فراترکیب

Globalization has led to the fact that today, in addition to playing a role locally, cities also expand political, economic, cultural, and international relations. With the continuation of globalization, the management of international relations of cities has emerged in the network of global cities in the form of city diplomacy. Considering its privileged position in the Middle East and Asia, Iran has a lot of capacity to activate diplomacy in its cities. From this point of view, the current research aims to identify and categorize authentic scientific research articles (ranked) by the Ministry of Science, master’s theses, doctoral theses, and authentic authored and translated books in the field of city diplomacy in Iran

This research investigated the studies conducted in the last ten years using a meta-synthesis (systematic) method. By understanding the approaches and nature of each one, he investigated the structure of scientific works, including methodology, indicators, method of data collection and analysis, and the results obtained to find the positive aspects and gaps. Analyze research. First, by searching for the keyword “city diplomacy” in reliable scientific databases (Magiran, Civilica, Jihad University Scientific Information, Google Scholar, and Samaneh Ganj Irandak), scientific works that had the word “city diplomacy” in their main titles were collected. Then, the initial review of articles and theses and limiting them to the valid scientific-research articles of the Ministry of Science, as well as the valid theses and theses of state universities, and their coding was undertaken. The inclusion criteria of the studies included conducting research and publishing the research in the Farsi language and in the form of full text. Among all the studies, 30 studies were selected due to meeting the inclusion criteria. A total of 19 scientific research articles, five master’s thesis titles, one doctoral thesis title, three authored book titles, and finally, three translated book titles were published in the period of April 2013 to March 2014 related to city diplomacy

The findings of the research show that the weakness of studies in the field of city diplomacy in Iran in the early 90s is quite evident, which has gradually increased the quality of articles, especially in recent years. The cities of Tehran, Mashhad, and Shiraz, respectively, have the largest number of research works in the field of city diplomacy. In relation to the specialized areas of works published in the field of city diplomacy in Iran, it can be said that the most published works are related to experts in the fields of political science, urban planning, geography, and urban planning. The most important dimensions of city diplomacy investigated by the researchers in Iran include seven dimensions of urban economy: urban culture, urban development, urban security, urban representation, urban networks, and finally, urban research. Also, the other findings of the research indicate that in relation to the nature of the research under review, the frequency of applied research is more compared to basic research, while the research review, especially in the last 5 years, indicates a growing trend of fundamental research in the field of city diplomacy in Iran. Of course, it should be pointed out that from the sum of the analyses carried out in a documentary and meta-synthesis way, it appears that despite the importance of city diplomacy in Iran as one of the most basic tools of decentralization in the management of the international sphere, and on the other hand, as one of the main factors of national and transnational development, the weakness of studies in this field is very tangible, in such a way that the largest number of researches conducted in this field is in the period of 1402-1396. This is even though very few scientific works in this field were able to be reviewed before that. The lack of a publication that is specific to studies in the field of city diplomacy in Iran is very evident. The interdisciplinary capability of the concept of “city diplomacy” has made it possible to use experts in various fields of humanities in studies related to city diplomacy. From this point of view, it is necessary for thinkers related to the field of city diplomacy in Iran to work hard in order to establish a special publication with concepts related to city diplomacy. The results show that in terms of geographical distribution, Tehran province (Tehran metropolis) is in first place, followed by Khorasan Razavi (Mashhad metropolis) and Fars (Shiraz metropolis), respectively, ranked second and third. It seems that one of the main reasons for researchers’ interest in conducting research in the field of city diplomacy in the mentioned metropolises is the significant number of sister cities and also the image of their desired destination, which, as a result, leads to the strengthening of relations in the fields that are different from other cities in the world.

