sustainable urban development

This research employs a systematic review approach to comprehensively evaluate environmental inequalities in Middle East cities. The Middle East, due to rapid urbanization and unsustainable development, faces complex environmental challenges that disproportionately affect low-income and marginalized populations. In this study, 60 scientific articles published between 2013 and 2023 from Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases were examined. Statistical analyses revealed that environmental inequalities in this region have been exacerbated by weaknesses in coordinated policymaking and cultural-geographical differences. Temporal patterns indicated an increasing trend in these inequalities over the past decade, while thematic analyses uncovered detrimental impacts on public health, air quality, and access to water resources.Geographical assessments demonstrated that specific areas are more vulnerable to environmental hazards due to climatic and economic conditions. By identifying gaps in existing scientific literature and current policies, this research proposes strategies to enhance environmental justice and improve conditions in Middle Eastern cities. The results of this study can serve as a foundation for developing effective policy strategies and future research in the field of environmental justice in the region. By presenting a comprehensive analytical framework, this research contributes to a deeper understanding of the dynamics of environmental inequalities in the Middle East and paves the way for targeted interventions

Having an acceptable level of participation of citizens in various urban affairs, especially urban management, is one of the main pillars of respecting citizenship rights and achieving sustainable development. One of the most important aspects of citizens' participation in various city affairs is their participation in the decision-making process of the city's Islamic councils, which are directly elected by citizens' votes. The aim of the present applied research is to predict the level of citizens' participation in the decision-making process of the city's Islamic councils and to identify the most important obstacles to attracting citizens' participation in the said process, which has been conducted as a case study in the city of Ilam. The statistical population of the current research is 194030 citizens of Ilam city, of which 384 people were selected for the study through Cochran's formula, then using a researcher's questionnaire, the necessary information was obtained from the neighborhoods of Rozmendagh, Shadabad, Zamin Shahri, Ban Bor, Rislat in a simple random manner. , agricultural settlement was collected in Ilam city. It is necessary to explain that the face validity and reliability of the research tool was confirmed using Cronbach's alpha test (α = 0.758). Also, the statistical methods used for data analysis were one-sample t-test and exploratory factor analysis. The results of the research showed that despite the fact that the level of citizens' participation in the decision-making process of the councils is in an unfavorable situation with an average of 2.2, the willingness of citizens to participate in the decision-making process of the councils is at a high level with an average of 3.17. The results of the exploratory factor analysis showed that the five main obstacles to the participation of citizens in the decision-making process of the Islamic councils of Ilam city, which were able to explain 79.662% of the variance of the dependent variable, are, in order of importance, the lack of citizen-oriented councils, the weakness of the scientific foundation. The specialization of councils, the limitations of laws and regulations and supervision, the weakness of social capital and the lack of attention of citizens.

This research aims to measure and evaluate the social sustainability of the cities of Ilam province emphasizing the sustainability of small cities, using 51 social sustainability indicators, including 8 components: the literacy rate of city residents, the durability and strength of the family, the availability of suitable housing, the quality of population dynamics, access to Healthcare indicators, access to educational indicators, equal access to cultural spaces and access to green and recreational spaces in 21 cities of Ilam province. The main aim of this research is to improve the quality of life for the residents of these cities and to achieve equality and justice; both intra-generational and intergenerational to realize sustainable social development. The main question of this research is what levels of development are the cities of Ilam province in terms of social sustainability? And is there a relationship between the size of the population of cities and their level of social sustainability? In other words, do the small cities of this province have a better social sustainability than other middle cities in the province from the perspective of social indicators?

This research, in order to measure the social sustainability of 21 cities of Ilam province, based on the data of the 1395 census, 51 indicators related to social stability, including 4 indicators of literacy status, 4 indicators of family consolidation status, 11 indicators of access to health facilities and equipment - Medical, 7 indicators of access to educational facilities, 3 indicators of access to cultural-religious facilities, 22 indicators of access to social economic activity (access to suitable housing, employment and economic activity) were selected, then negative indicators were reversed and turned into positive indicators. It was evaluated and analyzed using SPSS software and the application of TOPSIS technique.Then, to determine the relationship between the size of the population of the cities and their sustainability rating, the cities of the province were ranked and classified using cluster analysis, and their results were displayed in the form of maps using Arc GIS. Then, using Spearman's correlation coefficient, the relationship between population rank and sustainability rank of cities was investigated and analyzed. Spearman’s correlation test is a non-parametric synonym of Pearson's correlation coefficient. Spearman's correlation coefficient shows how much the dependent variable changes with the increase or decrease of the independent variable?

