tourism

Heritage concepts with an emphasis on identity reflect the material and non-material lives of societies. Therefore, expanding the scope of tourism, as a field of study, reflects an increasing role in the protection of heritage in parallel with the documentation of museums. In the meantime, the tourism industry's development in the heritage field and economic growth are concerned with protecting cultural resources.

Thus, investigating the synergy of the tourism industry and intangible heritage will prevent the orientation of passive criteria. Therefore, the present study, to answer the question "What is the synergy effect of intangible heritage and tourism industry on sustainable development?", extracted the development criteria in the House of Museums of the World Heritage Protected Area of Tabriz Historical Bazaar, to explain the insights in acknowledging the relationship between these two articles, from library studies and historical documents approved by experts and specialists of the Cultural Heritage Organization of West Azerbaijan Province. Also, in terms of answering the question "How important are the tourists' experiences of the Tabriz Museum House in the development of tourism?", to measure the visitors' satisfaction with the quality of the infrastructure and resources available in the 8 houses of the museum in the historical area of the case study, structured questionnaires were distributed among 78 tourists on a five-point Likert scale.

In the integration of the extracted components and analysis of SPSS software with T-test, it was found that if the managers and stakeholders in the field of cultural heritage have a combined attitude towards the synergistic categories of tourism industry and intangible heritage, the procedure of conservation and transfer of intangible cultural heritage in the houses of museums in the study area will be improved.

The coronavirus pandemic has brought many challenges to countries around the world, and the tourism industry has not been left out. To address these challenges in the tourism industry, recovery and adaptation measures are a topic that requires more attention. The aim of the present study is to examine the measures to revive and recover urban and rural tourism in the post-corona era. The present study is applied in terms of its purpose and its method is mixed (qualitative and quantitative). The data and information collection tool is exploratory and in-depth interviews. The statistical population of the study is experts and specialists in the field of tourism, who conducted 50 in-depth interviews using non-probability sampling and purposefully. The qualitative method of grand theory, Strauss and Corbin method, was used to analyze the information. According to the experts, 32 concepts were identified for the revival and recovery of urban and rural tourism in the post-corona era; of these 32 indicators, 6 indicators were related to rural tourism, 6 measures to urban tourism, and 20 indicators to tourism of both urban and rural destinations. The effect of 2 indicators was also described as insignificant. The results showed that; compensation for tourism losses, prevention and control of the coronavirus pandemic, smart tourism, tax exemption and subsidy, revival of the tourism market, construction of quality tourism places, safety of accommodation and hospitality, improvement of health facilities, ensuring the safety of international tourism, restoring the trust of travelers, providing clear information to travelers, strengthening cooperation within and between countries, are the most important measures for the revival and recovery of urban and rural tourism. The results of this research can also be used to revive and recover urban and rural tourism in the post-corona era in other parts of the country.

Cultural-heritage tourism is important in representing the identity of its society as a distinctive aspect of the culture of any society. Visitors' dissatisfaction with the infrastructure disrupts the nature of the heritage. Therefore, paying attention to the category of tourism infrastructure to promote awareness, provides one of the effective grounds for the development of cultural-heritage tourism. The Takht-e-Soleiman World Heritage Complex welcomes domestic and foreign tourists every year due to its luxurious capital located in the city of Takab in West Azerbaijan province, but it is centralized in terms of the quality of tourism infrastructure.

The present study seeks to answer the question "What are the indicators of the quality of infrastructure in the field of heritage cultural tourism?" It deals with the role of infrastructure. Also, the answer to the question "From the tourists' point of view, what is the quality status of each of the cultural-heritage tourism infrastructures in the Takht-e-Soleiman World Heritage Area?" was investigated in explaining the achievement of the principles of tourism development in this valuable complex. The research method was analyzed as a mixed (qualitative-quantitative) applied type using structured questions in a five-point Likert format in SPSS software and 57 internal and external variables of 7 levels were identified to investigate the problems in the quality of infrastructure.

The results showed that most of the points of collision and interference happened in the marginal parking area of ​​commercial-service uses and with the area of ​​influence from the whole city that has not even provided the minimum parking area specified in the approved detailed plan of this city. Therefore, for any request for creation, development, or change of land use, its traffic impacts must be checked in addition to complying with the established principles and criteria.