The results of this research show that there are many advantages for Iranian cities, especially big cities, to enter the field of city diplomacy actively and within the reasonable demands of the national government, but one of the main reasons for the inefficiency of the city diplomacy system in Iran, especially in big cities, is a lack of independence in decisions by the local government (big cities); in such a way that all the decisions in this field are completely dependent on the international relations (foreign policy) of the national (central) government. On the other hand, there are legal gaps in the field of city diplomacy in Iran, and the lack of sufficient power to delegate sufficient powers to urban management to facilitate the management of communication between international cities is quite evident. In general, city diplomacy in Iran has not been able to use all its potential capacities as it should, and as a result, it has led to the weakening of city diplomacy in the country.

In the digital era, users and customers can affect a brand and its different dimensions by creating various contents on social media. One of such effects is brand loyalty. This study aims to develop a model for brand loyalty through user-generated content on social media by analyzing whether such contents can influence other users to become loyal to a brand. For this purpose, research synthesis methods were employed to review the research literature and extract important factors. The extracted factors included user-generated content, word-of-mouth advertising, brand identity, brand association, brand image, brand equity, competitive advantage, brand trust, customer satisfaction, and brand loyalty. The interpretive structural modeling (ISM) expertise method was then adopted to analyze the relationships between factors and extract a model for the effects of user-generated content on brand loyalty. According to the research findings, some suggestions and insights were made for marketing managers of companies to benefit from the research results. JEL Classification: M15 , M31 , L82 , N30.

In recent years, environmental challenges related to climate change and air pollution have increasingly raised national and international concerns. For this purpose, different countries have adopted mechanisms such as environmental taxes to protect the environment, so this research aims to identify and classify the consequences of environmental taxes from different dimensions. The current study is applied in terms of purpose and meta-synthesis regarding data analysis. In this regard, by referring to the 1209 articles published in reliable domestic and international databases from 2002 to January 2024, 58 articles were identified with the Prisma method; Shannon's entropy has also been used to rank the concepts. In addition, the output of the meta-synthesis method has also been validated using the opinions of 8 experts. The present study of the consequences of environmental tax is presented using Sandelowski and Barroso's seven-step meta-synthesis method. The research findings indicate that 16 concepts and 89 codes for environmental tax consequences were identified. The results also show that in relation to the consequences of environmental tax, emission of climate pollutants, promoting the sustainable development of companies, promoting green development, and reducing economic growth in the short term have the most weight. The findings of the present research can be helpful for legislators and researchers interested in the field of environmental taxation, as they can gain a comprehensive understanding of the consequences of environmental taxation and measure the importance of each of these consequences

As a significant component of the global economy, the tourism industry has seen substantial growth in recent years. Iran, a country with great tourism potential, stands to benefit from this industry in terms of economic development. However, there has been a lack of focus on performance metrics in the hotel sector, which plays a crucial role in the tourism industry. This study aims to identify financial indicators that can improve hotel performance and help managers make informed decisions. Through a structural-interpretive model, this research explores the impact of various economic indicators on the hotel industry in Yazd province, Iran. Data was collected from hotel managers and experts in the field, and indicators were analyzed using the ISM technique. The results highlight the importance of economic indicators, liquidity indicators, debt indexes, risk index, efficiency index, and profitability index in determining hotel performance. It is recommended that hotel managers prioritize economic indicators to ensure overall success and consider further research to enhance financial decision-making in the industry

The Targeted Subsidies Policy (TSP) was implemented as one of the biggest economic reforms in Iran in 2009. However, after more than a decade, it did not achieve all its predetermined goals. Regardless of its positive effects, this research aims to identify and determine the adverse effects of this plan after its implementation, which led to the inefficiency of TSP. This research is based on Sandelowski & Barroso Meta-Synthesis method in which, by searching keywords related to the topic in scientific databases, the relevant researches were found and systematically reviewed. The search results were filtered by reviewing titles, abstracts, and content, and screened articles were evaluated using the CASP tool. Finally, 86 sources were selected and analyzed. By coding and categorizing the articles, nine main categories were identified as disadvantages and negative effects of TSP: negative effects on macroeconomics, negative effects on the production sector, unfair distribution, decreased welfare, failure to save or reduce energy consumption, energy smuggling and corruption, adverse effects on medicine and health, adverse effects on transportation, and adverse environmental effects. The findings can help to structurally reform the current method and prevent the repetition of past mistakes.