The results of cluster analysis about the population of the cities of Ilam province show that Ilam city as a medium city with (166,760 people) at the first population level, four cities of Dehlran (30,385 people), Ivan (29,351 people), Abdanan (22,420 people) and Darreh Shahr (20,371) in the second population level, three cities of Mehran (14,309), Arqavaz Malekshahi (12,333) and Sarableh (10,869) in the third population level and thirteen urban points Asman Abad (5,886), Chavar (5,753), Badre (4,215), Pahle (4028), Murmori (3518), Zarne (3113), Lomar (2655), Mimeh (2628), Sarab Bagh (2557), Musian (2480), Delgosha (2201), Saleh Abad (1707) and Towheed (1475) They are at the fourth level of population.The results show; The only urban point of Towheed, on the first stable level, 4 cities of Mimeh, Lomar, Sarab Bagh and Badreh on the second or semi-stable level, 10 urban points; Sarablah, Musian, Saleh Abad, Delgosha, Chavar, Asman Abad, Murmuri, Pahle, Dareh Shahr and Zarneh are in the thirdor semi-unstable level and 6 urban points of Arquaz Malekshahi, Abdanan, Mehran, Ilam, Ivan and Dehlran are in the fourth or unstable level.The results of this research using the TOPSIS technique and cluster analysis to determine the level of social sustainability in 21 urban areas of Ilam province based on the statistics of 2015 using 51 social sustainability indicators show; The only urban point of Towheed, on the first or stable level, 4 cities of Mimeh, Lomar, Sarab Bagh and Badreh on the second or semi-stable level, 10 urban points; Sarablah, Musian, Saleh Abad, Delgosha, Chavar, Asman Abad, Murmuri, Pahle, Dareh Shahr and Zarneh are on the third or semi-unstable level, 6 urban points of Arquaz Malekshahi, Abdanan, Mehran, Ilam, Ivan and Dehlran are on the fourth or unstable level..Also, the analysis of the population of the cities of the province using cluster analysis in four levels shows that the city of Ilam is an intermediate city with (166,760 people) in the first population level, four cities of Dehlran (30,385 people), Ivan (29,351 people), Abdanan (22,420 people) ) and Dareh Shahr (20,371) at the second population level, three cities of Mehran (14,309), Arquaz Malekshahi (12,333) and Sarablah (10,869) at the third population level and thirteen urban points Asman Abad (5,886), Chavar (5,753), Badre (4215), Pahle (4028), Murmori (3518), Zarne (3113), Lomar (2655), Mimeh (2628), Sarab Bagh (2557), Musian (2480), Delgosha (2201), Saleh Abad (1707) and Tawhid (1475) are in the fourth demographic level.

The results of Spearman's correlation coefficient calculations to check the correlation between the population size and the sustainability of the cities of Ilam province by using the Spearman's coefficient show the value of -0.782, indicating the existence of a strong and inverse relationship between the city's population rank and the sustainability rank. it is them This situation shows that with the increase in the population of the cities, their stability decreases and on the contrary, and for this reason, small cities have more stability. In other words, cities with smaller (smaller) population size have higher social stability, which is a direct result of governments to create educational, health and medical services and other social indicators in these cities, and there is equality and proportionality between the population of cities with higher population and social stability indicators. is not observed; Therefore, any planning in the field of improving the social sustainability indicators of the cities of Ilam province must necessarily start from the cities with higher population such as Ilam, Dehlran, Abdanan, Mehran, Ivan, and Arquaz Malekshahi.

