satisfaction

Parks and public green spaces are part of the ecological fabric of cities to the extent that the environmental life and sustainability of cities depend on them. This study aims to assess the level of satisfaction of women with women's parks. For this purpose, Pardis Women's Park and Shahed Women's Park in Kermanshah were selected. The better design of green space in women's parks leads to attendance, promotion of social interactions, reduction of depression, and ultimately their satisfaction with this space. The aim of the present study is to assess the level of satisfaction of citizens with the quality of urban parks in Kermanshah.

The effective components in their satisfaction were identified and a researcher-made questionnaire was developed from the review of texts, related studies, and expert opinions. It was designed with the approval of relevant experts in the form of a Likert scale (five options) and completed by 400 women from Pardis Women's Park and Shahed Women's Park in Kermanshah. The data were analyzed using Spss software. The statistical population of this study includes all women visiting Pardis and Shahed Parks during the period from June to January 1403.

The effective components of green space in urban women's parks were introduced in the form of 23 components, with the average satisfaction level of women in Pardis Women's Park being 3.43 and Shahed Women's Park being 3.07, meaning that women's satisfaction level with Pardis Women's Park is higher than Shahed Women's Park. The frequency distribution of interests of the studied individuals showed that 30.0 percent of women were interested in green space and 24.5 percent of women were interested in sports.

23 components were examined in this study, which should be significantly prioritized in the optimal design of green space in urban parks to increase their satisfaction.

In order to create a healthy society for further development, resorts and tourist areas must be created, developed and maintained to meet the ever-increasing demands of the people. On Ibn Ali in Tabriz is one of the main tourist areas of Tabriz city. The purpose of this research is to identify and evaluate the factors affecting the satisfaction of foreign tourists of this resort.

The statistical population of the study consisted of non-local tourists who visited the Aoun Bin Ali resort. The non-random sample size was calculated using Cochran formula of 380 people and finally the collected data was analyzed using SPSS 25.

Based on the factor analysis, the independent variables were classified into four factors (social supervision, safety of the promenade, legibility of (path, quality of access) and the dependent variable was classified into three factors (picnic facilities, quality of furniture and sports facilities of the promenade). The result of the regression analysis also showed that the factors of resort security and quality of access could significantly predict the satisfaction of 40% of tourists with the resort, with quality of access having the largest influence (0.50) on the level of satisfaction. The results of analyzing the age status of tourists in On Ibn Ali resort showed that most tourists are young respondents. Therefore, the plans should be more tailored to the tourism needs of this age group and the tastes of these people, as well as to the environmental strength and potential of the tourism area, since in each age group the individual and social characteristics of a person are different and express particular leisure needs. There are obvious differences between the leisure needs of young and older people Understanding the factors that influence foreign tourist satisfaction provides designers and resort managers with useful information for planning new resorts.

Considering the importance of urban green spaces in increasing the city livability and competitiveness and their role in the citizens' recreation and leisure time, it is necessary to have a precise understanding of the components affecting the satisfaction of citizens. Accordingly, the aim of the present study is to explain the citizens' satisfaction from the urban green spaces in zone 6 of Tabriz metropolis. The research method is a descriptive-analytical method and it is also practical research. The statistical population includes 30 parks in the zone 6 of the Tabriz Metropolitan Municipality, of which 12 parks were purposefully selected as a sample size. The data were collected through documentary and field methods. In order to determine the level of citizens' satisfaction from the green spaces, 320 a researcher-made questionnaires were provided to the park visitors. The results of the regression test show that the service quality index has the highest impact and the safety and security index had the least impact on the satisfaction of the subjects. The average overall satisfaction with the urban green spaces of the zone 6 of the Tabriz Metropolitan Municipality was 3.25 and considering the average distance between the obtained and the standard average and from the subjects' view, these parks are in an average level in terms of the studied indicators. However, the dynamism (cultural, artistic, recreational and sports attractions) and empathy indexes of urban green spaces in zone 6 of Tabriz Metropolitan Municipality enjoyed from a satisfaction higher than the average

The main goal of urban planning is to improve the quality of life and create a calm and attractive environment for citizens, and urban furniture plays an important role in the attractiveness of these spaces. Also, complying with urban furniture standards improves and increases the efficiency of these elements, brings more sustainability of urban furniture and improves user satisfaction. These days, the role of urban furniture in providing services to citizens is very important, and urban affairs officials, seeking to preserve the identity and beauty of the city, in addition to providing services, consider this issue as an important priority. This research has been carried out with the aim of investigating the role of urban furniture in improving the quality of the urban environment and the satisfaction of the citizens of Shirvan city, which is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of method. Data collection was done by document method and field survey with a sample size of 293 people in Shirvan city. Data analysis has been done using Chi-square and Kruskal statistical test and 95% confidence in spss software.The results of the research indicate that according to the respondents, the quality of the urban environment and urban furniture are not in a favorable and suitable condition and the satisfaction is low and the elements of urban furniture play an important role in creating functional environments and quality urban spaces, urban environment and the satisfaction of the citizens, the citizens are not satisfied with the lighting of the residence, decorative signs and advertising billboards, the entrances of the city, and the satisfaction is low.

