destinations because tourism brands pave the way for competition between different service sectors; however, in a broader context, it competes with other tourism destinations for attracting more tourists and investment, and providing better services, employment, etc. In fact, rural tourism is a valuable source of employment and income generation that could be an important tool for socio-economic development of rural communities. Today, rural tourism is an invaluable source of job creation and income generation, which can serve as an important vehicle for social and economic development in rural communities. Thus, the creation of a unified brand for rural tourism and systematic planning of rural managers in the selection of suitable branding projects can prepare the ground for the promotion of sustainability in economic, social, environmental, physical, and structural domains.
METHODOLOGYThis study is an applied one whose data are collected using a descriptive-survey method. The population consists of rural households in Binalood county. According to the most recent data, there were approximately 9263 rural households in Binaloud county. Based on Cochran formula, the sample size was comprised of 166 out of 4663 households, and as table 1.0 shows, the sample households were selected from nine villages including Jagharq, Abardeh-Oliya, Kang, Dehbar, Gorakhk, Abardeh-Sofla, Zoshk Neighborhood, Hesar, Sarasiab, Azghad and Zoshk. Households were the unit of analysis in this study, and the respondents were the units of observation. The required data were obtained using a questionnaire filled out by household members. The questionnaire designed by the authors of the study was the main research tool to collect data and asses the variables. Data processing and analysis were conducted using SPSS software package. For data analysis, descriptive and analytical statistical methods were employed. The validity (i.e., face validity) of data gathering tools was confirmed by experts. The reliability of the questionnaire was assessed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, which showed the questionnaire was reliable (r=0.78).
DISCUSSIONTo analyze the impact of tourism on social sustainability of rural settlements, the path analysis test was used. The results were analyzed in three stages (outputs). In the first stage, 13 independent variables were included in the equation, with a regression analysis explaining 35% variation in the dependent variable (i.e., social sustainability). In this context, the variable of appropriate infrastructure with a coefficient of 0.364 had a significant impact on the dependent variable. Therefore, in the second stage, the “appropriate infrastructure” was treated as the dependent variable and seven other variables, which had high level of significance, were incorporated as independent variables.
The results suggest that variables included in the regression analysis explained more than 14% of the variation in the dependent variable (i.e., appropriate infrastructure) with the variable of accessibility of tourist facilities (a=0.359) leaving the greatest impact on the dependent variable. In the third stage, tourism facilities were treated as the dependent variables and other variables were treated as independent variables. Thus, variables included in the regression analysis explained 7% of the variation in the dependent variable (i.e., tourism facilities). Finally, tourism development remained as the last variable.
CONCLUSIONIn this study, the effects of rural tourism brand factors on social indicators of rural settlement were investigated. There is a significant positive relationship between the creation of a tourism brand and social sustainability in most rural areas under study. That is, the development of rural tourism brand can lead to the sustainability of rural areas.
Finally, the results of path analysis showed that the independent variable (i.e., rural tourism brand), in addition to its direct effects, had a number of significant indirect effects on the social sustainability of rural settlements as well. In this context, the variable of tourist facilities, besides its direct effects, could indirectly influence sustainability through variables such as access to appropriate infrastructure. Similarly, the variable of tourism development could exert indirect effects on variables like appropriate infrastructure and tourism facilities.
On the other hand, entrepreneurship and employment variables also had significant indirect effects on sustainability. Finally, the independent variable factors (e.g., tourism brands) were ranked according to their impact. Out of eight variables analyzed in the regression equation, the variables of tourism facilities (0.472), appropriate infrastructure (0.364), and tourism development (0.169) had the greatest effect on social sustainability. However, the effects of factors such as education, artistic importance, existence of tourism-related job opportunities, tourism assets, accessibility, investment, natural potentials, cultural significance, and entrepreneurship on sustainability were identified as the least important factors in the path analysis though they are different from other equation variables.

Neighborhood as a unit wisdom decisions Nowadays, fewer characters in the decisions taken by the authorities knocks And in case that is the main initial core of their urban neighborhoods forms And citizens to participate in decisions taken at the level of the need for social institutions at the level of its smaller neighborhoods And trust in local institutions and citizens is more in need of Hmbn cause social institutions at the local level is essential.So what factors need further study in the field of social institutions at the local level is important in terms of citizensis of utmost importance.In this connection, this paper intends to identify factors contributing to Social institutions at the local level and its correlation with the characteristics of these institutions payAs well as effective agents to identify the factors identified using linear regression.Type of this research is descriptive and functional and Methods Survey and interview and questionnaire tool to study and analyze the results with SPSS software is.After identifying the factors that create social institutions at the local level, it factors in the Sample located in neighborhoods in the city have tested Ferdosiyeh The results of Pearson correlation test showed that the citizens 5 of trust, participation, efficiency, equity, and quality of life by over 50% and is largely based on the realization of neighborhood social institutions are effectiveAnd the results of linear regression analysis affect both participation and trust it has with 57/8 percentAnd finally to create social institutions at the local level should be Ferdosiyeh participation of citizens in the decisions taken in to confidence In that to create neighborhood-based social institutions of higher and higher experienced citizens at the local level can be used.

