security

Factors and stimuli that influence convergence and divergence play a crucial role in determining the process and quality of national cohesion. These factors and stimuli are not synonymous; rather, they are interconnected and mutually influential variables. Understanding the impact of convergence and national cohesion on overall security is of utmost importance. This study aims to investigate and analyze the factors and stimuli that affect national convergence and cohesion in the southeastern region of the country. Similarly, this article seeks to address the fundamental question of the primary factors and stimuli that influence convergence and cohesion among the Baloch people in the southeast. The research findings indicate that various factors significantly impact the convergence and divergence of the Baloch people in the Sistan and Baluchestan province. These factors can be classified into two categories: internal and external stimuli. The study underscores the significance of factors such as mutual trust, decentralization, concentration of industries and decision-making centers, strengthening ethnic identity in alignment with national identity, the role of historical documents in promoting national cohesion, the cultural center of the Baloch people in southeastern Iran, common social customs, and the positive influence of ethnic and national elites. Additionally, the study recognizes the influence of regional political tensions, historical economic ties with neighboring countries, and the prevalence of border markets with Afghanistan and Pakistan as significant factors that shape convergence, divergence, and national cohesion among the Baloch people in the Sistan and Baluchestan province in the southeast of the country.

Prisons, as rehabilitation centers for offenders, play a crucial role in crime reduction. However, inadequate environmental design can contribute to increased criminal behaviors. Non-standard architecture, lack of effective supervision, and inappropriate spatial arrangements reduce prison security and promote unhealthy interactions among inmates. In contrast, proper environmental design through space segregation, eliminating blind spots, and controlling access significantly reduces crime. This study examines the impact of environmental design on reducing criminal opportunities in prisons.

This study employs a mixed-methods, sequential exploratory approach. In the quantitative phase, the statistical population included 200 male inmates aged 20 to 60 and 60 prison staff in Shahr-e Kord, selected through proportional sampling. Data collection was conducted using a validated questionnaire, whose reliability was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha. Data were analyzed using exploratory factor analysis. In the qualitative phase, semi-structured interviews were conducted with prison experts.

The results indicated that inadequate design, especially in cultural-educational spaces, visitation halls, sports facilities, and movement corridors, increases criminal opportunities. Excessive interaction among inmates with different criminal backgrounds, overcrowding, and non-standard architecture were identified as contributing factors to crime occurrence. Reducing contact between inmates with diverse criminal records, continuous supervision, and optimized environmental design were suggested as effective solutions.

Improving prison architecture, segregating spaces, enhancing supervision, and increasing rehabilitation facilities significantly reduce crime rates. These measures are essential for enhancing security and achieving the correctional and rehabilitative goals of prisons.

In a situation where increasing inactivity in society has become a challenge, planning physical activities in parks can help citizens' sports participation. Considering the importance of the issue, the factors affecting the use of city parks for physical activities by citizens of Golestani were investigated in this research. This research was done with a mixed approach. The statistical population of the research in the qualitative part was the experts on the subject of the research, 17 people participated in the interview process. In the quantitative part, 482 people who use city parks in Golestan province responded to the questionnaire. A semi-structured interview and a questionnaire were used to collect data. Data analysis was done in the qualitative and quantitative part by the process of coding and structural equation modeling, respectively. In order to be sure about the proper coding of the interviews, reliability between two coders was used and the reliability of the questionnaire was calculated at 0.77 in the quantitative part. The findings showed that the factors affecting citizens' use of parks for physical activities in 4 selected codes (infrastructural factors, environmental factors, managerial factors and cultural and social factors), 12 core codes (such as location, safety, access, security, strategic planning, support management and social development) and 76 open codes are placed. In the quantitative part, it was found that the structural model of the research has a good fit. It is suggested to pay attention to the sports needs of citizens and facilitate their presence in parks.

