responsible tourism

Land subsidence is one of the environmental hazards that humanity has faced in recent decades due to excessive extraction of groundwater resources in alluvial areas. This phenomenon, like other hazards (earthquakes, droughts, floods, storms, landslides, etc.), is considered an obstacle to socio-economic and civil development. The Neyshabur Plain is one of the most important plains in Khorasan Razavi Province in terms of agriculture and population density, which is located in the northeast of Iran with an arid and semi-arid climate. In this study, Sentinel 1A satellite images were used in a 5-year period (2017 to 2022) to monitor the rate of subsidence within the city of Neyshabur. The main objective of the present study is to investigate the effects of land subsidence awareness on responsible tourism within the city of Neyshabur. The results of radar interferometry studies showed that 18 cm of subsidence occurred in the study area during a 5-year period. Data from piezometric wells in the area were used to determine the cause of land subsidence, and their changes were examined during the period 1370-1398. The registered subsidence rates for each period were 4 cm for 2017-2018 (1395-1396), about 6 cm for the period 2018-2019 (1396-1397), 5 cm for the period 2019-2020 (1397-1398), 2 cm for the period 2020-2021 (1398-1399), and 1 cm for the period 2021-2022 (1399-1400). The results of the study showed that there is a close relationship between the decline in groundwater levels and areas with land subsidence in the city of Neyshabur, which has affected responsible tourism. Especially in the northern part of the city, which has the highest groundwater level decline of 36.78 meters and is also in a high subsidence risk zone. According to the analysis of the results obtained in SPSS and Smart Pls software, all factor loading scores were higher than 0.5, Cronbach's alpha for both main values ​​was confirmed and more than 0.7, and the AVE coefficients were also obtained more than 0.5, and validity and reliability were confirmed. Finally, the effect of awareness of subsidence on responsible tourism was confirmed, indicating that awareness of Neyshabur subsidence, as an environmental challenge, has affected tourists' tourism decisions.

The aim of this study was to identify and introduce desirable areas of eco-tourism treatment in Guilan province. For this purpose, in a quantitative-qualitative research was done based on documentary and field studies. The researcher used a pair-wise comparison questionnaire to evaluate 4 criteria and 18 sub-criteria of environmental characteristics and cognitive variables according to 25 tourism and health experts in Guilan province. Although Guilan province is one of the most important and considered areas in the field of eco-tourism, so far the advantage of its ecotourism treatment has not been used. The present study is the first to identify and zone the areas susceptible to implication in Guilan province in order to diversify opportunities and focus tourism development programs. According to the results, the criteria of natural attractions with a numerical value of 0.632 and the sub-criterion of the possibility of touching the elements of nature with the five senses with a numerical value of 0.277 were the most important study priorities of the research from the perspective of experts. Based on the zoning map of prone areas for healing eco-tourism, 13.38% of the area of Guilan province were located in a very good and good range for the sustainable development of tourism destinations, prioritizing and directing operational resources accordingly.

The statistics of the World Tourism Organization show that tourism as an important economic sector is growing rapidly and has significant effects on individual and social development as well as the economic value hidden in the perspective of income and job development. Health tourism is one of the most important market segments of the tourism industry and is growing rapidly all over the world. In this regard, in the present research, the factors affecting the development of health tourism will be investigated with an emphasis on green marketing in Zanjan city. The current research is applied in terms of type and descriptive-analytical in nature. Qualitative data has been collected and analyzed using the interview tool and content analysis method with the foundation's data theory approach and using the opinions of elites, experts and activists of the tourism sector of Zanjan province and using the snowball sampling method. The research statistics include three groups of hotel managers (11 people), tour guides (27 people) and tourists (380 samples). Data analysis was done using descriptive and inferential statistics (one-sample t-test). The findings related to the market and marketing of tourism in Zanjan province show the unfavorable situation of this vital element in the tourism development of the province, and the results show that the tourism products of the province do not have the proper and favorable marketing power to attract tourists at the level of the capabilities of Zanjan province due to many reasons. One of the key criteria in the marketing of tourism products of the province is the financial criterion, as well as the brand reputation and its measurement is an effective component in evaluating the marketing performance in the tourism industry. In order to analyze and check the desirability of mixed marketing indicators, a sample T-Tech test has been used, based on this, the results of this test show that the lowest numerical average is related to the product index with an average of 2.30 and the evidence and physical facilities index with an average of 2.30 and the highest average is related to The price index has an average of 2.62 and the people and employees have an average of 2.54. Also, the numerical average of marketing is equal to 2.43.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of responsible tourism components in the development of sustainable tourism in the coastal city of Bahnmir. The research method in this research is documentary and descriptive-analytical. In the first stage, it studies and explains the components of tourism responsibly. The method of collecting research data in relation to the theoretical foundations of research, recognition and analysis of documentary and library data and in relation to the study of the sample is field studies. A questionnaire was used to collect field information. The statistical population was distributed to 50 people in the form of snowballs and targeted. IPA technique has been used to analyze the data and measure the importance and performance of the indicators. The results of the research showed that the mean values ​​and performance of all responsible tourism indicators are negative values; This means that the current performance of these indicators in relation to sustainable tourism in the coastal city of Bahnmir is not favorable and they have a significant gap with their importance. Therefore, in order to achieve sustainability in coastal tourism in Bahnmir, it is necessary to pay attention to the components of responsible tourism.

The owners of ecolodges as the main caretakers of tourism have a lot of responsibilities in business and providing services in accordance with environmental standards to tourists. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the environmental responsibility of the owners of rural ecosystems. Therefore, the statistical population of the present study is 27 owners of ecolodges in Khorasan Razavi province. Based on the results of the two-sample t -tests, it was found that the villagers had more attention than the tourists. According to the correlation test, there was a significant relationship between environmental responsibility and employment (direct, indirect, local and non-local), income, number of tourists, and degree of residence. This means that the more employment created and the higher the income, the more homeowners will feel more responsible. Finally, linear regression test revealed that the variables of age, education and income level of the eco-dwellers had an impact on their environmental responsibility.

Responsible tourism is a type of tourism that aims to create good tourism opportunities through optimal use of holidays, improved quality of life for residents, socio-economic benefits and the protection of natural resources. This concept has emerged, having identified its importance to create and enhance business opportunities in the tourism sector. This article focuses on the attitudes of consumers of tourism products towards sustainable tourism in Three tourist destinations of northern Iran (Babolsar, Lahijan and Sareyn(. First, the typology of all types of tourists was carried out using Cohen's institutional model and its adaptations for Iran and tourists have been divided into three institutional, semi-institutional and non-institutional groups. Then, their level of responsibility in daily consumption, towards the community and the environment was evaluated. A sample of 386 people was selected using the Cochran formula. For data analysis, factor analysis and ANOVA testing were used. The results of the research show that, Institutional tourists, have the greatest sense of responsibility towards local communities and the environment. The semi-institutional group, is below 3. And the third group, non-institutional tourists, has little respect for the rights of local communities and the environment.