The public transportation network is a set of people, facilities and infrastructure equipment whose ultimate goal is to move passengers en masse in cities; Therefore, increasing the quality of the public transport fleet helps to improve the traffic situation and reduce pollution in the cities, and provides more vitality and freshness to the citizens and cities. The aim of the current research is to investigate the level of satisfaction of citizens with the intra-city transportation network in Ardabil city. The current research is included in the qualitative research group. The data collection tool in the qualitative part is the semi-structured in-depth interview technique and in the quantitative part, it includes a researcher-made questionnaire consisting of four questions: facilities and services, transportation speed, behavior and treatment of drivers, and suggestions. ATLAS ti software and coding method were used for data analysis.In this regard, 26 citizens of Ardabil were interviewed and each interview lasted from 20 to 50 minutes. The findings of the data processing of the research showed that in the department of facilities and services, wear and tear of the transport fleet and unsuitable seats, in the department of transport speed, the slowness of movement and the time it takes to reach the destination, and in the department of drivers' behavior, compliance with the rules of guidance are the most important indicators. They make up the bus system in Ardabil city. Also, the analysis of the findings from the interviews with the citizens showed that the replacement of worn-out buses and the increase of special bus routes are the most important suggestions to improve the performance of the bus system in Ardabil city

Advanced public transportation is one of the indicators of development in today's modern planning field, even though it can be called as an urban network; Therefore, the purpose of this research is to measure the level of satisfaction of citizens with the intra-city public transportation network in Ardabil city. The current research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical and survey in terms of nature. The statistical population of this research includes 27 bus stations in the five regions of Ardabil city. The sample size in the studied community was 400 passengers who were randomly selected on the way and inside the bus during the early hours of the morning, afternoon and evening.For the final evaluation and analysis of the data, T-test statistical tests were used in the SPSS software environment, and structural equation modeling was used in the AMOS software environment to explain and model the effects. The studied ranges are with the averages of 2.17, 2.4, 2.29 and 2.26, respectively, which are below the average level of quality, and also the analysis of the findings resulting from structural equation modeling shows that the Rmsea factor load value is equal to (0.69) which indicates the proper fit of the research model.Also, the results of the analysis of the second-order factor model showed that the dimension of satisfaction with transportation speed has the highest factor load with a weight of (0.93) and then each of the dimensions of satisfaction with the behavior and treatment of drivers and satisfaction with facilities and services. Shared bus system has a factor load (0.93) and finally, the lowest factor load belongs to the dimension of satisfaction with the development of public transportation with a factor weight (0.80)

Cities are among the important tourist destinations, attracting tourists from nearby regions every year. In addition to tourist attractions, facilities, equipment, and service facilities are essential factors in developing the tourism industry. Hamedan is considered one of the most important tourist destinations in the country due to its thousands of years of history and various tourist attractions. For this reason, this research investigates the mediating role of tourists' experiences in the influence of tourist destinations' infrastructures on the behavioral tendencies of tourists in Hamadan city. SPSS 24 and Smart PLS 2 software were used to analyze the research data. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to measure the relationship between the indicators of the designed model and the main components of the model. The results of intellectual factor load coefficient (0.88), word of mouth (0.87), desire to visit again (0.86), hard infrastructure (0.86), sensory (0.84), educational (82. 0), emotional (0.81), and soft infrastructure (0.71) were calculated; all of which are higher than the minimum figure (0.4), and indicate the appropriate explanation of the underlying variables by the dimensions and indicators used. Obtaining coefficients of determination (0.435) and (0.709) by the variables of tourists' experiences and behavioral tendencies shows the strong prediction of the endogenous variables by the exogenous variables of the model. In fact, tourists' behavioral tendencies result from the evaluation of city services, facilities, and equipment, and this feeling of satisfaction is formed from the tourist's overall perception of comfort, health, and safety facilities.