Urbanization is one of the basic challenges that the world society is facing in the 21st century. Nowadays, the irregular growth pattern of cities and irregular urban development have destructive effects on cities and their surrounding environment. In the meantime, the city of Bonab is not an exception to this rule. In this descriptive-analytical research with applied purpose, using the fuzzy method and remote sensing, the physical expansion and growth of Bonab city has been evaluated. In order to analyze the effective factors in the pattern of development and physical growth of the studied area, first, 10 related and main criteria including: slope, direction of slope, height, type of vegetation, distance from faults, distance from waterways, distance from communication network, distance from rivers, distance from rural settlements and distance from susceptible lands were referenced using the geographic information system were placed in the numerical range of zero to one. Then, the specified layers were fuzzy and membered by different functions, and lastly, the final map was prepared using fuzzy criteria and fuzzy gamma. In relation to the modified fuzzy gamma model, values ​​of 0.7, 0.8 and 0.9 have been used to identify potential areas for the physical expansion of Bonab city. The analysis and evaluation of the accuracy of the model was done based on gamma layers and a number of raster layers, as a result the gamma 0.9 was introduced as the final layer of land suitability for the future expansion. Based on the final map obtained, it can be said that the favorable areas for the future expansion of Bonab city are mostly located in the north and northwest areas.

The purpose of this study is to; Study the Economic Role of Mirjaveh Border Corridors on Sustainable Urban Development Dimensions.This research is descriptive-analytic in terms of method and nature, and in terms of purpose it is an applied research.SPSS software was used to analyze the data.The statistical population of the present study is the households living in Mirjaveh city, and the sample size was determined using Cochran's formula 324 people.Investigating the four dimensions of sustainable urban development(economic, social, physical and environmental)separately in relation to the economic role of Mirjaveh border corridor is one of the innovations of this research. The results of chi square test showed that there is a significant and positive relationship between the economic and social development of Mirjaveh city and the economic role of the border corridor.The results of the multiple regression test showed that the economy of the border corridor significantly predicts physical development.The results of the one-sample T-test indicate the low economic role of the border corridor in the environmental development of Mirjaveh city.Finally, in order to investigate the significant difference between the economic role of the border corridor in terms of development, the statistical process of analysis of variance was used with the help of the general linear model, The results showed that the economic role of border corridors in the social and environmental dimension has a significant difference.The general conclusion of the research shows the impact of the economic role of Mirjaveh border corridor on the dimensions of development(economic, social and physical).

The disruption of the distribution system of facilities and services in urban spaces has created the social inequality of citizens in accessing these services. Analyzing inequalities at the level of urban areas is a good starting point for understanding the unbalanced status of cities. The purpose of this study was to analyze and measure the spatial stability of environmental quality in 22 metropolitan areas of Tehran. The purpose of this study is applied and in terms of descriptive-analytical method and method of data collection is documentary. Quantitative models and VIKOR decision making, correlation coefficient, Shannon entropy and Arc Gis geographic information system were also used. The findings show that spatial sustainability indices of environmental quality are not evenly distributed and there is a significant difference between Tehran metropolitan areas in terms of sustainability indices. The results of the model show that the 21st and 18th districts of Tehran metropolitan area with environmental sustainability coefficient (0.188) and (0.177) were ranked first and second respectively. Tehran metropolitan area 10 with coefficient (0.627) ranks 20, Tehran metropolitan area 8 with coefficient (0.650) is ranked 21st and finally Tehran 13th district with environmental sustainability coefficient (0.664) is ranked 22nd. has taken. According to the results of this study, managers and planners of Tehran metropolis can reduce spatial inequalities and environmental instability by changing spatial budgeting policy and reforming and thus make the urban environment more sustainable for different citizens. Metropolis guarantee.