Historical sites and buildings are considered to be among the most important urban spaces that can play a significant role in sustainable urban development. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to investigate the factors affecting the role of historical buildings in urban tourism.

To collect data, library resources were used to write an introduction and semi-structured interviews were conducted in two stages to achieve research indicators. In the first interview, the experts were asked to introduce the main actors and important goals related to the research objective. In the next stage, after forming the actor-actor matrix and the actor-goal matrix, they were provided to the experts and they were asked to complete the aforementioned matrices according to the guidelines. After collecting data related to the actors and targets affecting the research objective, actor-actor and actor-target matrices were formed and then provided to the experts in Word format. They were asked to indicate the actors' effects on each other with the numbers 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4, where 0 indicates no effect and 4 indicates the most effect. Then, they were asked to indicate the actors' level of agreement and disagreement with the goals through the numbers 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, -1, -2, -3, and -4, where 0 indicates no opinion, 4 indicates the most agreement, and -4 indicates the most disagreement. After entering the experts' opinions into the MACTOR software, analyses related to the desired topics, such as the most influential actors and other required items, were conducted, and the results obtained were used in the present study.

The results showed that the Cultural Heritage and Tourism Department and the Islamic City Councils were recognized as the most influential and competitive tourism actors and experts, and tourism and travel service companies were recognized as the most impressive actors. Also, installing advertising banners on historical buildings throughout the city was identified as the most important goal by the actors. In general, it can be stated that decisions made in the Department of Cultural Heritage and Tourism, Islamic City Councils, and municipalities have the greatest impact on the planning process for a better role for historical monuments and sites in urban tourism, as well as the performance of other actors related to the aforementioned process. Therefore, the three mentioned bodies must put specialized decisions on their agenda that are in line with the conditions of the region in question, so that these decisions serve as a bridge of communication and a guide for other actors in carrying out their roles. Also, history experts, archaeologists, urban planners, urban tourism experts, and tourism and travel service companies, as other players in the planning process, must strengthen their connections and make consistent decisions so that these decisions complement each other and prevent obstacles and problems from occurring.

Two platforms are placed at the entrances of houses. Passers-by can use them to rest for a while and the residents of the house can be there during the day to socialize or to be informed about the neighborhood.The vestibule as the first interior space of the house draws a boundary between the outdoor and the indoor. The angle between the door and the hallway hides the indoor from the strangers. The yard is the first space after the vestibule. Aligned with the financial status of the proprietor, the yard can be small or large. However, its structure stays always the same. A shallow pond of water, square or rectangular sits in the middle of the yard surrounded by several small and large gardens. A bed stands out on the pond. The height of the yard wall is between three to five meters or can be more. The house is kept away from wind, dust, cold, heat, noise, and outside view. There are rooms around the yard. They come in different sizes and have a variety of uses. The room facing the sun is for winter and the hallway or room facing the sun is for summer: living room and sitting room or parlor. One has a windshield and maybe a small pond under the windshield. Closets in the corners of the house, whose uses need a separate discussion.The kitchen is generally in a space in the basement where food is stored and equipped with vents that let the smell of food go out.The underground space also has an identity and is used in summer for the storage of materials, clothes, and equipment. Sometimes it shows the path of the aqueduct ( Qanat in Persian) presenting the residents of the house with special tranquility. Qanat water outlet is both a place to supply water to the yard and house and a place to sit and rest.The physical structure of the traditional house is built in the heart of the desert, and the combination and array of its various elements gives its residents a sense of tranquility more than anything else. High and wide walls, unique landscapes of water and plants as well as quiet and cozy spaces seem to be deliberately designed to be a source of comfort. House is a peaceful environment and its components are peaceful.The space serves the peace of the people of the house, and for this reason, the house is designed to be a spot to unwind and experience matchless tranquility. The space requires people to talk more quietly and there is less movement between parts. The people of the desert have always been away from the hustle and bustle of life. That justifies such an alignment. Time even seems to move more slowly to maintain serenity.Interestingly, renovated houses can evoke the same feeling in visitors. The rare silence, the smell of clay and water and plants, the color of the wall and the door, and nature, give a different feeling and mood to tourists who have reached a house amidst the hustle and bustle of the city, where peace is a part of its identity. Those hotels and guesthouses that have been able to preserve this element in the renovation are favored by tourists.The landscape approach demands that this identity be prioritized and scrutinized from different angles. It should be determined what amalgamation of elements has caused this meaningful image and how this identity has affected other functions of the house in the sense of home. A meaningful identity that has not been lost after years, even in the physical reconstruction, but it has attracted more attention in contrast to the busy current society, and the fast rhythm of life.