In political geography, establishing "security" is one of the main elements in maintaining sovereignty and exercising government power. This political concept is a determinant of the power of a government and a sign of the stability and strength of its sovereignty. Indeed, one of the tools of the governments' cross-border power is the security function of the spy system because the power, security, and interests of a government are not provided only within its borders but include a territory without borders. The key question of the present article is the importance and security function of the espionage system and its place in the continuity of Sultan Masoud Ghaznavi's government. This research has been done using a descriptive-analytical method and a qualitative method with reference to historical sources, especially the history of Beyhaqi. The results lead us to the influence of espionage in the foundations of the Ghaznavid government so that the continuation of political life and the increase in the security and power of Sultan Masoud Ghaznavi's government depended greatly on Monhian and his spies. Since Beyhaqi is aware of all the letters due to his proximity to power and his presence in the Court of Letters and recorded most of them in his history, it can be well understood that in many important government issues and country decisions, traces of secret agents and spies' letters are used to maintain security of internal and external borders of Sultan Masoud Ghaznavi's government territory.

Understanding the behavioral tendencies of tourists is crucial for marketers and tourism planners. Insights into how tourists perceive a destination at various journey stages can significantly aid in making informed decisions. This study examines the influence of satisfaction, destination image, regret over purchasing a travel package, and perceived tourist safety on destination loyalty in Shiraz. The research is applied in nature and employs a descriptive-survey method for data collection. The study's statistical population comprises international tourists visiting Shiraz during the first three months of 2021, with a sample size of 412 individuals selected through convenience sampling. Data were gathered via a questionnaire, and its validity was confirmed using convergent and discriminant validity, and reliability was verified through Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability. Structural equation modeling using LISREL software was applied to test the hypotheses, and Levene's test was employed for group comparisons. The findings reveal that satisfaction and destination image are significantly related to regret over the travel package. However, the relationship between tourist safety and regret was not supported. Tourist safety and regret were found to influence destination loyalty significantly. Moreover, regret over the travel package mediated destination image and loyalty but did not mediate the relationship between tourist safety and loyalty. The results of the ANCOVA test indicated that gender does not affect the level of regret experienced by international tourists

Increasing demand on the one hand, and decreasing resources for various reasons on the other hand, have doubled the importance of providing, managing, and optimally using freshwater resources in arid countries. Iran has experienced water shortages because of geographical reasons since ancient times, and today it is facing with water shortages due to human reasons and improper management of water resources. The increasing complexity of the water shortages hasled to the emergence of problems in recent years. All economic sectors of the country have been affected by the aforementioned problems, and agricultural activities are not as prosperous as they were in the past. From a social perspective, the spread of migration and dissatisfaction have been consequences of the intensification of water shortages.Security and access to water resources has been a topic of land management and geographic spatial organizing in Iran. Access to water resources has been the first reason for geographical dispersion of the population in Iran. This research which has focused on the water shortage in Iran, tries to explain the hydropolitical nature of the country's water resources and the transformation of the challenge of water shortages into a crisis.

This research with an inductive approach using the strategy of geographical and documentary studies is descriptive-analytic and data gathering procedure is based on library findings. Also, valid indicators have been used to measure the state of resources.

Factors influencing the emergence of challenges can be divided into two groups: natural and human factors. The obvious form of climate change in Iran is the change in the pattern of precipitation. Decrease in precipitation, change in precipitation patterns, change in intensity and duration of precipitation, irregularity in precipitation, and increase in temperature are the most important outputs of climate change in the country. According to the findings, the increase in temperature and the decrease in precipitation in the coming years will lead to a decrease in available fresh water resources.Annual total rainfall, surface and groundwater inflow and outflow to the country is 400.8 billion cubic meters. Of the total 100 percent of rainfall, 60 percent is lost through direct evaporation. Another 11 percent is lost through forests, pastures, and rainfed areas. Thus, more than 70 percent of the water received is quickly lost through evaporation and transpiration before entering the consumption cycle. The remaining water volume for the country is about 130 billion cubic meters and in fact constitutes the country's water potential.Climate change has had a significant impact on precipitation systems, and in addition to creating temporal irregularity, it has also exacerbated spatial irregularity. Iran is among the nine countries most vulnerable to climate change. Changing precipitation patterns is one of the most obvious consequences of climate change worldwide. A prominent form of climate change in Iran is also the change in precipitation patterns. Decreased precipitation, changing precipitation patterns, changes in the intensity and duration of precipitation, irregularity in the timing of precipitation, and increased temperature are the most important outcomes of climate change in the country.The country's resources are managed by the Ministry of Energy, but the most important water consumer is the Ministry of Agricultural Jihad. Department of Environment is responsible for monitoring and supervising water resources to ensure water purity. Multiple and separate policies have led to the failure to achieve integrated water resource management and the failure to integrate water policies has led to a diversity of water strategies.One of the most important challenges facing the country's water resources is the excessive exploitation of these resources. This exploitation has reached such a level that the capacity for aquifer restoration has been destroyed and a negative balance has become a common feature of all aquifers. The limited availability of groundwater resources, the imbalance in the groundwater balance, the lack of permanent rivers, and the subsequent weakness of groundwater aquifer recharge have exacerbated these limitations in recent years.Inter-basin water transfer, plain subsidence, and insecurity caused by water shortages are consequences of improper management of the country's water resources. One of the most important challenges of the country's water resources isthe excessive exploitation of these resources. Water shortage has aggravated the imbalance in the underground water balance, the lack of permanent rivers and then the weakness of feeding the underground water reservoirs.According to the surveys conducted and the statistics and information of the synoptic stations and the Ministry of Energy, in the last 15 years, the temperature of the Iran has increased by about 1 degree Celsius. Also, the country's rainfall has decreased by about 15% in this period compared to the long-term period. Over exploitation and decrease in rainfall have caused the number of prohibited plains increase from 15 plains in 1968 to 405 plains in 2017.