In order to attract more tourists and travel again to Bandar Abbasbeach, the present quantitative research, conducted by a descriptive-analytic method, aims to assess the satisfaction of tourists with the facilities and services provided to them andidentify the most important problems in tourism development in Bandar Abbasbeach, as well as determine the most significant strategies for the tourism development in this area from tourists’perspectives. The research statistical population consisted of all tourists of Bandar Abbasbeach. Using Cochran formula, 384 participants were considered as a statistical sample and they were randomly questioned. The research results showed that although more than 50% of tourists held university education, more than 40% of them had a five-day stay in mind, the their degree ofsatisfaction with facilities and services provided for them was 2.817 which is below the moderate level.The research results regarding the most important challenges to the facilities and services offered to tourists in the study area showed that 5 identified basic challenges could explain 71.78% of variance of the research dependent variable. The identified challenges are the following: Welfare infrastructure services (17.45), health (16.51), management supervision (16.16), security (12.88), and legal services (8.71). Moreover,

The need to address the issue of the quality of urban life in these areas becomes more apparent when the residents of informal settlements are considered to be among the most vulnerable sections of an urban society, and paying attention to the urban and biological needs, Providing the minimum needs and enjoying citizenship rights are among the necessities of life for them. The most important goal of this research is to evaluate the indicators of the quality of urban life in the informal settlements of Tabriz city in Ahmedabad neighborhood. Based on this, the research seeks to find answers to two basic questions; First, which of the dimensions of satisfaction with the quality of urban life among the residents of Tabriz's Ahmadabad neighborhood have a better situation? And then which of the indicators of satisfaction with the quality of urban life in Ahmadabad neighborhood of Tabriz is at a better level?

The current research is applied and descriptive-analytical. The variables of the research have been identified with the use of library studies, and in order to reach the research questions and test the hypotheses, the information was collected through a field study and through a questionnaire. The validity and reliability of the research was also checked. The validity of the questionnaire was obtained by a formal method and the reliability was also checked using Cronbach's alpha, the coefficient of which was 0.863 for the entire questionnaire. The statistical population of the research was the residents of Ahmadabad neighborhood of Tabriz, which were estimated to be 11165 people based on the statistical blocks of Tabriz metropolis in 2015. Using Cochran's formula, the sample size of 371 people was calculated with an error level of 5%. To achieve the main goal of the research based on measuring and evaluating the quality of urban life and satisfaction with it among the residents of informal settlements in the north of Tabriz metropolis (case study: Ahmadabad neighborhood) Friedman, Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests used. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was also used to measure the normality of the data. In order to prioritize the dimensions and indicators of satisfaction with the quality of urban life among the residents of informal settlements in Ahmadabad neighborhood of Tabriz, Friedman's test was used and to investigate the difference in the general characteristics of the residents and satisfaction with the quality-of-life Shahri's Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis statistical tests were used.

In order to prioritize dimensions and indicators of satisfaction with the quality of urban life among the residents of informal settlements in Ahmadabad neighborhood of Tabriz, Friedman's test was used. There is a significant difference between the average ratings of dimensions and indicators of satisfaction with the quality of urban life of the residents of Ahmedabad neighborhood. There is no significant difference between the gender of the residents and their satisfaction with the quality of urban life in the informal settlements of Ahmadabad neighborhood of Tabriz. There is a significant difference between the marital status of the residents and their satisfaction with the quality of urban life in the informal settlements of Ahmadabad neighborhood of Tabriz. Kruskal-Walli’s test was used to determine whether there is a significant difference between the age, education status and duration of residence of the residents of informal settlements and their level of satisfaction with the quality of urban life. Regarding the age and educational status of the residents, it can be said that there is a significant difference between the age and educational status of the residents and their satisfaction with the quality of urban life. However, there is no significant relationship between the length of residence and the job status of the residents in Ahmadabad neighborhood of Tabriz with their satisfaction with the quality of urban life. Because the significance level is greater than 0.05.