Contemporary urban planning in many developed cities faces challenges in fostering children's social development. For the sustainable development of Bandar Abbas, it is crucial to consider the creation of urban environments that facilitate and encourage children's social interaction. The child tourist is an inspiration to the world of tourism, a missing link that has received less attention. Tourism, by exposing children to experiences beyond their everyday lives, offers significant opportunities for cognitive development, fostering learning and potentially exceeding the educational impact of parental guidance. These novel experiences can have profound and lasting effects on a child's understanding of the world. The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the indicators of tourism development in regional development with an emphasis on a child-friendly environment, a case study of the city of Bandar Abbas. The research method is descriptive-analytical. The statistical population of this study is 200 seventh-grade students (first secondary school in Bandar Abbas), one hundred of whom are girls and one hundred of whom are boys. For descriptive and inferential analysis of the data, the T-Test statistical test was used in SPSS software. The results of the T-test indicated the significance of the indicators of fatalism, social trust, and cultural capital in social mobility. This study's findings indicate a strong correlation between the future of tourism and the well-being of future generations, particularly children. Furthermore, the trend toward smaller family units underscores the increasing importance of addressing children's needs and preferences within the tourism sector. From the perspective of the statistical population, that is, children, most of the studied variables are significant. Among the tourist destinations, the sea is the priority. Tourism in desert areas is lower than the average. Regarding travel vehicles, the tendency to use buses is not approved, but personal and public vehicles such as trains and aeroplanes are approved. Regarding the season for traveling, spring is the most popular of all seasons, however, winter is not very popular. Regarding the safety and security index, having health services and related equipment and proximity to treatment centers and medical emergencies was more important than other variables and of great importance for planning tourist areas.

Despite the value of cultural heritage and its role in facilitating cultural exchanges within the host society through tourism, the complexities inherent in the architectural dimensions, compared to other forms and products of heritage tourism, result in fewer tourists being able to fully engage with its cultural values, particularly its aesthetic perception. According to Bourdieu’s framework, cultural capital, as a key component of aesthetic tendencies, refers to the talent and ability of individuals to comprehend and evaluate artworks. This study aims to validate Bourdieu’s theory within the context of heritage tourism (architectural tourism), a subset of cultural tourism focused on cultural exchanges with the host society. It examines how the dimensions of cultural capital influence the levels of aesthetic perception of heritage (architectural) works. The research adopts a quantitative approach, utilizing a correlation method, which, due to its nature, integrates both quantitative and qualitative strategies. In the theoretical section, a qualitative content analysis method was employed to identify the dimensions of cultural capital and the levels of aesthetic perception in architecture, based on Bourdieu’s framework supported by library resources. In the field research section, a questionnaire was administered to explore the relationship between cultural capital and aesthetic perceptions of heritage (architectural) works, following the indicators outlined in the theoretical framework. The data collected from the questionnaires were analyzed using structural equation modeling (PLS). The statistical population included tourists visiting the Blue Mosque of Tabriz, with a sample size of 140. To ensure the adequacy of the sampling, the KMO and Bartlett’s tests were employed. The goodness of fit index was used to assess the measurement model, including factor loadings, validity, and reliability of the variables, as well as the structural model, incorporating the path coefficient, effect size, and mean and standard deviation. The findings reveal a positive (direct) and relatively strong relationship between cultural capital and aesthetic perception. The significant and positive effect of cultural capital on social aesthetics (higher levels) and the significant and negative effect of cultural capital on formal aesthetics (lower levels) confirms the hierarchical nature of aesthetic perception. Furthermore, the variable of embodied and institutionalized cultural capital exhibits an insignificant and positive effect on aesthetic perception, while objectified cultural capital demonstrates a significant and negative effect on aesthetic perception.