The findings of this research indicate that mismanagement on the one hand and climate changes from the other hand are turning the water shortage problem into a water shortage crisis in Iran. The assessment of Iran's water resources situation in the form of indicators also emphasizes that it is on the brink of a water shortage crisis.Over exploitation has caused a deficit of 5 billion cubic meters per year, and as a result, the level of underground water has dropped. Exploitation of rivers flow has exceeded the permitted level and the rivers of the country have been prevented from their usual and natural flow. The phenomenon of water scarcity will lead to unemployment, widespread migration, protests, subsidence of plains, excessive land dryness, increased dust production, disruption of urban and rural life, loss of plant and animal ecosystems, etc. The results of the continuation of the current trend of the country's water resources are a growing linear situation with expanding dimensions.

In the 21st century, the world is witnessing rapid and unprecedented changes in the environmental geopolitical field. Environmental challenges play an important role in human security. One of the challenges that arise is in the field of water and water crisis. Water security in Gilan province has faced many challenges in recent years in connection with environmental geopolitical components and affected by many factors. The current research was carried out with the aim of explaining environmental geopolitical challenges in Gilan province with an emphasis on water security. By using the descriptive-analytical method, relying on library studies and surveys, the authors aim to evaluate the research hypothesis and by setting up a questionnaire and distributing it among the statistical community of the research, including elites and students of political science, political geography and environment. The life of Gilan province and the analysis of the collected data using spss software have taken steps towards achieving the goals of the research. The results show that the significance value of the variable t-test is equal to 0.000 and less than the standard level of 0.05, hence the hypothesis of the research which is "Environmental geopolitical challenges in Gilan province lead to the intensification of socio-economic consequences caused by The water crisis is confirmed. The findings of the Friedman test in the form of extracting averages and ranking the items show the challenges of waste and garbage crisis, land use change, establishment of scattered, heterogeneous and incompatible industries with environmental protection, indiscriminate harvesting of rivers, Destruction of agricultural lands and natural resources, pollution of surface water, unsustainable natural tourism in the province, deforestation, non-compliance with water consumption pattern and excessive use of underground water tables more than other issues lead to the intensification of socio-economic consequences caused by the crisis. water in Gilan province.

One of the issues that most cities in the world are dealing with is natural disasters that occur suddenly and cause damage to humans and the environment.Due to their unexpected nature,these risks in most cases cause a lot of financial and human damage.In the present research,the resilience of Kermanshah city against natural disasters has been examined.From the point of view of the goal,this research is a cognitive research.Data has been collected using questionnaires and field visits.The research sample is15 people who are experts and experts in urban management structure.Data analysis using Structural Equation Modeling has been used to examine research hypotheses and interactions between variables.The findings of the research indicate that there is a relationship between the four dimensions of resilience (physical,economic,social and institutional)in the resilience of Kermanshah against natural disasters.The unfavorable condition of the neighborhoods and inadequate access to the facilities and services of rescuers are among the features of this city that have affected its resilience.The general results of the research indicate that the city of Kermanshah has low resilience against natural hazards and requires serious attention to its various dimensions, especially the physical-environmental aspect of the city.The city of Kermanshah is one of the cities that,due to its climatic and geographical conditions,requires high urban resilience in order to be able to withstand natural disasters,especially earthquakes and floods.Paying attention to urban resilience in Kermanshah greatly reduces life and financial risks and strengthens crisis management.