Tourism development in Iran for its unique natural attractions along with the historical and cultural richness could have many benefits for rural communities. Promotion of Ecotourism whose main purpose is bring benefits to nature and local communities and also the conservation and sustainability of natural resources is a strategy for development of the rural communities. One of the most basic necessary infrastructure to achieve this goal is the construction of Ecolodges in the areas with high ecotourism potential. The Construction of eco-friendly resorts is impossible without the participation of individuals; on the other hand¡ the empowered local communities are more motivated to participate in the implementation of the Ecotourism plans. Due to the impacts of constructing an Ecolodge on the partnership and empowerment Indicators in Simin Dasht area has been measured¡ this research is objective and in terms of the nature and method it is analytical and descriptive. The study sample were the residents of Simin Dasht area who among them heads of households (n = 109) were selected. To collect data¡ the questionnaire and to analyze the hypotheses the Chi-Square Test were used. The results of this study prove the significant relationship between the Ecolodge construction and the partnership and empowerment of the local people.

Introduction These days one of the realities of middle and big cities of the country is the old civil zones that have their own problems. Inaccessibility to facilities and services، being tight and narrowing of allies and etc… across the districts are some problems that the old and worn out textures of 6th zone has them. So with regarding such problems، on one hand، should use of local participation strategies and non governmental forces (citizens، private sector، owners، …) involved in reformation and modernization of old worn out textures. On the other hand، creating the grounds for trust making and offering facilities and urban services in order to providing backgrounds for participation in reformation and modernization of living environment are necessary. 2-Theoretical basis Old worn out civil texture refers to legal districts of cities that have low value from place، environment and financial aspects and are vulnerable because of skeletal worn out، inaccessibility to transportation، facilities، services and urban infrastructures. In relation with reformation of worn out texture، public partnership has more part in development process of these textures and getting information about type and rate of public partnership in civil construction and development، specially urban development، makes planner able to give special attention to this phenomenon as one of the effective pillars in implementing proposals and urban development plans. So reformation and improvement of worn out texture as a suitable solution for qualitative improvement of texture is possible only with public and governmental partnership. In Isfahan، many of districts have worn out textures too but hence Moft Abad، Koole Parche and Saadat Abad districts as worn out texture districts are located in 6th zone of this city and most of the districts of this zone have high financial advantages so are in priority from reformation and improvement aspects. Because of residents and the owners poverty of these textures، there is no automatically reformation and reconstruction and also investors don’t have any inclination to investment in them. If the direction of reformation of worn out texture continues in this way and unplanned interventions are doing there، day by day will increase the problems of these textures and change to disorderedplaces. With regarding such problems and issues، paying attention to public institutions and participating them in reformation، modernization and improving the present situation of these textures is necessary. 3-Discussion The 6th zone is located in southeast of Isfahan and from north reaches to Si-o Se Pol (bridge) in the direction of Zaiande Rood river to Bozorgmehr bridge،from the south reaches to Ashkavand bridge in the direction of train rail to Rah Aahan (rail) bridge، from the east reaches to Bozorgmehr bridge in the direction of river to Ashkavand bridge and from the west reaches to Rah Aahan (rail) bridge in the direction of Shahid Dastjerdi highway to Si- o-Se Pol (bridge). Space area of the zone is around 6707 (hectare) and the population is 111417 peoples. The size of worn out texture in this zone is 116/43 hectare that is for three districts، Moft Aabad، Koole Parche and Saadat Aabad and main problems of the worn out textures of this zone are the lack of facilities and services، low quality of buildings and materials، being tight and narrowness of allies، unsuitable accessibility and low safety across the district. 4-Conclusion 400 questionnaires with regarding the population of each district، 210 questionnaires in Moft Aabad district، 110 questionnaires in Saadat Aabad and 80 questionnaires in Koole Parche were distributed. 2-3- Studying the condition of facilities and services: Except religious and commercial centers and somehow the civil facilities، Moft Aabad and Koole Parche have very bad conditions in having facilities and services. But Saadat Aabad in comparison with two other districts has better condition. 3-3- Studying the rate of public participation: tendency to reformation of residential houses، reconstruction of passerby ways، infrastructures facilities and installations and also tendency to local associations and communities among residents is high but when needed، the plans for changing buildings and estates، financial help and also tendency to participation in creating funds، has low percent and the activity of authorities for asking and surveying the ideas of the district residents in plans and increasing the level of awareness of citizens in attracting their partnership in reformation and reconstruction have low levels and also the rate of residents supervisions in reconstructions that were made in these districts had low levels in questionnaires. In general the rate of partnership was low. 3-4- Studying the rate of trusting of residents to authorities: The opinion of residents about trusting to civil authorities has offered low percent. And an interview that was done with some residents insisted on this matter that municipalityand civil authorities are more thinking about their advantages and profits than people and their aim is buying the lands and buildings of residents with low prices and don’t act based on their promises so this caused that trust rate of residents to authorities became low. 3-5- Testing the hypotheses: In first hypothesis، according to the Pierson correlation coefficient and simple linear regression between the partnership rate of people and the rate of facilities and services in Moft Aabad district with 0/521 correlation coefficient and in Koole Parche with 0/502 correlation coefficient، there is high correlation. But in Saadat Aabad with 0/094 correlation coefficient، this hypothesis is rejected. In second hypothesis، between the rate of public partnership and the grounds for trust making in district (in Moft Aabad with 0/581 correlation coefficient، Koole Parche with 0/621 correlation coefficient and Saadat Aabad with 0/502 correlation coefficient) there is a high correlation and hence the trust rate of people to authorities was low and the rate of public partnership was low too. 5-Suggestions The old worn out textures are vulnerable districts against natural hazards that needed to planning and coordinated involvement and intervention fororganizing and in this aspect one of the most important strategies for reformation and modernization the worn out textures is using the partnership of citizens because one of the main measures in being successful for planning is partnership and without it couldn’t be hope to the effectiveness of reformation and modernization plans. Offering facilities and services and trust making are two key factors for attracting citizens partnership in such a way that their lacking cause the decrease of their partnership in creating and performing plans.

