social security

The aim of this research is to evaluate the effects of the elements of good urban governance on the partial realization of security dimensions in the urban space, a case study of the 9th district of Tehran. The research method is descriptive-analytical. The data collection tool in this research was collected by a researcher-made questionnaire. Its validity was done by the formal method and its reliability was done by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The statistical population of the research was the citizens living in the urban area of District 9 of Tehran, and the sample size was considered to be 384 people using Cochran's formula. The findings of the research indicateimprovement in the target areas is very different from each other. T There is a significant correlation between the indicators of good urban governance with the index of transparency, justice and fairness, as well as effectiveness at a low level, and among the indicators of participation, consensus building at a medium level, as well as between the indicators of the rule of law, accountability, and efficiency at a higher level. The total results have shown that the degree of predictability of good urban governance indicators is different in the surveyed localities, so that the industrial areas of Fatah, Shahid Dastghaib have a positive index coefficient, and localities such as Imamzadeh Abdullah and Shamshimiri have a positive index coefficient. Average and the neighborhoods of South Mehrabad, Sar Asiyab, Ostad Moin and Dr. Hoshiar have a negative regression coefficient.

Housing is one of the main human needs, which is known as the basic biological need for humans. Sustainable housing refers to a wide range of opportunities to improve economic development, environmental protection, quality of life and social equality. It requires a detailed and comprehensive look to be able to address the various dimensions of security, in fact, as the discovery of the hidden connections between those dimensions at different levels. Among the effective factors in the security of every city are urban spaces and places, therefore, due to the increase of social anomalies in today's societies, it is necessary to examine social security and factors affecting it. Urban areas are a place to live and to know the sense of belonging to the place of its residents is one of the necessities of maintaining the quantity and quality of this population. For this reason, social security is considered as one of the development indicators, based on which the level of development of urban housing and even countries is evaluated. Therefore, in order to solve the problems of feeling insecure in urban housing and achieving sustainable urban development, examining the components of well-being, The comfort and safety of citizens, which is one of the basic goals of urban planning. Urban insecurity in different fields includes that part of anomalies that have emerged as a result of the emergence of urbanization and the social problems caused by them and cause structural and functional damage in the urban society at different levels. Results The preliminary data from the studied area shows that the building materials used in the construction are often of very low quality and due to the lack of attention to the executive instructions considering that the city of Nowshahr is exposed to many natural disasters such as floods and especially earthquakes. Housing is one of the important indicators to maintain the safety of the residents of the study area. For the reasons that were mentioned, it seems necessary to examine the issue of housing sustainability due to its importance and impact on life-financial security, etc. In other words, the need to live in a safe environment in the study area is very important, which requires adaptation and interaction with the environment for the well-being of citizens, both mentally and objectively, according to the above-mentioned contents of this research. is to examine the set of factors that cause the stability of housing in social security in the study area .

The current research is applied in terms of type and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. Two library and field methods have been used to collect the required information. The statistical population of the research is Nowshahr city, which was determined based on Cochran's formula with an error of 0.05% of 384 questionnaires. A simple random method was used to distribute the questionnaire. It has been used to propose indicators using internal and external studies. The validity of the questionnaire items has been confirmed by the opinion of a number of academic researchers and its reliability has been calculated using Cronbach's alpha test to the extent of 0.75. In the analysis of the data obtained from the questionnaire, structural equations of laser (SEM) have been used. In fact, structural equation model is the Persian translation of Structural Equation Model, which is also called SEM for short. This method is a special causal structure between a set of latent variables and observable variables. Using the structural equation modeling method, the relationships between hidden variables can be investigated, as well as the measurement items of each hidden variable with the relevant variable. Lisrel software is used to perform the calculations of this method. 

The findings of the research show that among the 384 respondents, 15% are in the age group of 30-40 and 30% are married, gender is 79%, place of birth is 78%, and employment is 70.24% of the total respondents in this research, the largest age range is related to the age group of 33 up to 43 years old with 32.45% and the lowest age group is 20 to 35 years old with 0.8%; Also, 17.5% were in the age group of 35 to 40 years old, 24.3% were between 45 to 55 years old, and 19.9% were over 65 years old. One of the presuppositions of using structural equation modeling using Lisrel software is the normality of the data. Therefore, in this research, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to check the normality of the research data. In conducting factor analysis, one must first ensure the appropriateness of the desired data for analysis (sample size and relationship between variables). For this purpose, KMO indices and Bartlett's test are used to verify the adequacy of the sample size. If the value of the KMO index is less than 0.6, the results of the factor analysis are not suitable for the data in question. 