One of the areas of unsustainable urban development, especially in developing countries, is informal settlements, which have been formed due to the inability of urban policies to solve the housing problems of vulnerable groups and control migration. Informal settlements are associated with a concentration of low-income groups, often with informal occupations and unsustainable urbanization, and are the cause of many social ills due to their isolation. This research is applied-developmental in terms of purpose, descriptive-exploratory method in terms of method, and in terms of how to collect the required information and data, it is considered as field and survey research, as well as for collecting data from a questionnaire Open and closed) has been used. In this study, 11 informal settlements in Khorramabad with emphasis on the spread of poverty were examined by statistical tests using descriptive-analytical method. The statistical population of this study was calculated based on Cochran's formula of 384 people and the information was obtained through a questionnaire. The results indicate that according to the studies and statistical tests performed (T - TEST, F and TUKEY) and the results obtained, it can be said that there is a significant difference between the studied neighborhoods in terms of security situation and The studied neighborhoods are not in a good condition in terms of security level. Falakuddin neighborhood and Garm Sharghi valley have the least security and Gol Sefid and Asadabadi have the most security.

According to the official statistics of the 1400 census, about 512,027 thousand people live in the informal settlements of the country. Idaloo neighborhood in Tabriz city is considered as one of the informal settlements which houses 26785 people. Considering the importance and importance of paying attention to security in informal settlements, the main goal of this research is to investigate the indicators that determine security in the Idaloo neighborhood of Tabriz city in improving the quality of informal settlements to increase welfare and improve the conditions of the areas to achieve the quality standards of spaces. It is a city. For this reason, the current research seeks to answer the question of how the indicators and criteria that determine security in the Idaloo neighborhood of Tabriz affect the improvement of the quality of informal settlements.

The research method in this research is descriptive-analytical, and in terms of its purpose, it is considered part of applied research, and in terms of gathering information, it is survey research. The statistical population of 26,785 people in this research is the residents of Idaloo neighborhood in Tabriz City. According to Cochran's formula, the sample size was 378 people. In this research, a questionnaire tool is used to collect data. After the above steps, data classification was done by analyzing structural equations using SPss and Amos software. Cronbach's alpha was used for the reliability of the questions. Structural equation modeling (SEM) is one of the most original methods of analysis and multivariate analysis, which is used to examine the complex relationships between manifest and implicit variables.

According to the results obtained in Idaloo neighborhood, it can be said that it had a better situation than other indicators. Among physical indicators, access to roads has a better position than other physical variables. And visual comfort is at a low level compared to other physical variables. In terms of the environmental situation of Idaloo neighborhood, it is at a very low level, and in this neighborhood, most garbage and urban waste are left and the pollution caused by it is not paid attention to, has caused pollution and continues. The environment of the neighborhood, and the vegetation of this neighborhood are at a very low level. In terms of per capita parks and planting plants, it has a low level, which is considered a threat to the safety and health of the residents of the ideal informal settlement from the point of view of mental-psychological and leisure time. In terms of management, due to the poor performance of managers in the implementation of urban projects, including the repair and improvement of bridges, edges, and their accommodation, endangers the lives and safety of the residents of Idaloo neighborhood. From the sociocultural point of view, the existence of urban spaces at night, social and public participation is at a low level in Idaloo neighborhood, but in terms of neighborhood solidarity and a sense of belonging to the place. They are at a good level.

Urban-local management in relation to the supervision of construction and accurate and correct location of facilities and equipment needed by the residents of Idaloo neighborhood in times of emergency and crises will increase the sense of security among the residents of the neighborhood. According to the spatial and environmental characteristics of crimes in the ideal informal settlement and the planning, design, and architecture of such spaces, the level of abnormality in the neighborhood can be reduced to the minimum possible level.