This paper aims at investigating the Paul Davidoff’s approach to advocacy planning as one of the first intellectual foundations of social and cultural issues proposals in the field of urban planning with reference to the development of urban planning theories.This study library, field studies, interviews and questionnaires, and the answers to these questions: Advocacy planning in the evolution of urban planning theories and principles of how a place has and what the requirements are? How it works, how it operates and what problems are faced in the valley? Case Study Area in Sabzevar, Iran continued to seek answers to the question Whether Advocacy planning in this area can be effective in improving the quality of life of its residents? Finally, the results of this paper only way to reconcile professional advantage (specialization) and political responsibility Davidoff introduces the concept of representation The views and opinions is one of the most important pioneers in the field of attention to social issues and participation present. We conclude that the Golestan district of sustainable development can be achieved if the first residents to do a variety of joint projects, the viewpoint of economics social, and cultural the physical aspects of environmental expediencies lead; Second, the current urban management must abandon their former views, with an eye towards a system of integrated urban management and administration of the local authority to take steps.

Aging and building of old texture، in various forms، including the reduction or loss of viability conditions and safety problems as well as physical، social، economic and infrastructural can be received and identified. The essential need for reconstruction and rehabilitation of the urban old textures is the development of environment for humans. The necessary requirements are socio - cultural and economic (Shamaei and Pourahmad، 2006:43). Theoretical bases: The required capital for the reconstruction and rehabilitation of the whole old urban textures، according to rehabilitation organization of Tehran''s estimates، is 5 times bigger than government budget in 2010 and 59 times bigger than all Municipalities of Iran in 2008. This subject demonstrates that providing required capital is not merely in capabilities of the public sector or Municipality (Ranjbarian، 2010، p. 142). But it needs the widely usage of financial markets and the financial tools which is possible via more cooperation between both public and private sectors. From a theoretical perspective، the concept of the cooperation between public and private sectors is related to the «X-efficiency» theory which was introduced in 1966 by American economist Harvey Leibenstein (1922-1993). According to his view، until the public economic institutions and enterprises receive official blessing of financial resources and enough monetary policy for release، offset and limit their possible failure، they will never go bankrupt. The final results of this research show that the private sector participation with final weight of 0. 323 is the best financing method for reconstruction and rehabilitation of urban old textures according to the research''s criteria. The risk in this method is much less than in other financing methods. Also، the private sector participation in higher return rate criteria with the relative rate of 0. 319 is in first place. The cost of this method is low and only the cost of the money providing process is higher in this method comparing to the others. But the relative weight of the cost of money providing criteria in comparison to the other ones is lower; thus in general، it has not changed the private sector participation rank. Although government officials are aware of the importance of executing the project، but government aids to this community is at least and the rules are not supporting using government facilities. As the results showed، the method of private sector participation with total weight of 0. 323 is the best method for reconstructing and rehabilitating old urban texture. Thus، government officials need to consider this and provide required facilities to supply bonds. Also، according to results، the private sector investment with final weight of 0. 235 is in the second place in financing methods priority. On the other hand، considering the advantages of this method and also its high place in ranking due to criteria، more attention is needed. The bank funding method with relative weight of 0. 129 has the last or fifth ranking. The results do not suggest applying this method comparing to the other financing methods used in this research. Suggestions: The results show that the private investment with final weight of 0. 235 is in the second place in financing methods priority. On the other hand، considering the advantages of this method and also its high place in ranking due to criteria، more attention should be given to it.