The purpose of this research was to study the role of sustainable urban housing in social security, and the results showed the positive impact of dimensions on household social security. The results of the descriptive findings show that 10 important factors play a role in the extreme fluctuations in housing prices in Nowshahr, which include things such as: lack of access to cheap housing for citizens, fluctuations in housing prices and household savings, construction fluctuations Housing, the role-creation of municipalities and the increase in housing prices, the role of builders in housing market fluctuations, the role of intermediaries and sellers in the housing market, income inequality and high housing prices, land prices and their effect on housing price fluctuations, the presence of brokers in the housing market. and the increase in housing prices and the lack of firm rules in determining housing prices and the prevalence of speculation .

There is no funding support. Authors’ Contribution Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none. Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest.AcknowledgmentsWe are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper.

Tehran is a city of inequalities. Both poverty and wealth have grown dramatically in it. Poverty in Tehran is not completely rooted in the weak economic policies of the government, but part of it is caused by wrong urban policies. Weak population policies, especially in the matter of immigration and unrestrained marginalization, the ever-increasing expansion of informal settlements, and the lack of control and optimal management of socially disadvantaged groups at the city level, have been the most important weaknesses in the planning of urban institutions in this field, which has caused the unbridled spread of poverty in the city. . The current research is to investigate the influencing factors of urban poverty in order to improve social security. The research method is descriptive and analytical, with the ranking of urban poverty criteria and their zoning at the level of Tehran metropolis. Also, it is one of the objectives of this research to investigate the optimal strategy for reproducing social security at the level of the studied areas of Tehran, with an emphasis on urban poverty indicators. Finally, by analyzing and ranking the criteria with the ANP model and the obtained weights, and then the area The classification of factors in the examined criteria leads to the conclusion that areas 1, 3 and 2 have favorable indicators and areas 16, 17, 18 and 19 have unfavorable indicators. Finally, the promotion of social security in the identified areas should increase.

Tourism as an industry has both positive and negative effects. One of the positive effects of this industry is the mental security of tourists from the host community or citizens, this index is influenced by various factors, the measurement of which can be very important in planning for tourism. The aim of the current research is to measure the level of mental security and its effects on tourists' satisfaction with citizens and the choice of Kashan City. The research method is descriptive-analytical. One-sample t-test and Structural Equation Modeling were used to analyze the questionnaire data. The results obtained from the one-sample t-test show the significance of the indicators of peace of mind, attitude, perceived value, comfort, mental image, and security on the mental security of tourists in Kashan, Iran. The findings of the Structural Equation Modeling show that among the measured indicators, the attitude index has the highest factor loading with a weight of 0.97. And it has affected the mental security of tourists more than other factors. The security factor is in second place with a factor load of 0.87. The comfort factor, mental image factor, value factor, 0.85, 0.81, 0.79, and the comfort scale with a factor load of 0.22 are ranked next. After a more detailed analysis of the indicators, among the subjective image index, tourists' satisfaction with choosing Kashan for travel has the highest factor weight with a factor load of 0.81.

Today, the tourism police is widespread in most cities and tourist destinations in the world and has had a significant impact on improving tourism services.This study is applied in terms of purpose and is descriptive and descriptive in terms of its method. The statistical population of this study is all domestic and foreign tourists who entered Qeshm Island in 2019 and were present in tourist places. According to the statistical population, the sample size is estimated 384 people. The sampling method is non-probability or available and the method is quantitative analysis. The results of this study show that the services of tourism police and online collective activities have a direct and positive effect on reducing relative deprivation and improving social security, reducing group anger and desire to travel have a direct and positive relationship with the reduction of perceived relative deprivation. The results of this study indicate that improving social security and services of tourism police has a positive and significant effect on reducing perceived group relative deprivation. Also, the findings showed that reduction of perceived group relative deprivation has an effect on reducing group anger and trust in destination; Therefore, it can be stated that the service of the tourism police prevents owners of destinations and tourist sites from violating or much less doing so and forcing them to enforce the law.