The historical review of the events and trends of alliances and coalitions in the Middle East from the past to the present shows that the duration of friendships and enmities in this region has never been so short; Therefore, the Middle East has entered a "new era of uncertainty"; An era in which minimum cooperation and alliance and closeness of interests of countries are observed. In this regard, regional powers have contributed more than other regional actors in the formation of this rule and influenced the US policy process. In this regard, its main goal is to theoretically analyze the nature of the changing process of this alliance and regional coalitions (especially during Trump's presidency); And by raising the main question, what is the impact of America's Middle East policy in the Trump era on the process and structure of alliances and coalitions in the East? Trump's Middle East policy is influenced by the grand strategies of American foreign policy, which was based on the motto "America first", the process and structure of alliances and coalitions in the Middle East based on strengthening the alliance between Arabs and Israel, and intensifying political conflicts and competitions between Arabs and Iran. , preventing the implementation and expansion of Ottomanism in the Middle East and the formation of a regional coalition around the soft power of the United States changed; In this regard, the research in its study process collects the necessary data, examines and analyzes the relationships of the said data, so that its theoretical, strategic and operational nature is more tangible by presenting suggestions.

Women, as half of the urban population, have more specific sensitivities than men about perceptions of crime areas. Therefore, by examining their perspectives on identifying crime potentials at the level of urban spaces, it is possible to achieve the characteristics of a safe urban space from the perspective of the totality of an urban society. Accordingly, addressing the issue of what characteristics of urban open spaces from the perspective of women make them safe or prone to crime, is the main purpose of this study. Also, among the various urban spaces, parks are of special importance as a public place for the daily presence of women, and this factor led to the selection of Shiraz Freedom Park as a case study. The research strategy in this study includes a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods and information was collected through questionnaires, interviews, observation and mental imaging. The results showed that the set of factors affecting the feeling of insecurity in women in urban parks can be classified under four physical, functional, social and perceptual-visual indicators. In these cases, following factors are very important in creating a safe space in urban parks from the perspective of women: vegetation density, the presence of sub-spaces and outcrops, territorial segregation, the presence of signs and symbols, the circadian nature of land uses, proper location of entrances and exits, the possibility of proper navigation in space, artificial care, reputation or a notoriety) a space, gender dominance in parts of the park, visual communication with different parts of the park, proper lighting at night and the brightness and clarity of the space.

Cultural and social development and valuable activities in a society will not be possible without security. In many areas, there may be police management, but it does not make people feel safe. The effect of the cultural and social functions of the police in the police management of coastal areas, the effective factors for tourists' well-being, and the determination of the effect of these factors on the sense of security are the problems of the present research, which aims to determine the impact of the cultural and social functions of the police in the police management and the security of tourists in the coastal areas of Mazandaran province.

Design/methodology/approach:

 In terms of its nature, the current research is among descriptive and non-experimental field and survey research, and its statistical sample consisted of 400 police commanders and managers of the province. Using fuzzy analysis and Excel software, the researcher investigated the cultural and social indicators of police that are effective in security, and then, using SPSS software, the research hypotheses were tested.

The findings of the hypothesis test show that the police operational capability index, the police professional behavior index, and the police social activities index are effective for tourists in the coastal areas of the province.

The results show that police management and security in coastal areas are not only through the operational capability of the police, but also the professional behavior and social activities of the police are effective in creating security.

Originality/value: 

This research has presented a model in line with the implementation of police management strategies and increasing the sense of security in the beaches and paying attention to the supervision and demands of the natives and tourists, in which the government interventions are minimal.

Protecting the borders and establishing security and defense in the border and internal areas of every country has been the concern of the rulers of their time. To some extent, all countries throughout history have faced insecurity, chaos, crisis and war at the borders to stabilize their country. In the past years, many ethnic, racial and religious groups have lived side by side in unstable political and social frameworks and have lived on the borders. Throughout history, the country's border strips have seen the most significant conflicts and confrontations between governments and nations; therefore, the issue of borders has always been one of the basic and important issues of governments, so borders have a special place in every country. One of the most difficult tasks of any government is the control and security of political borders, and if this issue is not paid attention to and there are no appropriate plans and solutions, the country's political sovereignty will be threatened. In order to turn threats into opportunities and benefit from conditions and situations in order to maintain security and secure national interests, we must have a deep and comprehensive understanding of the level of border areas and its surrounding spaces. In the meantime, one of the most important measures is planning according to the geomorphological capabilities of the border areas. One of the measures that increase security in the border strip is to identify areas prone to establishing military bases and surveillance centers. Considering that the border strip of Kurdistan province, including Marivan city, has a sensitive location, therefore, in this research, the areas prone to the construction of military bases and observation centers in this city have been identified.