The Islamic City Councils as an important element of the urban management system as an institution, policymaker, decision maker, and legislator at the local level, have to be fully operational in order to fulfill their role of policymaking and oversight over all matters to be able to carry out policy and oversight tasks in all areas of the city and local organizations concerned. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to measure the effectiveness of city council performance in improving the process of sustainable urban management and development from the perspective of citizens in Tabriz metropolis. This study is practical in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of nature and method and document studies and field surveys were used to collect data. The statistical population of the study is all citizens and residents over 18 years of Tabriz metropolis. According to the 2015 census, this city had a population of 1558693 people and 497898 households. Cochran formula was used to determine the number of samples from 327 subjects were selected. The data for the analysis of quantitative methods, descriptive and inferential statistics (one-sample t, Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA, regression and path analysis) were used. The results showed that the average index of the performance of Islamic councils is 2.76 and its T-statistic is -6.59, which shows the unfavorable performance of the city council and the performance of the Islamic Council of this city in district 9 (with an average of 248.80). district 8 (with an average of 239.38) and district 2 (with an average of 204.33) have been evaluated favorably compared to other regions. Also, the average of all indicators of empowerment of Islamic city councils in the field of empowerment of Islamic councils is lower than numerical utility 3 and their t-statistic is negatively estimated. Finally, the performance of the Islamic councils in the economic dimension (employment, income and investment) has had the greatest effect with an overall effect of 0.608 and the least effect in the physical dimension with an overall effect of 0.210 in the realization of sustainable development.

As the world rapidly urbanizes, there is much focus on achieving sustainability outcomes within cities. Accomplishing this goal requires not only envisioning sustainable cities and implementing strategies, but it also demands assessing progress towards sustainable urban development. In this research, the condition of the new city of Sahand has been measured in terms of sustainable urban development indicators.The current research is an applied study that employs a descriptive-analytical design for its purposes.The current research is an applied study that employs a descriptive-analytical design for its purposes. Research indicators in social, economic, environmental and institutional dimensions were identified and operationally defined using theoretical literature. and two methods of secondary analysis(through registration data including studies of the master plan of the new city of Sahand and statistical blocks of 2016) and field survey (with the tool of researcher-made questionnaires in the number of 383 questionnaires) were collected. And they were analyzed using Friedman, one-sample T tests and Vikor model. The findings of the research show that the condition of the new city of Sahand is low in terms of sustainable development indicators in all dimensions and there is a significant difference between the phases of the new city of Sahand. Phases 1 and 2 are the first and second priorities and phases 3 and 4 are the next priorities. Phases 1 and 2 of Sahand have a more favorable situation than phases 3 and 4 due to their older age and the formation of infrastructure,urban services, economic activities and optimal performance of urban management in providing services.Planning to reduce the problems of the city of Sahand through the expansion of public spaces, the quantitative and qualitative increase of service spaces and the active participation of citizens in the city administration can be effective in improving the situation of the city of Sahand.

The urban body consists of buildings, streets, equipment, facilities, road network and city furniture, which are considered as the main components of the city. The quality of the characteristics of the city's body has an effect on the lives of the residents. Just as the shape and evolution of cities over time has caused demographic and economic changes and urban development measures, and these changes have created certain problems and issues in cities, and one of the important issues of cities is the culture of citizens. In this regard, the present study is a comparative study of the impact of the urban body on the culture of citizenship in the cities of Kashan and Yasouj.

Descriptive-analytical research method and information was collected using questionnaire tool. The sample size was 384 questionnaires calculated by Cochran's formula and according to the population of the statistical population, 266 people were distributed for Kashan city and 118 people for Yasuj city. SPSS and AMOS software were used for data analysis and structural equation modeling.

The findings show that among the indicators of the urban body (furniture, roads and readability of the city) in Kashan city with a weight of 0.93 and the urban transportation factor in Yasuj city with a weight of 0.81 and among the indicators of citizenship culture, it is a joint factor. Social responsibility in Kashan city with a weight of 0.81 and in Yasuj city with a weight of 0.79 have the highest factor loads. Also, the coefficient of influence of urban body on citizen culture was 0.33 in Kashan city and 0.21 in Yasuj city.

The results of the research explain the significant relationship between the indicators of the urban body and the dimensions of citizenship culture in the cities of Kashan and Yasouj. Therefore, after a more detailed analysis, it was determined that among the indicators of the urban body, respectively, the factor (furniture, roads, and readability of the city) and the factor of urban transportation are more important than other indicators in the opinion of the people of Kashan and Yasouj cities, and the overall estimation of the indicators of citizenship culture It showed that the two cities of Kashan and Yasouj need more strengthening in terms of the tendency to follow the law and environmental behavior.