Countries see tourism as one of the most significant sources of foreign income. The phenomenon entails such significant issues as predicting needs and attracting current and future tourists’ satisfaction, so that it has made activists of this field seriously compete each other. Due to the significance of tourism and the role that it has played in economic and socio-cultural development over the history, regional and national managers and officials endeavor to make plans for expanding this industry. Moreover, researchers emphasize the significance of examining those factors that may exert an influence on the obstacles to tourism development planning and taking most advantages of the industry towards improving the economy of their own communities. It is noteworthy that some of these factors and obstacles are related to the nature of competitive market and consumers’ demands and yet some others are related to the generation of a desirable environment for customers and employees of tourism services. Therefore, it is totally necessary to explore the obstacles to tourism development in order to identify and categorize them.Holding precious historical background and hundreds of historical monuments and tourism attractions, Kerman province is considered one of tourism hubs of Iran. However, the development of tourism industry in Kerman is not corresponded with its potentials. Some previous research confirm this claim. Considering the above-mentioned issues, this study endeavored to identify and prioritize the ideas of experts of the public and private sectors of Kerman province in the field of tourism regarding the obstacles to its development. Therefore, relying on theoretical foundations and taking the perspective of experts in the public and private sectors of Kerman province, this study tried to see the tourism development obstacles in Kerman province and how experts prioritize these obstacles.

The data collection of this applied and descriptive study was done in late 2021 and early 2022 through a questionnaire. Analytic Hierarchy Process  (AHP) was applied to prioritize the key obstacles and the subset of each of the main factors. The statistical population consists of experts, specialists, and senior managers of the public and private sectors active in the tourism industry of Kerman province, as well as the faculty members of Kerman University who were professional in the subject matter. Due to the limited number of members of the mentioned community, the sample was determined to include all members of the statistical population (i.e., 42 people). The questionnaires were delivered in person to all participants (42 experts). Moreover, Expert Choice software was used to prioritize the obstacles and hierarchical analysis of the obtained data.

Reviewing the previous studies on the obstacles to tourism development, as well as considering the characteristics and capabilities of the studied area, some obstacles to the tourism development of Kerman province were mentioned by experts of the private and public sectors. At the first stage, the most significant obstacles to tourism development were identified using theoretical foundations. They were classified in four general categories, including infrastructure obstacles, marketing obstacles, socio-cultural obstacles, and managerial and structural obstacles. Twenty sub-criteria were identified for these obstacles. Then, the hierarchy of decision tree was designed. At the next stage, using the opinion of experts and applying the hierarchical analysis process method, the data on the obstacles to tourism development of Kerman province were prioritized.

From the experts’ perspective, the mentioned obstacles are prioritized in the following order: infrastructure obstacles (with a weight of 0.297), marketing obstacles (with a weight of 0.257), socio-cultural obstacles (with a weight of 0.235), and managerial-structural obstacles (with a weight of 0.214). Weak hotel and restaurant services (with a weight of 0.175) holds the first rank among the sub-criteria followed by insufficient use of the potential of provincial broadcasting for introducing the tourism attractions of this province (with a weight of 0.105), and unawareness of the public of the benefits of tourism (with a weight of 0.091). In line with the first rank of infrastructure obstacles to tourism development, the researchers’ observations showed that such issues as infrastructure deficiencies like suitable urban and midway accommodations and weakness of the transportation system, are not only significant factors increasing the dissatisfaction of tourists who visit Kerman, but also one of the major causes of unwillingness of Iran’s major tourism agencies to send tourists to this province. Given that Kerman province is the largest province of Iran in terms of the land and there are great distances between the cities, access to tourism attractions requires providing extensive accommodation and travel facilities. Considering the results, this study offer some suggestions for further research. First, doing a similar research in other regions of Iran and taking the opinions of more experts in a collaborative decision-making environment. Second, examining the factors that can have a mediating or moderating role on tourism development, including macro-economic factors like inflation. Third, conducting a sociological study, investigating sustainable tourism development in this province. It is noteworthy that the results of this study have been affected by some limitations: A) the limited number of experts and specialists for the survey; B) the difficulty of completing the AHP questionnaire, which despite the detailed instructions, some of respondents had problems. However, to solve the problem more and necessary explanations were provided.