The Feeling of Social Security as a Psychological and Social Phenomenon is influenced by the direct and Indirect Experiences of People from different Social Conditions.Humans need it to Achieve a Healthy Life and Maintain Social Relations, and the Feeling of Security is Considered a Prerequisite for any Social, Economic, Cultural and Political Development and is Related to the level of Progress of the Society. Awareness of the security Situation of the inhabitants of a Community has an effective role in Recognizing the challenges and solutions for the development of a community and it works to strengthen its infrastructure. The purpose of this Research is to investigate the role of Social Security in Social Capital with the moderating effect of mental Security of Citizens in the Villages of Fathabad district, Qasrshirin County. The research Objective was applied and the Research type was Analytical Survey. The Statistical Population of the Present Research is the head of Rural Households, which is 256 People using Cochran's Formula, using Simple Random Sampling method, out of 767 head of Rural households in Fateh Abad district. The validity of questionnaire was proved using content validity method and their reliability using Cronbach's alpha. In this Article to test Hypothesis and Conceptual Model Structural Equation Approach and Amos Software were used. The Results show that Social Security has effect on Social Capital and Psychological Security of Citizens. Also the results show that Psychological Security of Citizens has the role of Mediator in effect of Social Security in Social Capital.

One of the most important tasks of governments in the past century had been the realization of social security; in such a way that the duties of the government in fulfilling social security have become a matter of course. Nevertheless, the limits of the government's intervention in fulfilling social security has been one of the fundamental challenges of policy making, and several theories have been proposed in this regard, and one of them is regulatory state. The purpose of the present research is to examine the limits of the government's intervention in the social security system in Iran. Although the government's intervention in social security has been examined through several theories; But this issue has not yet been examined from the perspective of the regulatory state theory. Social security is one of the most important tasks of the state in terms of the scope, size and number of people covered. Therefore, the study of issues related to social security is not only of great importance, but also necessary for the expansion, development, expansion and realization of social justice. Although government intervention in social security is taken for granted, the question arises here as to how the limits of government intervention in Iran's social security system can be explained in the light of regulatory state theory.

Using a theoretical approach and a descriptive method of analysis, this article draws on library research in an attempt to analyses the limits of state intervention in Iran's social security system from the perspective of the regulatory government.

The limits of the government's intervention in Iran in order to realize social security from the perspective of the regulatory government can be divided into sectoral and extra-sectoral areas. However, the diversity of issues and the involvement of numerous institutions in order to realize social security has caused the formation of many challenges for government regulation in this field, the most important regulatory challenges can be considered parallel activities and duties, ambiguities and objections in the legal rulings governing the macro structure of the social security system. Governments have several motives for intervening in social security, which can be related to market failure, distributive justice and the protection of citizens' rights. Regulatory measures or criteria also consist of five criteria which are legislative support for regulation, accountability, impartial procedures, sufficient expertise of the regulator and efficiency. In Iran, in general, the government's policy in the field of social security in the direction of regulation can be considered in two sectoral and non-sectoral areas. The sectoral field of social security is implemented by one or more institutions; however, the intersectoral field includes social and economic activities that have an impact on different fields. The field of social security in Iran includes many issues such as medical insurance, pension, provision of medical services, rehabilitation of the disabled and injured, support for the needy and payment of pensions to them. As mentioned above, in the sectoral and non-sectoral fields, many institutions are responsible for social security in Iran; this has led to the formation of parallel activities and duties among the institutions. The parallelism of activities and duties has led to several consequences, such as not providing proper services and wasting financial and human resources. It seems that to solve this problem, these interactions should be fully understood and parallel devices should be integrated or removed so that the facilities can be used in the desired way. For example, in the area of non-insurance assistance, there is a complete parallelism between the Red Crescent, the relief committee and the welfare organization.