There are several concepts in order to achieve sustainable urban development. One of the most important of these elements, sometimes referred to as the fourth pillar of sustainable development, is a sense of social security, due to the existence of an acceptable level of it among citizens, Mental and physical health, sense of identity, participation, happiness, active presence of citizens in different urban spaces, etc. can be expected and conversely. The purpose of the present quantitative and applied research, where documentary data and field studies have been used to collect information, Examining the state of social security and identifying key social and economic factors affecting it Which has been done as a case study in Yasuj. The statistical population of the study consists of all heads of households of which 380 are considered as a statistical sample. Descriptive and inferential statistics in the form of SPSS software were used to analyze the collected data.The results showed that the calculated average for life, financial, value and cultural, family, moral, occupational and economic security status, As the main dimensions of the feeling of social security, respectively with values of 2.87, 2.33, 2.52, 2.39, 2.8 and 1.98, was significantly lower than the baseline (number 3) And General condition of feeling of social security with an average of 2.48, Due to the key dimensions of its component, it is significantly lower than average. The results showed the final and confirmed model of determinants of social security using multivariate regression Among the seven variables that had a statistically significant relationship with the dependent variable of the research, the effect of four variables was significant and in total they were able to explain 51.8% of the variance of the dependent variable. The key variables of identification in order of importance are: Socio-economic status, police performance, social capital and social anomalies (with negative effect) The standardized regression effect coefficients of each of them are: 0.347, 0.228, 0.195 and -0.175, respectively. 

There are several concepts in order to achieve sustainable urban development. One of the most important of these elements, sometimes referred to as the fourth pillar of sustainable development, is a sense of social security, due to the existence of an acceptable level of it among citizens, Mental and physical health, sense of identity, participation, happiness, active presence of citizens in different urban spaces, etc. can be expected and conversely 

The purpose of the present quantitative and applied research, where documentary data and field studies have been used to collect information, Examining the state of social security and identifying key social and economic factors affecting it Which has been done as a case study in Yasuj. The statistical population of the study consists of all heads of households of which 380 are considered as a statistical sample. Descriptive and inferential statistics in the form of SPSS software were used to analyze the collected data. 

The results showed that the calculated average for life, financial, value and cultural, family, moral, occupational and economic security status, As the main dimensions of the feeling of social security, respectively with values of 2.87, 2.33, 2.52, 2.39, 2.8 and 1.98, was significantly lower than the baseline (number 3) And General condition of feeling of social security with an average of 2.48, Due to the key dimensions of its component, it is significantly lower than average. 

The results showed the final and confirmed model of determinants of social security using multivariate regression Among the seven variables that had a statistically significant relationship with the dependent variable of the research, the effect of four variables was significant and in total they were able to explain 51.8% of the variance of the dependent variable. The key variables of identification in order of importance are: Socio-economic status, police performance, social capital and social anomalies (with negative effect) The standardized regression effect coefficients of each of them are: 0.347, 0.228, 0.195 and -0.175, respectively.

The most important challenge of the world's municipalities in the third millennium is in the issue of earning income and providing financial resources. Although the main difference between the local governments of the world and the municipalities of Iran is related to the type of their financial resources, in the sense that in most of the world's cities, "state grants" constitute one of the major resources of the municipalities (local governments), but in Iran, the share of this source in the budget The municipality of the big cities of the country is less than 5%, and in Tehran, during the last one or two years, the share of this type of municipal income has reached zero. The aim of the current research is to present the financing model of Tehran municipality and its impact on urban sustainability. The research method of this research is qualitative and through interviews with 31 experts in the field of urban management, financing of the urban sector, and prominent university professors, using targeted sampling, up to the stage of theoretical exploration. Based on the findings of the research and analysis, according to the theme analysis, 105 basic themes, 19 organized themes and 2 consequences, urban social behavior and sustainable development of all urban elements were presented. Finally, "urban social health" and "sustainable development of all urban elements" were identified as the main outcomes and "sustainable financing". Also, the components of "Resistance Economy", "Active Urban Cycle", "Influential Stakeholders" and "Urban Viability" are effective in urban financing, but less important in urban sustainability.