Tourism is the third-largest industry in the world, and its interaction with the environment has exacerbated environmental issues in tourist villages, such as soil degradation, pollution, land use changes, and rising land prices. Given the close connection between villages and nature, the need to protect the environment is evident. Environmental challenges are among the social issues that are tangible and measurable. This research aims to examine the positive and negative environmental effects of tourism in the village of the historical city of Radkan. The study is descriptive, analytical, and applied in purpose, utilizing a survey-based approach through a researcher-made questionnaire designed on a Likert scale. The statistical population consisted of 300 individuals, selected as the sample size using Cochran’s formula. Data analysis was performed using the SPSS software, while GIS software was employed to prepare maps. Since the indicators lacked a normal distribution, the one-sample Wilcoxon test was used for analysis. The results indicated that factors such as environmental pollution and land use changes are among the negative impacts of tourism in Radkan villages, with responses significantly deviating from the neutral value of 3, highlighting the destructive effects of these factors. Conversely, factors such as the sanitary collection of garbage and waste and the protection of nature and the surrounding environment were rated positively, with medians higher than 3, reflecting their beneficial effects as perceived by respondents. Using the Friedman non-parametric test, the ranking of environmental factors showed that “natural landscapes,” “clean air,” and “agricultural and historical attractions” were recognized as the most important positive environmental factors of tourism. Based on these findings, practical recommendations are provided to mitigate negative effects and enhance positive outcomes.

This study aimed to investigate the key factors influencing the development of tourism in Al Muthanna Province based on sustainable development principles. The research is framed within the context of survey research. The statistical population included the experts, managers, and specialists in the urban tourism sector working in Al Muthanna Province, Iraq. A purposive sampling method was used to select 20 participants for the study. It is important to note that the content validity ratio (CVR) method was used to assess the validity of the ISM questionnaire. The results of the ISM model analysis revealed that factors such as improving the transportation system and communication infrastructure, developing amenities, enhancing the quality of services and infrastructure, and increasing social security are key dependent or influencing variables. These factors are themselves influenced by many other factors and have limited capacity to serve as the foundation for other variables. Variables such as investing in the development and modernization of information technology infrastructure, removing cultural and religious restrictions for foreign tourists, and creating leisure and entertainment centers are among the linked variables that possess high influence and power. The factors of international presence through advertising, attracting foreign investment for tourism development, and formulating short-term, medium-term, and long-term plans to increase public security are key independent variables with high influence but lower dependence.

The purpose of this research is to investigate the role of historical contexts in the tourism development of Gamishan city and to identify the challenges facing it. The scope of the study includes the historical contexts of this city and our statistical community, local residents, tourism managers, and tourists. The research sample consists of 150 people who will be selected using random sampling method. In this research, a mixed method (qualitative and quantitative) is used, and the research tools include questionnaires designed to collect statistical data and semi-structured interviews with tourism experts and experts. The innovation of this research is in the integration of historical and cultural aspects with the development of sustainable tourism in the region and providing operational solutions to improve tourist attraction. The results show that the historical contexts not only act as a source of attraction for tourists, but also, if properly managed, can contribute to the economic and social development of the region. Also, challenges such as the negative effects of tourism on the local community and the deterioration of cultural heritage have also been identified. These cases require comprehensive management and empowerment of local communities to lead to the preservation and optimal exploitation of this historical heritage.

The use of ecotourism as an approach in urban tourism for sustainable development with an emphasis on environmental protection, tourist education, assistance to the local economy and citizen participation. Although the use of this approach shows contradictions within itself, the necessity of reducing the negative effects of tourism has caused attention to it in various scientific and practical dimensions.

The research method is qualitative and based on the seven-step metacombination method of Sandelowski, Barroso& Voils, which was carried out using Maxqda software.

The research method is qualitative and based on the seven-step metacombination method of Sandelowski, Barroso & Voils, which was carried out using Maxqda software.

The research results indicate that having an ecotourism approach in urban tourism in physical, managerial, cultural, social, economic and environmental categories helps the sustainability of cities.