One of the most important functions of governments in the last century has been to provide social security. For this reason, governments have always tried to achieve this through intervention. Although the right to social security has been assumed by governments, the level of government intervention has always been a subject of debate. Meanwhile, one of the theories that have been proposed to explain the limits of government intervention in social security is the regulatory government. In order to improve the performance of the government in the field of social security, several suggestions can be made; first, the members of the board of directors should be selected professionally; second, the rule of transparency should be implemented in the procedures; third, many parallel and overlapping structures should be dissolved and operated under one organization; finally, the possibility of developing people's participation in order to increase productivity and efficiency.

Villages are the basis of the country's social life and play an important role in food security and population distribution and agricultural production. The importance of border villages due to foreign trade is twofold. Therefore, the present article assesses the status of socio-economic security indicators in the border villages (case study: Taybad city). The purpose of this research is to identify security components and assess the status of these components in the border villages of the city. The method of descriptive and analytical research and data collection is both documentary and field. The statistical population of the study is the border villages of Taybad city, which are located 15 km away from the Afghan border, which include the villages of Mohammad Abad, Mohsen Abad, Qomi, Farzaneh, Dogharun and Haji Abad. The sample was selected in a theoretical saturation and 100 questionnaires were filled out by the local community. The results of this study show that the economic index with a coefficient of 2.12 and the social index with a coefficient of 2.96. Among these, the employment component with an average of 2.65 in the economic index and the spatial affiliation component with an average of 3.56 in the social index was higher than other components. have.

The objective of current research is to examine the relationship between the sense of place and the level of social security. This study's method is descriptive-analytic in terms of its objective, the purpose for which it is applied, and the quantitative data type. The statistical population of all residents of Kermanshah city's western Abshouran neighborhood (Sabzeh Square to Modares) (according to the 2016 Kermanshah census, the total population of this part of the neighborhood is 290 people, equivalent to 73 households), of which 166 people were chosen as sample size using the Cochran formula and random sampling. According to the nature and type of data, descriptive and inferential statistics are utilized for data analysis. The researched variables are described in this way by collecting the frequency and percentage, and in the field of inferential statistics, SPSS software is used to evaluate the association between variables and multivariate regression test to examine the link between these variables. Pearson's test results show a connection and a moderate association between the variables of sense of place and the characteristics of social security. Thus, the regression test findings suggest that 0.42 of the changes in social dimensions are connected to sense of place variables. The study's findings also show that there is a two-way relationship between the dimensions of sense of place and social security, such that as sense of place increases, so does social security, and vice versa, as social security increases, so does sense of place.

People always seek to provide security as one of their basic needs, also it has been considered as one of the important indicators of the quality of urban life from urban planners and managers point of view. Precisely, feeling of social security in urban spaces is one of the most important indicators of quality of life for citizens. With the increasing necessity of creating security in societies, the tools, methods and approaches to create and maintain it have undergone transformation. Therefore, urban management is one of the important aspects of urban planning, which is directly related to human societies, especially urban society, and creating social security; therefore, the aim of this research is to review the role and position of urban management in improving the social security of cities.

Methodology of this paper is library-analytical. First, definitions and theories have been collected through library studies. Second, for the data analysis, the review of the theoretical foundations and the research conducted in this field, the components of social security and the impact of the performance and role of urban management on each of them have been discussed.

Studies show that based on the coefficient of determination, 28% of the variance of the dependent variable is explained by the independent variable. Beta coefficient (BTA) also indicates a direct relationship between two independent and dependent variables. As a result, through the regression analysis of two variables, it can be concluded that the level of social security and crime prevention increases with the improvement of urban management performance..

Security is one of the most basic needs for tourists, and its lack is a big challenge to attract tourists, especially foreign tourists. Since the purpose of tourists from traveling is to gain mental and emotional peace; the lack of social security will decrease the acceptance of tourists. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between social security indicators on the loyalty of foreign tourists in Shiraz.

applied research and its method is based on descriptive-analytical method. In order to collect the required data, documentary and field methods (questionnaire) have been used. The statistical population was tourists visiting Shiraz city in 2018. The sampling method was random and multi-stage cluster type. To measure the social security of tourists, 43 items have been used in the form of 4 indicators. Also, data analysis has been done using T, correlation coefficient and regression analysis methods.

