قطر

South Pars_North, The existence of the Dome gas field and the common membership of Qatar with Iran have given importance to analyzing Qatar's asymmetric behavior productively in the world gas market. Qatar's position in the world gas market and its excessive capacity in gas production provide an opportunity for an increase and decrease in the production of natural gas with changes in variables such as other members of the gas exporting countries production, shale gas production, world natural gas demand, world natural gas price, and the crude oil world price don't change to stabilize a systematic and aligned market. This paper investigated Qatar gas productive behavior using seasonal data from 2001 to 2021 and the autoregressive distributing (ARDL) method. The results showed that during changes (increase and decrease) in the mentioned variables, as the most important variables affecting the formation of changes in the supply and demand of world gas, Qatar Gas's productive behavior in the direction of aligned market stability will not change. And in the global gas market, Qatar shows similar behavior to Saudi Arabia in the worldwide oil market. Also, empirical results showed that in the long term, there is a significant relationship between Iran and Qatar gas production. By increasing Iran's natural gas production by one percent, Qatar's natural gas production will increase by less than one percent

The national image and brand of a country is created and discussed in the international system and among global public opinion. Different countries also seek to present an inspiring and attractive image of themselves through various means. An image that, in addition to showing the power of a nation, shows the sphere of influence and effective activism in the international arena. Economic and commercial diplomacy is the field of foreign policy action that takes advantage of economic power at bilateral, regional and international levels in order to secure national interests as well as national branding. Undoubtedly, it is the duty of every government to provide the necessary facilities to improve the level of empowerment and welfare for the people in order to improve the national image of the country. The main goal of this research is to analyze the position and role of economic and commercial diplomacy in promoting the national brand of countries. The question of the current research is how successful countries have benefited from economic and commercial diplomacy in the field of national branding? The research method of the research is based on library sources, descriptive-analytical and has used a case study. Based on this, the three successful experiences of China, Turkey and Qatar in using economic and commercial diplomacy strategies to strengthen the national brand have been examined. Expanding trade with developing countries, attracting foreign investment, strengthening tourism, granting development aid, exporting technological products, participating in international economic organizations and forums, and using the competitive advantages of each country have been the main lessons learned from the experience of the selected countries, which can be used to promote The national brand of the Islamic Republic of Iran should be carefully considered.

The authors’ main objective is to examine the nature of the relationship between the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI)'s gas export policy and its national security policies as well as its energy security policies. The research hypothesis postulates that success or failure of Iranian gas export policy is related to energy security criteria of the two sides of transaction. Moreover, this association is affected by Iran's national security policy. To gain conceptual framework for analyzing Iranian gas export policy, we try to compare gas export policies of Qatar and Russia, the two key natural gas exporters in the world. The studies of gas export negotiations conducted in the past three decades in addition to challenges toward mega project of Iran’s gas export clearly show lack of sufficient knowledge of Iranian energy policy-makers about energy security concepts. Overlooking the requirements of energy security in the process of gas export policymakig has greatly contributed to the loss of Iran's geo-economic potentials in spite of its considerable natural gas resources. Furthermore, Iran’s gas export policy is under pressure from the US imposed sanctions with "lack of supply security" justification for clients and is rooted in Iranian national security and foreign policy. Russia has also been striving to prevent major natural gas producers like Iran to enter the European market in order to protect its "demand security" across the continent.