Content analysis method has been used to identify economic development variables that affect green city-port cooperation. After finding the research variables, the fuzzy AHP research method has been used for ranking. In order to present the model, after identifying the variables of green cooperation of the port city and financial and economic development, we will use the interpretive structural modeling method. Based on the obtained results, the analysis of variances shows that assuming the variance of the two groups is equal and at the confidence level of 95%, the significance obtained for the averages of the financial development components is smaller than the standard value of 0.05, so between the answers There is a significant difference between the two groups regarding the functional status of factors affecting economic development (institutional environment, financial sector, openness of the economic sector, non-banking economic sector, banking economic sector) in Bushehr port in the studied area. In other words, these factors are far from a favorable situation for economic development for the city-port due to environmental pollution and waste of resources from a favorable situation for green cooperation. According to the total results obtained from the research model, the component ((environmental factors)) is the most infrastructural (fourth level) and the component ((environmental cooperation opportunities and capabilities)) is the most structural (first level) elements of the model. Green cooperation is also the most fundamental component ((institutional environment)) (third level) and the components ((banking economic sector)), ((non-banking economic sector)) and ((openness of the economic sector)) are the most structural (first level) ) has been the constituent elements of the economic development model.

Capital markets which constitute one of most important financial mechanisms of every economy are composed of both private and public dimensions. On the one hand, these markets are private in the sense that private individuals in society can actively engage in trade on them, and on the other, they have a public dimension since they directly affect the overall economic order. The public aspect of these markets, because of its reliance on contracting mechanisms in general, and capital market contracts in particular, brings public security concerns in this field to the fore. The interventions of successive governments in the capital market, privatization policies, financial crises, sanctions as well as, the growing economic knowledge among various social strata, has added new dimensions to the traditional concept of security to include such things as economic security, Legal security, judicial security, etc. The aim of the present study is to present an efficient contracting model for capital markets that is effective in maintaining and promoting economic security. The methodology of the paper proceeds in three stages. It first uses the Meta Composition Method to identify the variables influencing capital market contracts. Subsequently, it draws on the Content Analysis Method to identify the variables that affect the development and maintenance of economic security and presents them via Structural Equations to obtain a quantitative model. Finally, it utilizes the Interpretive Structural Modeling Method to develop a model of the variables influencing capital market contracts, in terms of its development and the maintenance of economic security. The quantitative data was gathered was through interviews with managers and experts with experience in the field of capital market. Based on the results obtained, components such as organizational factors, economic factors, and innovation influence capital market contracts. Furthermore, these three components, in addition to having a mutual effect on one another, are influenced by governance.

Today, according to the increasing trend of environmental changes and developments, organizations and companies need strategic entrepreneurship to respond effectively to their environmental needs; Therefore, different models have been presented for it. The present article is trying to systematically examine the findings of the studies conducted in this regard using the meta-combination method and analyze them based on the formation process and the output achievement. For this purpose, by referring to the authentic documents and documents available on the sites and after reviewing the information of English sources from 2000 to 2019 and Persian from 1380 to 1398, 88 suitable articles were identified from the mass of primary articles. In order to analyze the selected articles, constituent concepts and influential components, the content analysis method was used, and in order to validate the extracted concepts, the Delphi panel method was used with the presence of a number of experts. At the end of the research findings in the form of five components of leadership, attitude, resources, opportunism and innovative learning and ten sub-components of individual characteristics, managerial, organizational, cultural, social, financial, non-financial, path of discovery and creation, exploitation, education and creativity and innovation. And 49 concepts were identified and classified. Also, the rank and importance of experts' opinions about the components of strategic entrepreneurship are in the order of leadership characteristics, opportunism, innovative learning, attitude and resources.