In this research, according to the subject and objectives, library information, SRTM 30 meters high digital model and digital layers of information have been used as research data. The most important research tools are ArcGIS (for the purpose of preparing necessary maps) and Expert Choice (for the implementation of the AHP model). In this research, in order to identify the vulnerable areas of Marivan city against the enemy's influence, as well as areas susceptible to the construction of military bases and observation centers, the integrated model of fuzzy logic and AHP has been used. This research has been done in several stages. In the first step, the parameters used are identified. In the second step, the used parameters are fuzzification. In the third step, using the Analytical Hierarchy Model (AHP) and based on the opinions of experts, weight has been given to the information layers and then the obtained weight has been applied to the information layers. In the fourth stage, the layers of information are combined and finally, a map of areas prone to enemy infiltration and areas prone to establishing military bases and observation centers is prepared.

In this research, in order to identify vulnerable areas against enemy infiltration, 6 parameters of height, slope, field of view, distance from the river, distance from urban areas and distance from military bases have been used. Also, considering that the study area corresponds to the border strip, therefore monitoring and controlling these areas is very important. One of the ways to control and monitor the border areas is to create military bases and observation centers, which has been addressed in this research using 6 parameters. Investigations have shown that Marivan city has a lot of diversity in terms of geomorphology, and this problem has caused its different parts to have different potentials for creating military objectives. Considering the importance of creating security in the border strip, it is necessary to pay attention to the geomorphological capabilities of this city in order to create security in the region. In this research, based on the geomorphological capabilities of Marivan city, vulnerable areas were identified against the enemy's influence, as well as areas susceptible to the construction of military bases and observation centers.
 

According to the results, due to the geomorphological situation of Marivan city, parts of this city lack sufficient visibility and are far from the monitoring and control of military bases, and this problem has caused these areas, which mainly include the southwestern and southern regions. Is a city, have a high vulnerability potential. Also, the results of this research have shown that parts of Marivan city, which mostly correspond to the central areas of the city, have a high potential for building military bases and observation centers. Due to high altitude, low slope, western directions, wide field of view, proximity to main roads and being far from military bases, these areas have high potential for the desired goals. The total results of this research have shown that in locating military bases in Marivan city, geomorphological factors have not been given much attention and it is necessary to establish security in this region, military bases and observation centers. He built a new building in accordance with the geomorphological strength of the region.

In this research, the analysis of influential components in vulnerable urban spaces at the neighborhood level within one municipality of Tabriz is conducted. Urban spaces are pivotal for citizens' life and activity, aiming to provide safe, healthy, stable, and attractive environments that cater to diverse societal needs based on individual characteristics, age, social groups, and gender. The study utilized the T-test to analyze components, dimensions, and effective areas in vulnerable spaces, categorizing twelve investigated components into three groups and assessing their impact separately. Additionally, one-way variance analysis was employed to compare 13 neighborhoods in Tabriz city, with subsequent ranking using the Vicor model. Results highlight that physical-environmental components exerted the most significant impact on the formation of vulnerable spaces, revealing notable differences among localities concerning missing spaces, corners, inadequate lighting, and specific alley and street configurations like L-shaped and U-shaped layouts, underpasses, and bridges.

The position of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers is in the least compatible with national borders or with the political and strategic considerations of regional countries. The sources of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers are located in Turkey, and Turkish authorities believe they own the resources. A project called "Gap" or "Anatolian" in the framework of the construction of more than 22 dams and 19 hydroelectric projects and development of the agricultural system in the Tigris and Euphrates watersheds has been on the Turkish governmentchr('39')s agenda by 2023, reflecting the security threat. The environmental and water security of the downstream countries (Iraq, Syria and Iran) have been demonstrated. The present study is based on the assumption of reflecting the Hydropolitic relations of the Tigris and Euphrates basin (based on Gap Project) with the viewpoint of continuing climate change and changing rainfall patterns and increasing water use in downstream countries using library resources. In the form of a threat to the security of the southwestern areas of Iran, it will intensify. The results showed that the consequences of the Hydropolitic approach of the Tigris and Euphrates countries, especially Turkey, besides threatening environmental security, affect other aspects of security in the economic, social and political spheres in the southwest of the country.