This research aimed to investigate the satisfaction of the residents of the informal settlement of Ahmedabad, Tabriz with the quality of urban life. According to the results, it was concluded that among the dimensions of satisfaction with the quality of urban life among the residents of informal settlements in Ahmadabad neighborhood of Tabriz, the economic dimension is more important, followed by the physical dimension (3.11) in the second rank. , the social dimension (3.09) is in the third rank, the welfare dimension (2.82) is in the fourth rank, and finally the health dimension (2.50) is in the last rank. Therefore, the economic dimension is in the first rank in terms of importance in comparison with other dimensions of satisfaction with the quality of urban life for the residents. Among the indicators of satisfaction with the quality of urban life in Ahmedabad neighborhood, the monthly income index of the head of the household ranks first with an average rank of (9.48) and this shows that this index is more important for the residents. In the examination of the difference in general characteristics based on the results, there is no significant relationship between the gender of the residents, their employment status and the duration of their residence in the informal settlements of Ahmadabad neighborhood of Tabriz with satisfaction with the quality of urban life. To put it better, the level of satisfaction of the residents with the quality of urban life in different gender groups, different job statuses and different time periods they lived in the target neighborhood was almost the same. But while there is a significant difference between the age of the residents, their educational status and their marital status with the level of satisfaction with the quality of urban life in Ahmedabad neighborhood. To put it better, people in the age groups below 45 years compared to people in the age groups above 45 years, people with university degrees from higher institutions (bachelor's, master's and higher) compared to people with diploma degrees and Graduates and finally married people have more satisfaction with the quality of urban life compared to single people.

In the past, the boundaries of an urban neighborhood were determined by ethnic, racial, class, and group differences, as well as natural divisions and geomorphological differences (such as the presence of a river, waterway, etc.). Each neighborhood in a city has its own cultural identity, and when hearing the name of a neighborhood, the characteristics of its residents, in terms of occupation, wealth, and prevailing temperament, would immediately come to mind. However, in contemporary cities with the population explosion of the past century, which disrupted the old traditional living systems, the concept of neighborhood has undergone a change, and new interpretations have taken its place. Unlike the past, when neighborhoods were formed based on ethnic, racial, religious, and other shared characteristics, modern neighborhoods are often shaped by economic factors and occupational similarities (e.g., government employee neighborhoods). This leads to a diversity of opinions and tastes within these neighborhoods, resulting in a lack of consensus among residents. This research, conducted using a combination of documentary and field methods, involved distributing 380 questionnaires to residents of Neighborhood 49 in Zahedan. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS software and regression analysis. Although 61% of residents expressed satisfaction with living in the neighborhood, numerous problems were identified, including a shortage of trash cans and littering, poor road conditions, and dilapidated land used as garbage dumps. The most significant demand among residents was for increased green spaces, followed by a lack of recreational and sports facilities, inadequate sidewalks, and the absence of a proper sewage system.

The lack of proper planning for housing aimed at low-income and vulnerable urban populations, coupled with the unchecked involvement of profit-driven actors in the housing sector, has created an urgent need for more effective housing strategies. One critical aspect of urban management is ensuring the satisfaction of residents in housing complexes. This study aims to evaluate residents’ satisfaction with national housing projects using neighborhood-based planning indicators, focusing on physical, economic, environmental, and welfare dimensions. The objective is to assess how these indicators can enhance the efficiency of National Housing Movement sites in Sanandaj. The research adopts a descriptive-analytical approach.

Currently house is not considered only a shelter. It embraces physical place, residential environment, and all services and necessity facilities for having a good life. The stability of houses is very important. There are many similarities between housing and its stability and it is clear that most par of planning is done for solving the problems of low-income groups of society including Iran. For solving housing problems of low-income groups in Iran, various policies have been implemented to increase their financial ability. Mehr Housing is one of the new patterns that the Iranian governments have proposed and executed for low-income groups. It seems that this policy means that economical aspects has been more emphasized by the governments than in-separated part or sustainable aspect. Ardabil city is not an exception to this rule. Considering the issue, the current study tried to investigate the low-income groups’ condition and evaluate housing stability and then rank and categorize various regions of the city.

Current study is applied in terms of the aim. It used analytical-descriptive method to achieve the purposes it sought. Statistical population of this study included all of citizens of Ardabil. The sample size was determined to be 385 persons. Sampling was done using classified random method (considering the population of every region) from the mentioned population. Data collection was done using library sources. Moreover, field method was used for studying the background and identifying the variables. It should be mentioned that the study instrument was a researcher-based questionnaire. The reliability was confirmed by experts. The coefficient was 0.896, measured through Cronbach alpha. The number shows that the questionnaire recorded a high confidence level. To analysis the data, different methods were used. To see satisfaction with the houses, single- t-test was used in SPSS Software. KOPRAS model was used for ranking urban regions using Excel software. Moreover, Arc GIS Software was used to produce maps. In order to study variables priority or their weights, entropy model was used in Excel software and for determining the level of urban regions, cluster analysis was applied in SPSS Software.