In recent years, the expansion of the Internet network infrastructure, the increase of the Internet penetration rate and the growth of the number of Internet users have caused more and more business owners to pay attention to e-businesses and the growing trend of such businesses. This has created a highly competitive environment that has made it more difficult to gain and maintain market share in cyberspace. In such a situation, increasing customer satisfaction in e-businesses in order to reach their loyalty in order to repeat purchases is one of the key factors to gain and maintain a suitable share of the cyberspace market. This study aims to identify these factors and introduce them to e-business owners, in order to create a platform for targeted activities to improve user satisfaction and which leads to maintaining and increasing the share of e-businesses from the cyberspace market. The research method was meta-synthesis. At first step we determined the research questions and search keywords and then we collected articles related to customer satisfaction factors in e-businesses according to the keyword. After studying and reviewing the selected articles, 14 concepts (unique factors) were identified out of 85 factors obtained from 22 reviewing articles. The results show that the factors: "Product information reliability", "Purchasing process", "Service / Product quality", "Price paid" and "Security and privacy" are the most important factors of e-business customer satisfaction.

The Symbio City is one of the models that has been able to implement the theoretical foundations of sustainable development in the field of practice and has brought its efficiency to the fore. Symbio City can adapt and be used in different geographical locations and different cities, both developed and developing due to its scalability characteristic. Based on this, the purpose of the current research is the theoretical model presentation of the realization process of the Symbio City to be used by policymakers and urban planners in the country. The current research is of a practical-developmental type and its method is qualitative with an emphasis on the Meta-synthesis method. The statistical community is related to all the research that has been published from 2002 to 2022 regarding the subject of Symbio City. The sample size includes 37 articles and documents that were selected based on the ten principles of the Critical Assessment Skills Program. First, 11 by examining the title and 21 sources by screening the abstract sources were removed, then the content of 42 sources was analyzed in terms of content and quality, and finally, 37 articles were selected for the final analysis. The highest concentration of articles and sources is related to the period of 2013-2021, so more than 70% of the selected articles (27 cases) are related to this period. Cohen's kappa coefficient to measure internal reliability and quality was equal to 0.756 with a significance level of 0.000. This number shows valid and appropriate agreement because it is higher than 0.6. The results of the research show 125 codes related to the Symbio city, which are divided into twelve categories consisting of important historical period, Symbio city brands, approach (integrated, inclusive, and responsive), development discourse (institutional, environmental, spatial, socio-cultural, and economic), causal factors, consequences (100% use of renewable energies; zero carbon; zero waste; local branding; wind parks to provide electricity in the neighborhood; recycling of food waste as biogas to produce electricity and heat; rainwater management through green roofs, ponds, wetlands and rainwater canals; greening of building facades; technology-oriented water drainage; construction of safe nests for birds; high priority of designing pedestrian and bicycle routes; economy based on the export of clean technologies, preservation and promotion of biodiversity, sustainable and local food, etc.) strategies, implementation process, key components, policy making and planning, activists and finally the required knowledge.

In recent years, the number of unemployed university graduates has grown dramatically, posing a challenge to the country's planning system. Entrepreneurial activities, which is less welcomed by university graduates, is a good way to deal with this issue. In this research, the internal and external factors of university graduates' tendency to entrepreneurial activities have been studied and conceptualized using the meta-syntheses method. The articles published in reputable domestic and foreign scientific databases were identified, surveyed, coded and analyzed. Then, using "qualitative research interview" method, the opinions of elites was received to satisfy parallelism rule. Ten semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted until theoretical saturation was achieved. The findings of this study led to the identification of 40 themes and 12 topics that affect the tendency of university graduates to entrepreneurial activities and play a role in a range of independent or intertwined influences. Acording to the research findings, although the most repetition is related to individual level factors such as personality factors (education, personal development, risk-taking, etc.), but environmental variables such as: policy-making and political stability; Economic variables; Regional potentials, social support; Culture; The relationship between university, industry and government influences the tendency of university graduates to engage in entrepreneurial activities.