The results of the research show that 4 social security indicators are above the average level from the point of view of tourists, and there is a strong and statistically significant correlation between the social security indicators. In the end, among the loyalty factors, the travel experience component with a value of 0.319 had the largest share among other loyalty factors. The results of the research show that 4 social security indicators are above the average level from the point of view of tourists, and there is a strong and statistically significant correlation between the social security indicators. In the end, among the loyalty factors, the travel experience component with a value of 0.319 had the largest share among other loyalty factors.

Sistan and Baluchestan province, as one of the most strategic provinces in the east of the country, has always caused many security incidents in different parts of the province. It emphasizes the Shiite religion as the official religion of the country, so one of the ways to achieve the indicators of convergence is the religion of Islam. The purpose of this study was to "explain the role of Islam in the integration of the Baluch people and its impact on social security in Sistan and Baluchestan province."The present study is of applied type and in terms of descriptive analytical method and statistical population as a whole and the obtained results are "Islam as the most important component of the convergence of Baluch people through the principles of common religion between Shiites and Sunnah - belief in a common prophet - belief The rule of denying the mustache - common religious holidays, etc., has an effect on the convergence of the Baloch people.

The main goal of present research is the study of correlation of social security with Urban Designing indexes in old and modern Urmia texture. In this city, various Urban Designing and presence of different ethics make the importance of security more dominant and in this regard, the quality of buildings, population, the number of floors, and also the domain in which the crimes have recorded by police were considered as criteria. In this study, the data of crimes offered by the police and also the data of city were used. All the pre-processing data and standardization of criteria is done by GIS in order to do the Spatial analysis. At the end, by using MCDM and SUPER DCISION software weight of any criteria was determined and by utilizing weights in standard GIS maps, and finally blending weighted fuzzy maps with AND operator, the security map of the city was provided. The result of the study was compared with crime scattering map which based on the results by developing modern texture social security has increased and police region 13, with an old texture in the central part of the city has the least security.

Fear of crime Fear, social insecurity, panic and anxiety about oneself, family, relatives, friends and interactive networks (close-knit groups) in the face of environmental threats (strife, theft, murder, social harassment and victimization). They) refers. Fear of crime in Ardabil due to the prevalence of social problems and harms, more severe pain. Tunisian theory holds that the reason for fear of crime is the reduction of social belonging. The purpose of this study is to study the relationship between social belonging and fear of crime in Ardabil. The research method is survey (quantitative). The sample size was determined by sample powe equal to 278 people and was distributed among the citizens by random sampling method. The level of validity and reliability of the indicators has also been confirmed. The results show that with decreasing social belonging, fear of crime among residents also increases, as well as local cohesion with beta (-0.154), local participation (-0.203), neighborhood identity (-0.182), social awareness (-0.262) and Local trust with beta (-0.173) had a significant effect on fear of crime. Accordingly, by increasing social belonging (creating local and practical social institutions, defensible space in residential complexes and neighborhoods, creating a local board of trustees and neighborhood guards, re-creating environmental social capital and increasing interaction between law enforcement, public and private institutions with residents Creating new social control and collective defense through social commitment and collective sensitivity to social security) can reduce fear of crime.

Social security is one of the most important concepts in today's world and in many political, social and economic issues. This concept is one of the most basic needs of any society and needs social security in order for human beings to grow and prosper, and consequently to have a dynamic and lively society, as well as to be in the path of development of that society. The aim of this study is to compare and evaluate the level of social security indicators in different provinces of the country. The research is descriptive-analytical in terms of method and practical in terms of purpose. Raw data related to the Social Security Index have been extracted from the Statistical Yearbook (1394) of the Statistics Center of Iran. Social security indicators were evaluated with the help of 12 experts by hierarchical analysis (AHP) method and then prioritized using Expert Choice software and finally the results were shown spatially and in the form of a map in Arc GIS software. The results show that Qazvin, Kurdistan and Alborz provinces have the highest level of social security, respectively, while Semnan, Qom and Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari provinces have the lowest level of social security. This result indicates that the level of social security indicators in different provinces of the country is different, which can be a good guide for more appropriate planning for managers and decision makers to improve the level of social security and reduce the level of social harm indicators.

