نوآوری

Corruption is a significant challenge in the global economy, impacting countries' development prospects at both national and international levels. Various factors, such as Innovation, country size, government expenditure, human capital, commercial openness, and natural resource rents, influence the prevalence of corruption. This study investigates the convergence of factors influencing the spread of corruption in selected Islamic countries using a dynamic spatial panel approach from 2008 to 2022. Results confirm spatial proximity effects, with a low convergence speed averaging 0.052. Additionally, findings indicate direct and indirect negative effects of Innovation on the spread of corruption in these countries

This study investigates the impact of exports and economic development on the Global Innovation Index (GII) in upper-middle-income countries from 2011 to 2021 using the panel Generalized Method of Moments (GMM). The primary objective is to assess the learning-by-exporting hypothesis and the moderating role of economic development in the export-innovation relationship. The results indicate that exports positively and significantly influence the GII, supporting the learning-by-exporting hypothesis. GDP per capita, representing economic development, has a significant positive effect. However, economic development moderates the export-innovation link, suggesting that in more developed countries, the impact of exports on innovation is weaker, possibly due to diminishing returns, structural differences, and technological maturity. Additionally, innovation inputs—except for the institutional index—positively and significantly affect the GII. Based on these findings, policymakers can enhance innovation and competitiveness in upper-middle-income countries by facilitating firms' access to international markets, diversifying exports, improving export-related infrastructure, investing in human capital and R&D, and stabilizing exchange rates.

Considering the significant gap between the GDP of developing and developed countries, identifying the factors that cause this gap is of particular importance between the most important of these factors, the difference in the level of innovation introduced. Innovation and its improvement promises to improve economic growth, and efforts to identify factors affecting innovation are considered prerequisites for designing policies affecting economic growth, which include economic structure and institutional quality. Institutions influence physical investment, human capital, technology, and the organization of production by reinforcing the key incentives of economic agents. Therefore, institutional quality can also approved as a key factor and foundation for continuous and stable economic growth. Finally, the existence of appropriate institutional quality through the channel of laws and economic tools leads to the expansion of innovation and creativity in the production process. With this background, the present study investigates the interactive effect of innovation and institutional quality on production based on panel data and the generalized method of moments (GMM). The gross domestic product of selected science-producing countries was analyzed separately from developed and developing countries from 2011 to 2020. The results show that the interactive effect of innovation and institutional quality on the GDP of both groups of selected developed and selected developing countries is positive and significant, except the intensity of its upshot on the GDP is large in the selected developed countries. Also, the effects of other variables, including the accumulation of physical capital, labor and human capital, on GDP in both groups of selected countries, with differences in the intensity of the effect, are estimated to be positive and significant.

Due to the innovations in the IT industry in recent years, the dependence on cloud computing technology has increased. Cloud computing has grown significantly in recent years and its adoption is a current infrastructure challenge for the software industry, as it creates a fundamental change in this industry. Despite the extensive benefits of cloud computing services, the adoption of these services by organizations remains limited and many software companies are hesitant to adopt this technology for various reasons. This study examines the factors affecting organizational decisions to adopt cloud computing using the technology-organization-environment framework.

This research utilizes a combination of methods, including the systematic literature review approach proposed by Kitchenham and Charters (2007), content analysis, and thematic analysis. A total of 26 articles published between 2014 and 2024 were selected. Supplementary data were collected through interviews with nine senior decision-makers specializing in software and cloud computing from leading Iranian software companies.

The results indicate that technological factors such as security, complexity, compatibility, and relative advantage; organizational factors including top management support, organizational size, and cost savings; and environmental factors such as competitive pressure, supportive policies, and external expertise are the most critical components influencing cloud computing adoption in Iran’s software industry. Balancing these factors is essential to accelerating digital transformation within organizations.

This study highlights the significance of addressing all technological, organizational, and environmental aspects by identifying and categorizing these factors. The findings suggest that organizations focusing on these elements can facilitate cloud computing adoption and achieve digital transformation. Special attention to supportive policies and infrastructure development can play a pivotal role in enhancing the productivity and competitiveness of Iran's software industry.