Corporate Governance Has Been Endorsed by Almost All Business Communities and Companies as One of the Main Factors In Improving The Company's Financial Performance. On the other hand, Corporate Scandals Around the World Have Led to More Emphasis on the Need to Upgrade and Reform the Corporate Governance System at the International Level, and The Importance of The Issue is That Corporate Governance in any Country can be a Function of Specific Variables of That Society. Therefore, the Purpose of This Study is to Investigate and Determine The Dimensions and Components Required to Develop a Corporate Governance Model That is In Accordance With Islamic Principles and Standards. Therefore, all available and related sources related to the issue of corporate governance until 1399 (2021) have been studied. For this purpose, to review the sources, the hybrid technique and the seven-step method of Sandlowski and Barroso using the coding of dimensions and components have been used. Therefore, after systematically reviewing the texts and selecting sources related to using the index (CAPA), considering international models of corporate governance and their compliance with Islamic principles and standards, dimensions of corporate governance in the Islamic paradigm are identified, and components of corporate governance from the perspective Islamic principles have been introduced. The results of the research show the effectiveness of the dimensions of social commitment, accountability, transparency and decision-making, which, if the desired ethical principles are observed using Islamic supervision, guarantees the goals of optimal and desirable corporate governance

Technopolis is an urban corridor with a high density of technology-based creative industries and a strong set of government, private and public-private initiatives. Based on this, the aim of the current research is to extract the realization process of Technopolis and its theoretical model presentation. The current research is fundamental and its method is descriptive-exploratory. Its approach is to use meta-synthesis and foundation-data methods and in the framework of qualitative systematic review, it has analyzed the feasibility of Technopolis. The statistical population includes all the articles and documents that were published in relation to the research topic between 1991 and 2022 in reliable scientific databases such as Science Direct, Springer, Taylor and Francis, Emerald, Researchgate, and ProQuest. Systematic sampling method and the process of searching and selecting related articles using various parameters such as title, abstract, content, and method quality have been done. In this process, from 322 primary articles and documents, finally, 62 articles and documents were selected for meta-synthesis. The largest number of selected articles and documents was related to the period of 2015-2022 (34 cases equivalent to more than 50% of all research articles and documents). The results show 76 codes related to the realization process of Technopolis, which are divided into 12 categories consisting of Technopolis positioning factors; basic technology; the role of the university; drivers of regional innovation; specialized cluster; company size; industrial accumulation; social networks; stakeholders; the expansion of the market, urban planning, and finally the multidimensional and interwoven layers of technopolis. The comparative analysis of the types of technopolises shows that there are two main types of technopolises. The first type is technopolises such as Silicon Valley and Sophia Antipolis with a global function that manages information and communication technology management at the global level. The second type is technopolises such as Zhongguancun and One North, which have a local and regional function in the field of technology production, and at the same time are moving towards a global function. Finally, the findings led to the identification of the causal conditions, background conditions, intervening conditions, key dimensions, consequences, and strategies for the realization of technopolis.

The Savings Bank deposit account is one of the monetary instruments and initiatives of the monetary law in the design of which the economic, cultural and religious purposes of the money market legislator and policy maker have been considered. Of course, what was desirable to the monetary supervisor and the people regarding the operation of this deposit is not fully realized. This study seeks to examine the multilateral challenges posed by savings deposits. In the first step, by selecting and reviewing library resources, the challenges posed by researchers in this field in recent years are coded and categorized into five categories: legal, regulatory, cultural, operational, economic and religious. In the next step, in order to complete the components influencing the research, the  experts of this field were identified and their views on the importance of the challenges in this account were received and discussed in the focal group along with the findings of the Hybrid Method, followed by the selected collection and collection challenges. With experts, a Likert spectrum questionnaire was designed to assess the importance of each of them from the perspective of experts. Finally, the 11 indicators questioned in the Expert Questionnaire were validated using the partial least squares (PLS) method and the relationships between them were examined and the validity of each of the challenges of the savings deposit.