One of the main aims of the current study was investigating people’s satisfaction with houses that people could effort. For achieving the goal, single t-test was used. Results showed that except for economic, physical, and security criteria, other criteria that were measured for Ardabil city recorded middle or high levels. Generally speaking, Ardabil city ranked middle position (3.08) regarding the satisfaction of citizens with affordable houses.
Another aim of this study was measuring the satisfaction with affordable houses in 5 regions of Ardabil city. The results showed that accessibility to urban services, sense of belonging, neighbor relations, security, and ecological issues are in better situations in Region 1 than in other regions. Regarding the physical and economical dimensions, Regions 3 of Ardabil has a good condition. Since all criteria are not of equal significance, more accurate evaluation was needed to determine relative weights. So, entropy method was used for the seven criteria of this study. Entropy method output showed that the indices of satisfaction with affordable houses had different weights. Accessibility to urban services recorded the highest level (0.184), the value for physical issues recorded to be 0.158, the value for economic index was 0.153, for security was 0.144, for neighbor relations was 0.141, for sense of belonging was 0.114, and for ecological dimension was 0.106.
After measuring the weights, ranking urban regions was started. KOPRAS model was used for satisfaction with affordable houses in different regions of Ardabil. The results showed that the highest amount of satisfaction with affordable houses in Ardabil city regarding seven criteria belonged to region 1 and the lowest amount belonged to region 5. Analytical method was used for ranking different regions of Ardabil city regarding the stability of the houses. It became clear that the five regions of Ardabil were determined to be middle satisfaction cluster (Region 1), low satisfaction (Regions 2 and 3), and very low satisfaction (Regions 4 and 5).

Generally, the results showed that residents’ satisfaction with the affordable houses of Ardabil city is at a middle level. The results have to do with the low level of satisfaction with economical dimension and high level of satisfaction with ecological dimension and accessibility to urban services. Another conclusion of this study is that the satisfaction with affordable houses differs from a region to another. Satisfaction is relative as it can be different from one region to another region (due to place differences). It is evident that regions embracing residential places located in the old texture of the city have a better condition rather than other regions in terms of satisfaction due to access to urban and economical services and culture textures. Region 1 of Ardabil (located in the central part of the city) is more satisfying than other regions due to proper access to urban services and as the native people of the city live in the region (security criteria). People of other regions are less satisfied with their places due to weak accessibility to urban services and as many immigrants have moved to their regions.

 Khorramabad, as the capital of Lorestan province, has been facing unplanned development and population growth without considering the fundamental components of urban sustainability. It encounters various challenges in different dimensions of urban life (physical, economic, social, and environmental) that have led to dissatisfaction among some citizens. This research aims to assess the level of citizen satisfaction with the urban sustainability status in Khorramabad. The study investigates urban Livability in terms of economic, cultural, physical-environmental, health, transportation, educational, and service indicators from the perspective of citizens and their satisfaction levels. To evaluate the satisfaction of Khorramabad residents with Livability indicators, a single-sample t-test was employed. The research findings indicate that the average opinions of respondents regarding satisfaction with indicators (social, economic, cultural, physical-environmental, health, transportation, educational, and service) in Khorramabad are lower than the average level. Furthermore, based on the significance levels estimated, it is claimed that the satisfaction of Khorramabad residents with these indicators is below average.

Municipality is one of the necessities of the social system, which is necessarily represented by a structure that is possible only through the intervention of the people. Also, the performance of the municipality, as one of the institutions and perhaps the most important institution in the structure of urban management, has an essential role in citizens' quality of life. In order to measure the performance of the municipality, two major methods, objective and subjective, can be used. In the objective method, the municipality's performance is compared with a series of criteria and standards to determine how close its performance is to the standards, but in the subjective method. It investigates to what extent people are satisfied with the quality of urban services and performance as recipients of services and beneficiaries of plans and programs. Performance evaluation and management is one of the special topics of strategic human resource management and is considered a suitable tool for improving the performance of employees and organizations. Comprehensive and sustainable management of the city will be implemented when the citizens are satisfied with the performance of the municipal organization because citizens' satisfaction with the performance of organizations plays an essential role in improving urban management and increasing the efficiency of urban management. Ardebil city is a metropolis with rural and nomadic roots. It faces challenges in urban life, and we see citizens arguing about the lack of satisfaction with the performance of the municipal organization in providing social, technical, and civil services at the city level. Therefore, according to the statement of the problem, the most important question raised by this research:-How satisfied are the citizens with the performance of the Municipality of Ardabil Region 4?According to the question, the most important hypothesis is that it seems that the citizens of Ardabil are not satisfied with the performance of the municipality's duties in various civil-technical, service, and socio-cultural departments of the municipality.