Healthy city approach examines the quality of life of the people of a society from the environmental aspect, community health, individual and social living environment, social welfare, etc. In this descriptive-analytical research, with the aim of identifying the indicators of a healthy city, the environmental situation of Tehran was evaluated and compared.

The statistical population is selected Asian cities and 22 districts of Tehran. The status of each of the indicators has also been collected separately from library sources and organizational references. At first, in order to determine and recognize the degree of proximity of Tehran city to the indicators of a healthy city, using the fuzzy network analysis model and Vicor ranking model, the position of this city among selected Asian cities was determined and prioritized. Then, by referring to the specific weights of the indicators and Vicor model, the ranking of each of the 22 districts of Tehran was done, in order to determine the importance of each of them in the current situation of Tehran.

The obtained results indicate that Tehran ranks sixth among the selected Asian cities, but it has a lower rank in all the examined criteria than the average values ​​obtained. Among the regions of Tehran, this survey also showed that regions 22, 18 and 6 are in the best condition and regions 9, 10 and 12 are in the worst condition.

These results show that Tehran has taken steps towards achieving the indicators of a healthy city, but due to various reasons, it has not been able to achieve these indicators in 22 regions with tasteful management. The proposed strategy is an adaptive approach and improving governance capacity.

Sustainable urban development encompasses various dimensions, including economic, social, and environmental aspects. Both human managerial factors and natural factors can exert an influence on the achievement of urban sustainability. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the primary drivers that have an impact on the sustainable development of Jahrom city.

This study employed a descriptive approach and was conducted in Jahrom during the period of 2022-2023. Data was collected through the utilization of a questionnaire developed by the researchers. The identification of the influential factors was accomplished through an in-depth examination of the existing literature. Subsequently, a questionnaire consisting of 35 items was formulated based on the identified factors. Following the principles of the Delphi method, the questionnaires were distributed among a group of individuals (N=40) who possessed relevant expertise in the field. The selection of these individuals was carried out using the snowball sampling method. The final version of the questionnaire underwent a review process and was subsequently provided to a panel of 15 experts and city managers for the purpose of assigning weights to the identified factors. The selection of these individuals was carried out using a purposeful sampling strategy. Finally, the data collected was analyzed using the decisive effects analysis method facilitated by the utilization of the MICMAC software.

Sanitation and water quality exerted the greatest influence on other variables in a direct manner. Nevertheless, the most influential and robust indirect impact on other variables was observed in the realms of effective management, water quality, and employment.

Seven Factors of citizen culture, employment status, water quality, efficient management, security, education, and health exert the most significant influence on the sustainable development of Jahrom city.

Today, very important cities such as Yazd, which have cultural richness and distinct traditional architecture, have seen severe damage due to instability in their newly built structures. Therefore, it is very important to pay attention to the aspects that will accelerate the revival of traditional identity and its sustainable development. The results of this study, which was carried out with a descriptive-analytical method, show that the city of Yazd, despite the damage it has seen from the implementation of modern architecture in its new context, fortunately, due to the richness of urban planning and green architecture, is suitable for its hot and dry climate. , still maintains its efficiency and vitality, and the principles and characteristics related to the urban fabric, neighborhoods and buildings of Yazd city are in line with the general principles of sustainable and traditional architectural criteria in sustainable urban development in three environmental, economic and social fields. Therefore, the architectural style, which has been implemented with a green orientation and continuity of sustainability and without pressure on nature and more energy consumption, has played a very important role in creating socio-cultural and economic interactions and ultimately the sustainable development of this city. Of course, the adverse consequences of the spread and prevalence of buildings incompatible with the region's climate should not be neglected, and it is necessary to return to traditional architecture and combine it with modern architecture, take more appropriate steps in the direction of urban development and solve many problems. He came and helped.

