peace

Two platforms are placed at the entrances of houses. Passers-by can use them to rest for a while and the residents of the house can be there during the day to socialize or to be informed about the neighborhood.The vestibule as the first interior space of the house draws a boundary between the outdoor and the indoor. The angle between the door and the hallway hides the indoor from the strangers. The yard is the first space after the vestibule. Aligned with the financial status of the proprietor, the yard can be small or large. However, its structure stays always the same. A shallow pond of water, square or rectangular sits in the middle of the yard surrounded by several small and large gardens. A bed stands out on the pond. The height of the yard wall is between three to five meters or can be more. The house is kept away from wind, dust, cold, heat, noise, and outside view. There are rooms around the yard. They come in different sizes and have a variety of uses. The room facing the sun is for winter and the hallway or room facing the sun is for summer: living room and sitting room or parlor. One has a windshield and maybe a small pond under the windshield. Closets in the corners of the house, whose uses need a separate discussion.The kitchen is generally in a space in the basement where food is stored and equipped with vents that let the smell of food go out.The underground space also has an identity and is used in summer for the storage of materials, clothes, and equipment. Sometimes it shows the path of the aqueduct ( Qanat in Persian) presenting the residents of the house with special tranquility. Qanat water outlet is both a place to supply water to the yard and house and a place to sit and rest.The physical structure of the traditional house is built in the heart of the desert, and the combination and array of its various elements gives its residents a sense of tranquility more than anything else. High and wide walls, unique landscapes of water and plants as well as quiet and cozy spaces seem to be deliberately designed to be a source of comfort. House is a peaceful environment and its components are peaceful.The space serves the peace of the people of the house, and for this reason, the house is designed to be a spot to unwind and experience matchless tranquility. The space requires people to talk more quietly and there is less movement between parts. The people of the desert have always been away from the hustle and bustle of life. That justifies such an alignment. Time even seems to move more slowly to maintain serenity.Interestingly, renovated houses can evoke the same feeling in visitors. The rare silence, the smell of clay and water and plants, the color of the wall and the door, and nature, give a different feeling and mood to tourists who have reached a house amidst the hustle and bustle of the city, where peace is a part of its identity. Those hotels and guesthouses that have been able to preserve this element in the renovation are favored by tourists.The landscape approach demands that this identity be prioritized and scrutinized from different angles. It should be determined what amalgamation of elements has caused this meaningful image and how this identity has affected other functions of the house in the sense of home. A meaningful identity that has not been lost after years, even in the physical reconstruction, but it has attracted more attention in contrast to the busy current society, and the fast rhythm of life.

Slow tourism is the latest effort presented in the sustainable development framework to address the hurried lifestyle based on modernism. It emphasizes localism, relaxation, local interactions, conscious choice of travel destination, and assistance to tourism destinations. The current research purpose is to synthesize the results of the studies on the feasibility of slow tourism.

Design/methodology/approach:

 The current research is based on a qualitative approach and is a developmental study in terms of the goal. In this research, a systematic review of 24 studies in the period from 2009 to 2023 was done using meta-synthesis method. The statistical community consisted of books, articles, theses, and scientific documents related to slow tourism. The research sources were selected by available sampling method.

Based on the findings of the meta-synthesis, 157 open codes were obtained regarding the feasibility of slow tourism, which were divided into seven optional codes and 28 core codes (environmental policies, infrastructure policies, urban quality technologies and facilities, policies of agriculture, tourism and handicrafts, policies of hospitality, education and awareness, social cohesion policies, motivation, locality, social welfare, experience-based approach temporal, cyclical, linear; transportation, leisure, food, restaurant, mechanisms; environmental, economic, social, ethical, and micro levels).

The slow tourism feasibility model requires seven key categories, including requirements, key components, dimensions, facilitating factors, supporting activities, interfering factors, and micro and macro consequences. The development of slow tourism proposals consists of abandoning fast forms of transportation, providing the principles of low-carbon travel, and adjusting transportation infrastructure development plans to promote green mobility.

Originality/value:

 The present research, by synthesizing the results of previous studies, can present the model of the realization of slow tourism and provide the basis for its application in the target places of slow tourism.

Tourism is not only one of the most dynamic sectors of the economy but also plays a critical role in strengthening gross domestic product, employment and income distribution. Tourism helps establish world peace and contributes to mutual understanding among nations. Governments have striven to achieve this human ideal and directed many efforts at materializing world peace and security while making policies to develop tourism as the most dynamic economic, political, ad cultural activity of the present age, which leverages its soft and fluid power to help establish peace and security and link nations together. This research investigates the political effects of tourism. The methodology is descriptive-analytical. Data are gathered by documentary and library methods. Research findings suggest that tourism strengthens peace and security, increases national pride, national coherence and public diplomacy, establishes political stability among nations and provides a positive image of the host nation.