The research method is descriptive-analytical, and field sampling (survey) has been used to collect the required information. Based on this method, questionnaires were prepared and completed in the target community (citizens living in Region 4 of Ardabil Municipality). In order to measure the reliability of the questionnaire, Cronbach's alpha method was used so that the calculated Cronbach's alpha was equal to 0.82. In this way, it can be said that the distributed questionnaire has high reliability. In addition, the methods of studying documents, books, and sources related to the research topic have been used. The statistical population of the research consists of all the residents of Region 4 of Ardabil municipality, equal to 237,292 people (according to the population and housing census of 2015).The sample size was estimated to be 384 people based on Cochran's formula, and to increase the confidence factor, the sample size was considered to be 400 people. The sampling used in this research is cluster sampling combined with simple random. The way of distributing the questionnaire was that a certain number of alleys were randomly selected in each neighborhood, and then the questionnaires were completed by the alley's residents. In order to analyze the collected data, descriptive-analytical and inferential statistical methods were used. Based on this method, the data collected in frequency distribution and statistical parameters were analyzed and then analyzed using statistical methods of Kendall correlation, Kruskal Wallis, and t-test in SPSS software.

Based on the data collected from the total sample of 420 people, 65% of the respondents are men, and 35% are women. In terms of education level, 42.7% have a university education, 35% have a diploma education, and 22.3% have a school or sub-diploma education. According to these general and detailed indicators, the importance of each of the services provided by the municipality was questioned. Therefore, the Kruskal Wallis test was used to test the hypothesis (the citizens of Ardabil city are not satisfied with the performance of municipal duties in various civil-technical, service, and socio-cultural departments of the municipality) and the importance of each of the municipal duties. According to the obtained results related to the service activities of the municipalities, the activity of timely garbage collection and handling and cleaning of the green space is the most important from the citizens' point of view. According to the municipality's duties in civil and technical activities, the construction and reconstruction of parks are the most important, such as asphalting roads and streets, making predictions, and protecting the region from accidents and natural disasters. They are in the following ranks. Based on the duties and activities that municipalities perform in cultural and social fields, from the citizens' point of view, holding various recreational programs (such as the Nishat system) is the most important, which shows that citizens are changing the structure of municipality only as an organization providing urban services. The results indicate that the level of satisfaction of the citizens with the quality of services and the way of informing the municipality is lower than the limit, but the level of satisfaction with the treatment of officials and employees is average.

The general results indicate a significant difference between the civil-technical, service, and socio-cultural duties of municipalities from the point of view of the citizens of the study area in terms of their importance, so the service duties of the municipality are the most important. This is because citizens are involved with these services daily, and the deficiency of each of them, such as garbage collection, makes their lives difficult. Socio-cultural duties are placed in the next rank, which shows that the citizens do not expect the city management and municipality only to deal with the civil, physical, and service situation but also to provide the basis for social life, citizen relations, and organizing affairs; they require the creation of public spaces and spending leisure time, etc. According to the results, which shows the greatest dissatisfaction of the citizens in the service sector, it is suggested that the responsibility of urban affairs, including the mayors of different areas of Ardabil and the city council, monitor more in this field, both in terms of quantity and quality of services such as Hama. Regarding the socio-cultural duties of the citizens, who did not expect much from the municipality, but since one of the municipality's duties is to meet these needs, it is suggested that the municipality take pragmatic steps in providing leisure facilities, including the development of recreational centers, holding art festivals, etc. In general, to overcome this problem, it is suggested that the municipality take appropriate and coordinated executive measures or city councils, including equipping the mechanized facilities of urban services in the technical, emergency, and general sectors in order to satisfy the citizens in all dimensions for all groups of citizens provide housing for every age, gender, and texture.

The hotel industry is a service industry that is very important for creating competitive advantage, customer satisfaction, and loyalty. Satisfaction is the evaluation after a customer buys a product or service. A key motivation for placing more emphasis on customer satisfaction is that greater customer satisfaction leads to a stronger competitive advantage resulting in greater profits and market share, lower business costs, lower failure costs and new customer acquisition. Customer satisfaction is generally assumed to be an important factor for repeat purchases, positive word of mouth, and customer loyalty. It is natural for the hotel industry to invest considerable resources to satisfy their customers. Since customer satisfaction is a critical barometer for evaluating hotel performance, a deep understanding of the factors that contribute to satisfied and dissatisfied customers is crucial for hotel management. The contact between customers and employees can create positive or negative effects that may make or break the business. The productivity of employees depends on managers and those who motivate them to produce quality service. One of the biggest modern management challenges in the service industry is customer satisfaction and retention. Service quality and customer satisfaction are critical factors in creating differentiation and retaining customers; with the challenges among service industries, the importance of customer satisfaction and customer loyalty increases daily. In this regard, the present study aims to analyze the factors affecting the satisfaction of tourists in providing tourism services and has examined consumption excitement as an essential and influential key factor affecting tourist satisfaction.