The study aims at investigating trust effects psychological capital on improvement of social security sense in the rural areas of Ardabil County. Target population in the study was the rural people of located in Ardabil County. The needed information by means of questionnaire was collected from rural people of settled in Ardabil County. Statistical society of research included all of rural people of Ardabil County. In addition for determining sample size the rural peoples of settled in the rural areas of Meshkinshar county was used Cochran formula. Finally, the sample size of rural peoples 383 was determined. The tool of measurement was made researcher questionnaire. The content and face validity of the instrument was specified after several times review and correction by the faculty of members at university and several expertise of administrative offices. The reliability analysis was conducted and Cronbach’s alpha values for the various sections of instrument were estimated to be between 0.82 and 0.86. The results of research showed that there was a statistically significant positive relationship between optimism, self-efficacy and resiliencey and sense of social security. Finally, based on the results analysis, some applied recommendations have been provided.

Marivan city is one of the tourist centers of Iran that has many attractions and hosts numerous tourists from different places. Due to the arrival of a large number of tourists in this city, it is necessary to study the factors affecting their satisfaction. So, the purpose of this study is to investigate the level of tourists' satisfaction with the city of Marivan and the factors affecting it. This study belongs to applied research in terms of purpose and is a descriptive-analytical study in terms of method. Data were collected by documentary and field methods. The statistical population of this study includes all tourists who visited Marivan city and stayed in this city for at least 24 hours (481,500 people) and a number of 200 samples were considered. The collected data were first analyzed for descriptive statistics and subsequently, the correlation test was conducted between variables using SPSS software. Results indicated a significant relationship between tourists' satisfaction with social security, urban facilities and services, marketers' actions at significant level of 0.05 with positive correlation coefficients of 0.772, 0.730 and 0.645, respectively. In other words, improving these factors will increase tourists' satisfaction with staying in this city. So, paying attention to the improvement of these factors in order to increase the satisfaction of tourists and their return to this city is necessary.

Social trust is the result of social interaction and action among members of society that directly affects the context of society and facilitates social activities and thus paves the way for progress and development. Study in the field of social trust as one of the valuable characteristics of social capital and the basis of social participation seems to be necessary. Therefore, in the present study, an attempt has been made to examine this important issue among the clients of the Social Security Organization.

Includes the study of factors affecting the social trust of social security customers in the city of Rasht and its spatial analysis at the level of the studied areas.

The research method is descriptive-analytical and has been assessed in the study area with the help of a questionnaire and the opinions of 365 respondents. Pearson correlation coefficient, regression analysis and TOPSIS technique have been used in this path. Geographical scope of research: The city of Rasht is a territory whose eight neighborhoods have been selected as a model community.

The results of Pearson correlation coefficient show that there is a significant relationship between the feeling of social security, social responsibility, social satisfaction, social cohesion, customer satisfaction, altruistic tendencies (independent variables) and the level of social trust (dependent variable).

The purpose of this study was to explain the native model and evaluate it in the neighborhoods of Zanjan. In this study, according to the purpose and nature of the research, the combined research method was used in two formats: data foundation method and structural equation modeling method. The statistical population of the qualitative part of the research was the experts of the scientific community and academic experts who were conducted by purposive sampling method with 12 semi-structured in-depth interviews. Statistical population in the quantitative part of the study, including residents of neighborhoods in Zanjan who were selected by cluster sampling method and purposefully 25 neighborhoods. Using Cochran's formula, 384 people were selected as the sample size and a researcher-made questionnaire was distributed in the neighborhoods. The results of the qualitative section showed that the social development model of Zanjan includes 5 dimensions, 19 components and 52 indicators. After presenting the model, it was hypothesized based on 5 extracted dimensions and the effect of the dimensions of solidarity and social harmony, social justice, quality of life, social security and social development ethics on social development in Zanjan using structural equation modeling and Smart PLS software Was evaluated. The construct validity of the questionnaire was evaluated along with the combined reliability. The results of structural equation modeling showed that the dimension of social solidarity and harmony is 0.727, the dimension of social justice is 0.513, the dimension of quality of life is 0.770, the dimension of social security is 0.411.