The sustainable development of rural tourism is a multifaceted and very important phenomenon. Today, most countries are trying to use the capacity and potential of rural areas to create sustainable development of rural tourism. However, this category has different contexts and approaches, and different factors play a role. The main goal of the current research is to identify and explain multiple functional and non-functional factors in the sustainable development of rural tourism in the villages of Sarein, which has been investigated using a mixed method. The approach used in this research is a partially mixed sequential dominant status design, which takes place in two qualitative-qualitative phases. In the first phase, using the scope review qualitative method, relevant indicators have been identified and counted from related studies, and in the second phase, using the Delphi qualitative method, multiple functional and non-functional roles in the field of sustainable development of rural tourism have been explained from the perspective of experts have become. Based on the research findings, 17 related internal and external studies were identified in the first phase, and their confirmation indicators were extracted using the scope method. In the second phase, by holding three consecutive Delphi rounds, 12 experts categorized functional and non-functional indicators into six components and 81 indicators. According to the present research results, the sustainable development of rural tourism in Sarein is due to various causes and factors, each of which has multiple impacts and impressions. Rural tourism, as a huge and rich potential in various fields, has a developmental and reconstructive role in the villages of Sarein, and paying attention to its functional components can bring all-round rural development and progress and adopting measures for management and control of non-functional components also prevent other harms and threats.

Climate and weather are major factors in the development of the tourism industry and have significant impact on the decision-making process of tourists. One of the most important needs of tourists is the awareness of the climate and the convenient times for tourism. Therefore, it is necessary to identify and pay attention to environmental features such as travel time based on climatic data in cities. The purpose of this study was to investigate the status of urban tourism climate in West Azerbaijan province using Holiday Climate Index (HCI). At first, daily meteorological data of 8 major cities in the province were collected for a ten years period (2008-2017) and after data processing and database preparation, the HCI values were calculated daily and monthly. The results showed that Mahabad with 197 days has the highest number of comfortable days in this province. Khoy with 192 days, Salmas with 182 days, Urmia and Piranshahr with 181 days, Sardasht with 171 days, Takab with 164 days and Maku with 155 days are next. in these days, there are ideal conditions for recreation and tourism. May and September are also the best months for tourism activities in West Azerbaijan province.

The aim of this research was to identify the factors influencing the role of performance management in the supply chain of sports tourism services. The study employed a qualitative applied research method with thematic analysis. The statistical population consisted of sports management professors, tourism and sports tourism professors, managers of travel agencies, experienced managers from the Ministry of Sports and Youth, and doctoral researchers in sports management and tourism. The sample was selected using purposeful and snowball sampling methods. The research instrument was a semi-structured interview conducted with 20 experts, continuing until theoretical saturation was achieved. The validity of the research was confirmed by the relevant experts, and the reliability was calculated at 83% using the intra-coder agreement method. The findings revealed that the factors affecting performance management of sports tourism services were categorized into 58 key points, 12 initial codes, 5 concepts, and 2 main categories. Accordingly, performance capability and performance agility were identified as two key factors in improving the performance of sports tourism services, significantly impacting the enhancement of service quality and tourist satisfaction. These factors contribute to improving efficiency, ensuring quick responses to market changes and needs, and providing timely and high-quality services. Ultimately, this leads to strengthening the competitiveness of sports tourism organizations and creating a positive experience for sports tourists.

The current research seeks to identify e-tourism strategies in the post-corona era by using the competitive intelligence approach (case study: leisure tourism sector of Kish Island). This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of research method. The statistical population of this research was the owners of recreational tourism businesses in Kish Island as well as tourists who use recreational tourism services. These people were selected through purposeful and snowball sampling. A questionnaire was used to collect data related to theoretical foundations and to extract primary factors and indicators from the interview method, library and internet sources, and to collect the information and data needed to check the opinion of experts. In order to check the indicators, the average answer test was used. The research findings show that in the evaluation of external factors, the score of threats (386) is higher than the score of opportunities (195), and in the evaluation of internal factors, the score of strengths (327) is higher than the score of weaknesses (182); Therefore, the results indicate that in the evaluation of external factors, the points of threat outweigh the opportunities and in the evaluation of the internal factors, the strengths prevail over the weaknesses, and also the results of the interviews are on the same side as the results of the questionnaire; Therefore, it can be said that in formulating strategies,