Peace ecology is a new emergent scientific concept which is formed due to the scientific discourses on environmental security and environmental peacemaking, and it is philosophically seeks peace with the environment which is challenged and threatened by human interventions. This concept has attracted scholars' attention and regarding environmental threats in local, national and regional levels it is necessary to be considered in Iran. So, this article using descriptive-analytic method and based on library data gathering procedure tries to explain peace ecology, conceptually. Also, it tries to provide some suggestions to peace-building and peacemaking in some regions such as the Middle East and Caspian Sea based on peace ecology indicators. The research findings show that regarding the urgency of environmental threats, these threats can provide some opportunities for peace-building and peacemaking.

Studying the geopolitical history suggests that it has been discussed together with such concepts as war, competition, and sovereignty, mainly because the traditional geopolitics nations always seek to made conquest and domination over other countries. It means that the traditional geopolitics presents the viewpoint of world powers. Since 1945, the governing idea over international systems has been relied upon preventing nations from starting a new world war. However, in the contemporary world, the emergence of modern physical and spiritual demands of human beings, like living in peace, has increased the importance of human liberality to stop armed struggle and war. Research findings suggest that, unlike the past, geopolitics could be taken into account as a way to bring about peace in the contemporary world. Therefore, the modern geopolitics together with international human being interests and introducing people’s index has suggested new fields as environmental, critical, and resistance geopolitics. Using a historical approach, the present research aimed to study the geopolitical concepts of peace together with changes in its course from geopolitical concepts of war to peace. In this regard, the geopolitical concept of peace specifically seeks to achieve such objectives as introducing changes in missions, structures and functions of international organizations, increasing regionalism processes, strengthening peace as well as world’s justice discourses, international fighting against terrorism, designing philanthropic interferences, maintaining world’s human rights, decreasing human afflictions, etc. So, it suggests that the world power should be formed and organized based on the aforementioned concepts. The present analytical-descriptive research is a basic study in terms of purpose. Data were collected through a library method.

One of the influential components in the international system and relations between political units is having peace and respecting territorial integrity on the part of these units. The borders of any country are the first areas that are invaded and attacked in case of violation of the territorial integrity of that country, which causes instability and insecurity for the residents of these areas. Keeping this issue in mind, the present study seeks to provide the necessary solutions to stabilize peace in the northwestern borders of Iran, emphasizing the Nagorno-Karabakh crisis. In terms of its objectives the current research is of an applied research type and qualitative in nature. The data of the research has been collected in the way of interviews with elites who are familiar with the subject of the research. The statistical population is 30 people, which was selected based on the theoretical saturation approach. The obtained findings have been analyzed using single-level thematic analysis and coding technique. In this research, after conducting the interview, implementing and coding the themes, three macro and strategic solutions as the general dimensions of the research were extracted as the most important research solutions in the form of the propositions, including the adoption of active diplomacy by the country's diplomatic system, the creation of dependent economic platforms and the use of scientific, cultural and ethnic capacities in the countries adjacent to the northwestern borders of the country. The obtained results showed that in order to prevent the spread of the security consequences of the Nagorno-Karabakh crisis to the border regions of Iran, as well as to establish peace and create sustainable security in the international borders of northwestern Iran, there is a need for written planning in the form of active diplomacy with the coordinated support of military power, the expansion and promotion of scientific relations, cultural and ethnic through public policies on both sides of the border, as well as creating dependent economic platforms among the neighboring countries in the northwestern borders of Iran, on behalf of the policy-makers and the country's officials, in order to witness stable peace and security in the borders of the studied area.

In today’s world which is rife with civil wars, terrorist activities and other different forms of violence, peace is complex in nature affected by different social, economic, cultural, political and also psychological factors. One of the states of the society which may pave the way for conflict or other forms of violence is anomie. Jamieson considered this issue and argued that in social contexts where anomie is present, important objective factors such as threat of war, long histories of war, or emergence of terrorist activities might exist.

This research is applied in terms of its goal and is a descriptive and case study in terms of the nature and method. The data gathering procedure is based on library and field findings. The number of the statistical sample is N= 515 and SPSS software is used to analysis the data. Beside of field findings, library findings are also used to expand anomie measurement tool. Also, qualitative and quantitative methods are used to analysis the data. Finally, the data are used to suggest some policies to decrease in anomie and institutionalize peace in Iran.      

The results of the analysis in terms of measuring anomie in Iran showed that all of the Iranian ethnicities witness high level of anomie (PAS= 3.74). The study two showed that there is an association between economic and social indexes and anomie among different ethnicities. The most important factors in this relation are: life expectancy, access to facilities, access to media and age. These factors have predictive value and can forecast anomie among different ethnicities. These association is used to propose some policies to decrease in anomie and institutionalize peace in Iran. The study three also showed that anomie perception threatens peace, and in particular, internal peace. Societies which are in anomic situation and in decay are more prone to violence and breach of peace. We found that higher level of PAS will trigger violence and threat of war and conflict. Also, the regression results show that, after controlling the effect of breakdown in leadership, breakdown in social fabric has a significant direct impact on peace index as well as its components, i.e., internal and external peace (p-value <0.05). 