The physical growth of Iranian metropolises has forced the urban management to develop urban projects, especially in the field of transportation. These projects are generally defined from a traffic point of view and in line with physical development and the creation of infrastructure and facilities for the movement of cars, and are oblivious to social issues and spatial qualities. Therefore, many of these projects, especially in the city of Karaj, have faced widespread criticism due to various social, cultural and even economic and environmental consequences. Considering the conflict of opinions in this field, it is very necessary to check the compatibility of these projects with the indicators of sustainable urban development. This article evaluates three non-level intersection projects in Karaj based on the four dimensions of sustainable development, including "economic prosperity", "cultural vitality", "social development" and "environmental resilience". The research is quantitative and the data was collected through a researcher-made questionnaire. The results of the sustainability cycles technique showed that the projects of non-level intersections in Karaj city are unfavorable based on the indicators considered for sustainability, especially the social and environmental dimensions. Social and spatial incompatibility, great optimism about technical issues, neglecting residents' opinions, and lack of sustainable design are among the reasons for the failure of these projects.

Therefore, in order to prevent issues such as environmental crisis, erosion, soil degradation, uneven urban growth, etc., it seems necessary to formulate Land use planning in order to achieve the goals of comprehensive national and urban development strategies. Goal of the research: the purpose of this study is how to achieve sustainable urban development with emphasis on Land use planning in the cities of Sistan region.

The research method is descriptive and analytical and based on library, documentary and field studies. The statistical population of the study is 403 experts in the field of land management in Sistan region. Using the Cochran's formula, 200 people were selected as the sample size. Also, SPSS software and Fuzzy Mamdani model were used to analyze the data. Geographical area of research: According to the latest divisions of the country, Sistan region has 5 cities (Zabol, Zahak, Helmand, Nimroz and Hamoon), with the center of cities (Zabol, Zahak, Dost Mohammad, Mohammadabad and Adimi).

The results of Spearman correlation test indicate the fit between the items of sustainable development and the principles of Land use planning. Also, the results of one-sample t-test in order to determine the importance of each of the economic, social, environmental, managerial and executive, institutional dimensions, with the mean value obtained above the average of the number (3) in all items, show the great importance of each It is one of the items of sustainable development with emphasis on Land use planning in the cities of Sistan region. The results of ranking the dimensions of sustainable development with emphasis on Land use planning in the cities of Sistan using the Mamdani fuzzy model showed, In economic, managerial and executive dimensions, for all cities (Zabol, Zahak, Mohammadabad, Adimi, Dost Mohammad), the intermediate to unfavorable, In the social and institutional dimension, all cities of Sistan region except Zabol city with the amount of weights obtained (0.60), (0.61), have an intermediate level of undesirable. In the environmental and ecological dimension, for all cities of Sistan region except Dost Mohammad city with a weight of(0.53),shows an intermediate to favorable level.

The final results showed that the indicators and dimensions of sustainable development of Sistan cities have not been affected by principles of Land use planning. Therefore, it requires the relevant organizations in the field of management and planning to include the principles of Land use planning in regional development plans.

At the moment, the approach that is applied as the most effective, least costly and sustainable management style, introduces good urban governance in city management. A good urban governance pattern can be a new theory in response to new expectations and responsibilities, which can pave the way from the current state of affairs and a way to provide better public services for citizens. The purpose of this study is to study the existing situation in the city of Gorgan from the point of view of desirable governance indicators and in terms of urban sustainability. The research method was descriptive-analytic, which uses library-documentary materials, questionnaires and survey areas to collect the required information. The sample size in this research is 382 citizens of the neighbourhoods of the city of Gorgan (Mina gol, Qala Hassan, Gorganpars, Afsaran, Sar khajah, Mikhche garan, Ghazagh mahale, Golha and Villa shahr). The data analysis method has been used by descriptive and inferential statistics and using spss-Excel and GIS software to analyze the views of citizens. The tests used in this study were parametric tests (One-Sample T Test, ANOVA and PERSON) and non-parametric tests such as (Binomial, Kruskal-Wallis test). The results of the research show that the status of governance indicators in all neighborhoods (areas of Gorgan city) is in an unfavorable situation from the point of view of the citizens, and also in an unstable situation in terms of urban stability. According to the Kruskal Wallis test, there is no difference except for the participation index, which is the same in all localities, and other studied indicators are significant, which indicates the existence of differences and non-uniformity of the studied indicators in the localities. Among all neighborhoods, the studied indicators of Qala Hassan neighborhood have a lower rank compared to other neighborhoods. According to the Pearson test, there is no significant relationship between the optimal urban governance approach and urban sustainability. The reason for that is the low status of urban governance and urban sustainability indicators.