In terms of purpose, this research is functional and based on data collection, a descriptive survey. The study's statistical population included all domestic tourists who visited Semnan city. Due to a lack of access to detailed statistics of tourists entering Semnan during the research, 205 domestic tourists were selected by the available sampling method of the returned questionnaires; about 189 questionnaires were used. Also, the questionnaire was used to collect data, and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to analyze data.

 The results of the data analysis show that the customer satisfaction index model has a stronger effect on customer satisfaction by adding the excitement factor to the previous model. In this research, the only meaningful relationship between quality of service and customer satisfaction was not directly confirmed; this could be due to the difference in the studied society as well as the economic and cultural conditions governing the community. Tourist satisfaction has a positive and significant effect on loyalty, and the more tourists are satisfied, the less complaining their behavior will be. In other words, there is a negative relationship between customer satisfaction and tourists' complaining behavior. The more tourists are satisfied and the less they complain, the more they will be able to introduce the hotel where they stayed to their friends and acquaintances; In other words, word-of-mouth advertising leads to positive. Here, managers are encouraged to design a system that addresses customer and tourist complaints that the system addresses customer feedback and complaints so that they understand that hotel managers care about them. Complaints and criticisms increase tourists' satisfaction, ultimately, their loyalty. Hotel managers can use the model of customer satisfaction index in hotels instead of the overall customer satisfaction index to get a more accurate estimate of the level of customer satisfaction, get more information about repeat purchases, and create a competitive advantage. Also, Tourism is a major issue in the economic, social, and culture of all countries, and expanding it can draw a path to increase country revenues and reduce dependence on oil revenues, thereby providing an optimal path for achieving sustainable development and comprehensive. On the other hand, positive emotions have a greater effect on customer satisfaction than negative emotions. Despite this discussion, we can clearly see that many sources related to the relationship between customer satisfaction and consumer sentiment have shown that both positive and negative emotions have a very positive/negative effect on customer satisfaction. In addition, in in-service institutions, it is now widely accepted that emotion is one of the main factors in customer satisfaction. A literature review identifies consumer feelings as a prerequisite for customer satisfaction. Given the above, it is expected that the excitement of consumption, which is the result of the frontline staff's proper treatment of hotel tourists and the provision of quality services, will lead to a positive feeling in tourists or hotel customers and satisfy tourists from hotel service providers. The findings of this study and model retesting are consistent with studies conducted in this area; however, one of the hypotheses presented in this study is that the direct relationship between service quality and customer satisfaction has not been confirmed, and this factor is indirectly due to the role of consumer emotions. Perceptual value has led to greater satisfaction of tourists. It has been provided by providing services. This disapproval of the direct relationship could depend on the country's economic situation and other issues, which are mentioned in the next section.

 Hotels are a segment of the hospitality industry that must adhere to their goal to fulfill customer needs and wants. It is inevitable for hotels, whose quality of products and service is highly dependent on the interaction between customers and their employees, to satisfy all customers. Service failure may occur, which makes customers angry and dissatisfied. Dissatisfied customers have various means to channel their complaints, while some take action privately. Dissatisfied customers may not complain directly to hotels because they probably feel uncomfortable due to the physical presence of service providers or management. The findings of the study specify that it is important for management in hotels to listen to customer concerns and take customer complaints seriously. Although their actions were done privately, they might have tremendous consequences on the restaurant’s bottom line.

Health tourism as an economic development strategy in countries where medical tourists spend more than others to improve their health has increased the income and gross national product. In this regard, Kashan city, with its numerous medical centers with international licenses, has a high potential in developing medical tourism at the national and regional levels. Therefore, the present study has structural analyzed the feedback of health tourists regarding the behavior of medical centers in order to evaluate the obstacles of medical tourism in the hospitals of Kashan city.

This research is an appelied study in terms of practical purpose and is a survey and analytical study in terms of method and type. The data collection tool is a researcher-made questionnaire with 5 indicators and 61 variables, which was completed by 308 medical tourists in Kashan medical centers after confirming validity and reliability with Cronbach's alpha 0.807. Data analysis was done through t-test, Tukey's and structural equation modeling.