As one of the consequences of anomie on the societal scale, we intended to investigate peace. As argued earlier, anomie is related to a reduced level of peace and an increased level of violence and terrorism. After developing a theatrical framework to measure anomie, we conducted three studies. Study one showed that Iran has witnessed a high level of anomie; study two showed that factors including life expectancy, access to facilities, access to media and age have an association with anomie in Iran. Study three showed that higher level of PAS will trigger violence and threat of war and conflict. Using the results of study two, some policies are suggested to decrease in anomie and institutionalize peace in Iran as follows: 1) using peace education to create trust in society and promote moral standards; 2) re-distribution of rare resources to meet the needs of all citizens, development based foreign policy and reconsideration of sustainable economic development. These three facets can promote the state’s legitimacy and efficiency; 3) considering factors affecting life expectancy like meeting the needs of citizens; 4) educating and informing citizens about media and the published content; 5) promotion of civil society, culture and organizations.

From emergence of ancient civilizations in pre-history era to the dawn of early 21st century in contemporary history, the world has witnessed a variety of ways according to which members of international community tried to solve their disputes and find peaceful solutions for their conflicts. However, a very recent mechanism, which proved to be fruitful, is moving towards integration and convergence within the region they belong to.
Defining and drawing the lines of common interest is the first step in this long road. It is the objective of this paper to explore that how moving towards regional integration based on geographical closeness, cultural interaction, and economic cooperation can create the framework for a geopolitics in the Middle East leading to a new regional subsystem in international system ending decades of bloody wars and costly destruction and promising a better future with peace, stability and welfare for its nations. The paper also argues that a minimum level of mutual understanding, mutual trust, and political will, and less intervention by outsiders are among necessary preconditions for this process to begin. The paper finally evaluates the challenges facing this approach from an Iranian perspective.

Introduction Security and, in parallel, coexistence and peace, which are the longest themes that have engulfed the mind of man, The necessity of establishing it in the modern period, and especially in the twenty-first century, is more than ever felt for the sectarian empire. This theme (peace) has been considered from various dimensions so far, In this connection, the present study seeks to study peace and coexistence between political units in the new and the geographic area in the Middle East and between the three countries of Iran, Turkey and Saudi Arabia.
Methodology The present study examined the documentary approach and analytical descriptive method to better understand the issue of geographically effective peacekeeping and eventually analyze data.
Findings Geopolitical Effective Peace
1. Geographic locationFollowing the three great powers of the Middle East, Iran, Turkey and Saudi Arabia from a maritime strategy can be a factor of political and peaceful convergence Therefore, geographic time encompasses both the status of challenges and opportunities. But what matters is behavior and policies that can be used to cope with the challenges and use its opportunities well.
2. Cultural foundations Today, most neighboring countries and neighborhoods overlap in terms of human resource interactions, culture and common religion.
3. Political organization of space In the Middle East, how the political organization of space in the region and within the countries led to the formation of Kurdish, Arabic and Armenian nationalism with the aim of opposing imposed boundaries, which provided further areas for domestic and regional conflicts in the future.
4. Common Objectives Apart from the specific purpose and specific interests of nations and nations that are causing increasing competition and conflict between them, they share common goals such as peace, sustainable development, the fight against poverty and injustice and discrimination. Which, in order to achieve this goal, requires cooperation, assistance and collective effort, can provide a foundation for cooperation between the studied political.
5. Mutual interests Countries in a region face a wide range of topics and opportunities in the political, economic, cultural, social, technological, environmental and other fields, including the appropriate areas and sub-areas of which there are three major regional powers that share their interests. Being able to:A) Growth in trade and commerce
B) regional unity nuclei
C) Regional security
D) Common Natural Resources
Ideology The three powerful Muslim countries in the Middle East, in the midst of most of the neighboring Middle East crises, have been struggling to address the ideology over the past decade. Meanwhile, Iran and Saudi Arabia and Turkey have the greatest responsibility. These wars, slowly and without victory, are wiped out after the country's forces and strength and efficiency, It will end: that is, as always, the outcome of the competition here will be lost - will be lost. Common Geographic Bottlenecks Bottlenecks, such as waterfalls, freshwater scarcity, land and sea environmental pollution, and more. provides cooperation for more countries. Analysis It is not possible to achieve comprehensive peace in the region, regardless of geography, so it can be said that peace can have a geographical basis. Geography determines the geographic location, cultural foundations, neighborhood, and even ideology, so geography can form the strengths and weaknesses of the research triangle (Iran, Turkey and Saudi Arabia) Leads to common goals and interests. From this stage onwards, these are political structures that, by their proper discernment, must identify common goals and interests, and move toward coexistence and convergence and ultimately peace.
Conclusions So, as far as the discussion is concerned, most of the platforms, backgrounds and indicators for coexistence, cooperation, convergence and development of regional and global unions and peace-making between Iran, Saudi Arabia and Turkey in geography are always available. have been And what constitutes the leaders and political leadership of these three countries toward fostering and peace-building in this region is not geography, but rather to a degree influenced by their attitude towards the world, the identification of interests and goals, and in particular the way Attitude towards Neighborhood.