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating and analyzing the effect of export shocks on innovation decisions and patent inventory in Iranian manufacturing industries. This research consists of two steps: 1) calculating the export shock index through exploratory factor analysis modeling and extracting the time series of the export shock index and 2) examining the effect of export shocks on the stock of patents and innovation decisions in manufacturing industries. Iran, based on ISIC-4, in the classification of Iran's economic activities in 2011 through VAR regression was done for the period from 2008 to 2023. The findings of the research showed that the stock of patents had an effect of 1.39 on export shocks, while export shocks had an effect of 0.20 on the stock of patents. Other findings show that the effect of innovation on export shocks is equal to 0.78, while the effect of export shocks on innovation is equal to 0.14. Based on this, it can be concluded that there is a correlation between patent stock and export shocks, as well as innovation and export shocks for Iran's manufacturing industries. In addition, the investigation of the interrelationship between innovation and the effect of export shocks on the decision to innovate in Iranian manufacturing industries showed that export shocks and innovation had a mutual relationship; In this way, innovation affected export shocks by 0.292 and export shocks affected innovation by 0.0000492.

Innovation is one of the most important factors affecting economic growth. On the other hand, economic corruption affects important changes, including innovation, which can be positive or negative depending on the economic conditions of the government. The purpose of this article is to investigate the impact of corruption on innovation in Asia with high and low corruption for the period of 2008-2022.  During the review period based on the classification of Transparency International, 15 countries Singapore, Hong Kong, Japan, Bhutan, Taiwan, United Arab Emirates, occupied Palestine, South Korea, Brunei, Qatar, Georgia, Saudi Arabia, Jordan, Malaysia and Armenia are classified as less corrupt and other Asians as more corrupt. The results of some studies state that corruption is an obstacle to growth and innovation, while others consider it as a booster of innovation, and corruption has a positive relationship with innovation, which can remove hard obstacles for capital. Help to establish and strengthen innovation. Therefore, it can be important to investigate whether corruption leads to improved innovation in Asian countries with high and low corruption. This study tests the hypothesis that corruption enhances innovation or that it slows down innovation.

According to the theoretical foundations, in order to investigate the impact of corruption on innovation, the following model, which is taken from the studies of Al-Balushi (2020), Zakari, Vincent Tavi and Raphael (2022), has been used.IN indicates the number of patents registered as a substitute for innovation, the information of which is collected from the intellectual property organization (Yolka, 2004). Corp represents corruption. pop the population of the country(indicating the size of the country), gdp indicating the gross domestic product (at constant 2015 prices), 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑒 indicating the openness of trade, nat indicating the rent of natural resources, hc the human capital index (number of university graduates) required information The research was extracted from the World Bank and Transparency International.

To check the significance of the variables. Due to the cross-sectional dependence between them, the mean test of boys was used, and the results show that the variables are maximum in the first order difference. Also, according to the results of the Kao test, the co-accumulation between the variables is confirmed and the model can be estimated without worrying about false regression. The results of the fixed effects test show that it is not possible to reject the hypothesis that the coefficients for all years are equal to zero, so there is no need for time fixed effects in this research and the Chow test is performed only with spatial effects. accepted According to the results of Limer and Hausman's F test, estimating the model in the form of panel data and using the fixed effects method will have a more appropriate fit.The findings show that corruption has a negative effect on innovation in countries with low corruption (coefficient -0.4417) and a slight positive effect on innovation (coefficient 0.0391) in countries with high corruption. The negative impact of corruption on innovation in countries with low corruption can be expressed through the misallocation of resources. Reducing corruption in countries with low levels of corruption leads to the improvement of innovation in these countries. Gross domestic product has a positive and significant effect on innovation in both groups of countries, but the intensity of its effect on innovation is greater in countries with low corruption than in countries with high corruption. The effect of population on corruption is positive in countries with less corruption and negative in countries with more corruption. The existence of a larger population provides the necessary potential for creating creativity and innovation, but its quality and capabilities, as well as creating a context for the flourishing of talents, are important. The results indicate the positive and significant impact of the abundance of natural resources on innovation in both groups of countries, but the intensity of its impact is greater in countries with less corruption. In these countries, suitable fields have been provided with more of these resources.The intensity of the impact of trade liberalization on innovation in countries with less corruption with a coefficient of 0.2416 is greater than this effect in countries with high corruption with a coefficient of 0.1915. Commercial liberalization in countries with less corruption has made innovative entrepreneurs in these countries have more opportunities to invest and expand the market and sell more products.According to the findings of the model, human capital has an impact on innovation, which, like most of the research variables, the intensity of its influence in countries with less corruption (coefficient 0.2691), is greater than the intensity of influence in countries with more corruption (0.0124). is Due to the higher quality of human resources in countries with less corruption and the availability of more competition in these countries, the impact of human capital on innovation is greater than in countries with more corruption.

