relaxation

Given that a significant portion of Iran comprises desert landscapes, desertification presents an opportunity for local businesses and economic activities to thrive. Consequently, this research aims to investigate the individual and social factors influencing the adoption of desert sports tourism among students at Mazandaran University. The research employed the Alam Talab questionnaire (2014) as its primary tool, the validity of which was established through the input of sports tourism experts, and its reliability was confirmed with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.88. Statistical analysis was conducted using the SPSS version 26 and PLS version 4. The results indicated that the model, with a coefficient of determination (R-squared) value of 0.114, fits as a weak model, suggesting that individual and social factors do not significantly influence the adoption of desert sports tourism among Mazandaran University students. To enhance the appeal of desert sports tourism, it is recommended to engage in effective media advertising, improve safety and security measures, offer tours with suitable and affordable amenities, and enhance the overall attractiveness of desert sports tourism to potential participants.

Studies show that stress in cities is increasing, so that the 20th century has been called the century of management and communication, and the century of stress and anxiety and nervous disorders. In this regard, the old fabric of cities, which is based on the pure principles of local architecture and urban planning, has undergone changes and contradictions with the formation of recent developments, and has lost much of its past peace. The study sought to evaluate the impact of environmental factors on stress in the Sirdeh neighborhood in the old fabric center of Sabzevar. Data was collected through a questionnaire of environmental factors in creating stress in urban environment and also the standard Dass questionnaire for measuring the received stress. Relying on Cochran's formula, 365 residents of the neighborhood were selected to complete the questionnaire. Analysis of the results by measuring Pearson correlation coefficient showed that there is a significant relationship between environmental factors and stress in the environment. It also showed that the environmental quality factor has the highest relationship and environmental climatic factors have the lowest relationship with citizens’ stress. The results of regression analysis indicate that environmental qualities along with the quality of visual elements and the regulation of environmental conditions together overshadow 64% of citizens' stress. Analysis of variance also showed that young people aged 20 to 40 years were more affected by environmental stressors. Overall, despite numerous stressors such as poor environmental quality, low security and overcrowding, with proper planning for solving problems and increasing the quality and environmental facilities and security of the neighborhood, it is possible to recreate dynamic, safe and quiet neighborhoods in accordance with its originality.

the aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between visual appearance and behavior of citizens is the emphasis on the Ardabil. The study type was applied and the descriptive-analytical and correlation method was applied. Accordingly, the data collected through questionnaires in a sample size of 50 directors, assistants and technicians working in the field of architecture, urban planning and beautification of Ardabil Town Hall and Ardabil faculty. And analyzed using Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis using SPSS statistical software has been The results show that the visual appearance and comfort of the city and there is a positive relationship. The results of multiple regression analysis, we can conclude that the visual appearance of indicators greater impact on peace with 0.533 to 0.128 citizens and the least impact on the orientation of the city is. What citizens expect from Ardabil supplying the visual appearance of peace, security, and help prevent Vandalism in orientation and ongoing reforms in the city of Ardabil, urban landscape identity to the place of religious, cultural and tourism to be tailored.