Results showed that the usage of famous doctors with a t-statistic of 106.59 is the best factor in the reason for choosing a medical center. The variable of disease diagnosis and therapy methods with a t-statistic of 84.50 is the best factor in the satisfaction from services, and the variable of patient companions' access to comfort facilities with a t-statistic of 119.26 is the best factor in the satisfaction from facilities. The variable of reaching the health center through land routes with a t-statistic of 36.38 is the best factor in the access to hospital. Also, the indicators of the reasons for choosing center, satisfaction from services and awareness methods have the highest effect with factor loadings of 0.99, 0.94 and 0.7, respectively. In return, indicators of satisfaction from facilities and access methods have the lowest effect with factor loadings of 0.24 and 0.34 respectively.

As a result, it indicates that the presence of experienced doctors with a brilliant treatment record plays a positive role in attracting medical tourists. Also, it can be stated that the comfort facilities of medical centers can play a role in their acceptability from the view point of health tourists as much as medical services. Therefore, for the development of medical tourism in Kashan city, strengthening the facilities of health tourism and transportation infrastructures in the region is the first priority of planning to remove obstacles.

 This research aims to investigate the spatial distribution of public services and measure the level of satisfaction of residents with the quality of access to them in Torbat Heydarieh.

Method and data: 

This research was done using a descriptive-analytical method. The statistical population of the legal area of Tarbiat Heydarieh and the samples were selected using stratified probability sampling. The required data was collected using library and field methods. The collected data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical methods.

 The spatial analysis of the distribution and dispersion of public services based on Moran's index shows that educational services and green spaces are irregular and clustered, health and treatment services are regular, and administrative and commercial uses are scattered. The results of the mean comparison test showed that the overall level of satisfaction of the residents with the quality of public services is greater than the average. The correlation coefficient results between the variable of income level and satisfaction with access to services show a significant positive correlation between the two variables.

 The findings of this research underscore the importance of fair distribution of public services in enhancing the quality of life and residential satisfaction of the residents. Planning for equitable distribution, proportional to the number and density of the population in different areas of the city, with a special focus on the underserved areas, is of paramount importance for urban planners and policymakers.

Innovation: 

This research stands out from similar studies due to its comprehensive approach. In addition to measuring the level of satisfaction of residents by different neighborhoods and the type of services, it also measures and analyzes satisfaction based on income groups. This unique aspect provides a more nuanced understanding of the relationship between public service access and satisfaction, contributing to a more holistic approach to urban planning.

This study was conducted to evaluate the service quality of Shorabil Tourism using SERVQUAL method as a tool for measuring service quality and identifying and analyzing the gap between expectations and perceptions of service recipients. The gap between expectations and services perceived by visitors to Shorabil Tourism Parks in each of the five dimensions (tangible, accountability, reliability, reassurance and empathy) of service quality has been addressed. In today's world, the issue of quality has challenged the management of organizations. Quality of service is an important factor for growth, success and sustainability of the organization and is on the management agenda as a strategic, effective and inclusive subject. The present research is based on the purpose of the applied research component and based on the nature and methodology of the descriptive research - It is analyzed. In terms of time, the present study is a cross-sectional one. Survey method was used to collect the research data. The statistical population of the study consisted of all visitors to Shorabil tourism parks. Cluster sampling method was used to select the representative sample of the statistical population.

The dilapidated fabric of Mashhad city, with all kinds of indiscriminate interventions in various plans, regardless of the satisfaction of the local people and contrary to the physical-cultural background of the fabric, is now facing numerous physical-cultural and social problems, causing the dissatisfaction of the main owners of the fabric, namely the people. It has been localized. The aim of the current research is Identifying the factors affecting the satisfaction of local people in the rehabilitation of the fabric surrounding Imam Reza's (AS) shrine with the approach of physical-cultural contextualism. For this purpose, a qualitative method based on the method of data theory based on the systematic approach of Strauss and Corbin has been used. In order to collect data, unstructured interviews and purposeful sampling were used. The participants included 30 experts, officials and local people. In order to reach the concepts, categories and classes, the data obtained from the Semi-structured interviews were analyzed based on open, central and selective coding and were analyzed using MAXQDA18 software. The research results showed that five components under the headings: cultural causes, security causes, physical causes, legal causes and environmental causes can be extracted as the main and influencing components, respectively, which we can consider as the causal conditions of tissue rehabilitation. Let's introduce the holy shrine of Imam Reza (AS). In addition to these components, there are intervention factors with the titles: public participation and legal approvals, as well as background factors with the titles: organizational factors and human factors, which have an effective role in increasing the satisfaction of the rehabilitation of the holy shrine of Razavi. The final results of this study prove that if the proposed strategies are implemented, the protection of Razavi's privacy, the strengthening of cultural identity, and ultimately social stability will not be far from reach, which will be the result of success in the implementation of urban renewal and development programs.