In order to establish order and balance in the hierarchy of the urban space system, as well as following the macro and regional policies for the development of human settlements, every year in our country, villages become cities. The policy of turning the village into a city leads to many changes and developments in the field of new urban space and sometimes brings with it many problems and issues. The inhabitants of these residential spaces are the most indigenous and local strata who are aware of the effects of this policy. Therefore, examining the effects of the policy of turning the village into a city from their point of view is an important step in criticizing and examining this macro policy in our country. The purpose of the present quantitative and applied study, which has been done by descriptive-analytical method, is to study and analyze the effects of the policy of converting rural areas to cities from the perspective of Shahoo Rurban residents (located in Ravansar Township and Kermanshah province). The statistical population of the study consists of 1049 heads of households, of which 150 are considered as a statistical sample. The main tool for collecting field data is a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity (formality) and reliability have been reviewed and confirmed. The results show that the level of residents' satisfaction with the policy of converting the village to the city with an average of 3.33 is above average. However, the results of the study of the effects of rural-urban transformation policy based on the main dimensions of sustainable urban development using the Wilcoxon test show the average rank calculated for the dimensions of social, cultural, economic and environmental-physical development in the pre-urbanization stage. 59.29, 48.82 and 13, respectively, which were changed to 55.38, 42.83 and 55.18, respectively. In fact, the results indicate the success of the policy of transforming the village into a city in the environmental-physical dimension and its failure in social, cultural and economic dimensions.

This study is aimed at investigating and formulating strategies for the ecological restoration of the Khoshk River in Shiraz in the framework of sustainable urban development with a focus on flood management. Using an exploratory-correlative research method and library data, the most relevant literatures are reviewed and analyzed based on reliable historical documents, field observations, and remote sensing. These generates a theoretical model which identifies the effective ecological components and related strategies for urban river ecosystem restoration according to sustainable urban development framework. The model draws four stages of restoration including: river survey, strategy formulation, strategy implementation, , and monitoring and evaluation. The ecological components and sustainable urban development framework form a process-based structure that enables the assessment of the ecological conditions of the Khoshk River with emphasis on flood management to restore the river system. Effective strategies for the ecological restoration of the Khoshk River include integrated catchment management in the Shiraz basin, protection and restoration of its ecological habitat, preventing the transfer of pollution from sewage and urban runoff into the streambed, filtering pollutants naturally with phytoremediation, implementing water harvesting schemes, controlling river flow rate, restoring river morphology in particularly usable areas in the southern and south-eastern regions of Shiraz. In addition, conducting other measures such as enhancing ecological flow systems, storing water in various locations in the green-blue corridors of the Shiraz Khosh(dried)River, and unleashing the entire riverbed from it asphalt side roads, as well as developing regulations and land-use restrictions for river buffer zones are essential actions in mitigating and management if urban flood risks and intensity.

Cities as a suitable place and urbanization as a desirable way of life are considered to be one of the most important centers of development. Meanwhile, cultural traditions as an important category in sustainable urban development with the penetration and influence of capitalist culture in the third world, including Iran, have caused heterogeneous urban concentration and accelerated urban growth. In order to solve the upcoming challenges, several viewpoints have been formulated in order to achieve sustainability; One of the newest and most successful approaches is the Peaceful City movement, which was created as a cultural movement to increase the quality of life and reduce speed in cities. Based on this, the current research has been compiled with the aim of investigating the role of cultural traditions on the sustainable development of Ardabil city with the approach of Aram city, for future planning. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. The data required for this study have been collected through field and documentary methods. The statistical population of the research corresponds to the 5 regions of Ardabil city. To rank the 5 regions of Ardabil city in terms of Shahr Aram indicators, Vicor's multi-criteria decision making model was used in the Excel environment. Shannon's entropy model has also been used to weight the indicators. The findings of the research indicate that the average of the indicators was below the average, so that except for the infrastructure index, the average of all the indicators was less than 3. The results obtained from the implementation of the Vicor model also show that the highest rank belongs to region two and the lowest rank belongs to region one.