Several factors contribute to the development of tourism in a region, among which climate is one of the most significant. Climate acts as a key driver or deterrent for tourism in any given area. This study aims to compare the results of two models, TCI (Tourism Climate Index) and UTCI (Universal Thermal Climate Index), and to provide a climate zoning analysis for comfort and discomfort in various locations across the provinces of Ardabil, West Azerbaijan, and East Azerbaijan on a monthly and seasonal scale.

Methods and Material: 

In this research, based on the thermal thresholds of the TCI and UTCI indices, a bioclimatic atlas for the provinces of Ardabil, West Azerbaijan, and East Azerbaijan was developed on a monthly and seasonal basis, and the results were compared. The UTCI index was calculated using RayMan and Bioklima software. The data were interpolated using the Kriging method in ArcGIS, and the corresponding maps were created.

According to the results of the TCI index, the months of May, June, July, August, and September generally show favorable conditions across all stations, except for Parsabad in September, Mianeh and Khoy in August and July, Kaleybar in May, and Jolfa in June, which exhibit less favorable conditions. The seasonal analysis indicates that most stations in spring and summer are suitable, except for Parsabad in summer, Kaleybar in spring, and Jolfa and Khoy in summer, where conditions are less favorable. The results of the UTCI index reveal that, during May, June, July, August, and September, all stations exhibit favorable conditions except Parsabad and Sahand in May, which display less favorable conditions. In the seasonal analysis, all stations show suitable conditions in spring and summer, except for Sahand in spring. Based on the results, due to the mountainous nature of the studied provinces and the presence of snow and winter conditions conducive to winter tourism, planning can be undertaken to promote winter tourism, considering the months with more favorable numerical index values.

Cities are among the important tourist destinations, attracting tourists from nearby regions every year. In addition to tourist attractions, facilities, equipment, and service facilities are essential factors in developing the tourism industry. Hamedan is considered one of the most important tourist destinations in the country due to its thousands of years of history and various tourist attractions. For this reason, this research investigates the mediating role of tourists' experiences in the influence of tourist destinations' infrastructures on the behavioral tendencies of tourists in Hamadan city. SPSS 24 and Smart PLS 2 software were used to analyze the research data. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to measure the relationship between the indicators of the designed model and the main components of the model. The results of intellectual factor load coefficient (0.88), word of mouth (0.87), desire to visit again (0.86), hard infrastructure (0.86), sensory (0.84), educational (82. 0), emotional (0.81), and soft infrastructure (0.71) were calculated; all of which are higher than the minimum figure (0.4), and indicate the appropriate explanation of the underlying variables by the dimensions and indicators used. Obtaining coefficients of determination (0.435) and (0.709) by the variables of tourists' experiences and behavioral tendencies shows the strong prediction of the endogenous variables by the exogenous variables of the model. In fact, tourists' behavioral tendencies result from the evaluation of city services, facilities, and equipment, and this feeling of satisfaction is formed from the tourist's overall perception of comfort, health, and safety facilities.

In order to attract more tourists and travel again to Bandar Abbasbeach, the present quantitative research, conducted by a descriptive-analytic method, aims to assess the satisfaction of tourists with the facilities and services provided to them andidentify the most important problems in tourism development in Bandar Abbasbeach, as well as determine the most significant strategies for the tourism development in this area from tourists’perspectives. The research statistical population consisted of all tourists of Bandar Abbasbeach. Using Cochran formula, 384 participants were considered as a statistical sample and they were randomly questioned. The research results showed that although more than 50% of tourists held university education, more than 40% of them had a five-day stay in mind, the their degree ofsatisfaction with facilities and services provided for them was 2.817 which is below the moderate level.The research results regarding the most important challenges to the facilities and services offered to tourists in the study area showed that 5 identified basic challenges could explain 71.78% of variance of the research dependent variable. The identified challenges are the following: Welfare infrastructure services (17.45), health (16.51), management supervision (16.16), security (12.88), and legal services (8.71). Moreover,