The results of the research showed that corruption has increased the possibility of innovation in countries with high corruption, and the main reason for its positive effect is the lack of infrastructure suitable for innovation, the complexity and length of the bureaucratic process in these countries, and in other words Another is the low institutional quality of market operators in this field. Therefore, in line with the reduction of corruption, governments should consider effective policies to correct the harsh conditions of the market, which, in addition to aligning the laws with the support of these activities, will also reduce long administrative bureaucracies and provide the necessary legal support for entrepreneurship and innovation. can be done. It seems that in countries with a high degree of corruption, due to the quality of official and informal institutions in them and the lack of necessary legal and support infrastructures, paying bribes and circumventing many laws still slows down innovation-related activities.

The expansion of the financial sector has raised the concern of “brain drain” among industries. There are also concerns that too many financial activities may misallocate resources, both physical and human capital, from production sector to less productive ones. Financial development may make it easier for less efficient firms to stay in the market and prevent more efficient innovators from entering the market, which may harm innovation and growth. In this regard, the main purpose of this study is to investigate the role of financial development in the relationship between innovation and economic growth in developing countries.

In order to meet the research goal, a regression model is specified to describe economic growth as a function of the first-order lag of economic growth, innovation and the product of innovation and financial development. Moreover, economy openness (the ratio of exports plus imports to GDP) and the ratio of the net flow of foreign direct investment to GDP are included in the model as control variables. In this model, one of the regressors is the first-order lag of the dependent variable. The regression equation is estimated using the Generalized Method of Moment (GMM) and the data for the period of 2000-2019.In this study, the multidimensional index of financial development of the International Monetary Fund has been used as a relative ranking of countries on the depth, access, and efficiency of their financial institutions and financial markets. The Financial Institutions (FI) index is an aggregate of the Financial Institutions Depth (FID) index, which compiles the data on bank credits to the private sector in a percent of GDP, pension fund assets to GDP, mutual fund assets to GDP, and insurance premiums, life and non-life to GDP, Financial Institutions Access (FIA) index, which compiles the data on bank branches per 100,000 adults and ATMs per 1000,000 adults and Financial Institutions Efficiency (FIE) index, which compiles the data on banking sector net interest margin, lendind-deposits spread, non-interest income to total income, overhead costs to total assets, return on assets, and return on equity. Also, Financial Markets (FM) index is an aggregate of Financial Markets Depth (FMD) index, which compiles the data on stock market capitalization to Gdp, stocks traded to GDP, international debt securities of government to GDP, total debt securities of financial and nonfinancial corporations to GDP, Financial Markets Access (FMA) index, which compiles the data on a percent of market capitalization outside the top 10 largest companies, total number of issuers of debt (domestic and external, nonfinancial and financial corporations) per 100,000 adults, and Financial Markets Efficiency (FME) index, which compiles the data on stock market turnover ratio (stocks traded to capitalization). In addition, the number of the patents registered is considered as an index of innovation, and the real GDP per capita is considered as an index of economic growth.

The results of Generalized Method of Moment (GMM) show that the effect of innovation on economic growth is positive and statistically significant. Furthermore, the effect of the interaction between financial development and innovation on economic growth is negative and statistically significant, which suggests that the effect of innovation on economic growth is not independent of the level of financial development. According to the results, the threshold level of financial development is 0.76466. According to the results of descriptive statistics, the average financial development index for the selected developing countries is 0.378945, which is significantly lower than the threshold level. Therefore, if the level of financial development becomes lower than this threshold level, the higher the level of financial development, the smaller the positive effect of innovation on economic growth. In other words, when the level of financial development increases, the positive relationship between innovation and economic growth weakens.

Conclusions and policy implications:

 Based on the results, the financial development level increases the positive relationship between innovation and economic growth. Therefore, financial development weakens the positive growth effects of innovation. In other words, with a higher the level of financial development, a unit of increase in innovation leads to a smaller increase in economic growth. As empirical results indicate, trade openness and the ratio of foreign direct investment to GDP have a positive and significant effect on economic growth. It is suggested that, in parallel with the financial development, a serious solution should be provided regarding the optimal allocation of human and physical resources. The markets with low productivity should be identified, and their continuity of attendance should be prevented in order to provide the ground for the entry of new innovators and entrepreneurs. This is possible by making amendments in laws and regulations and increasing the quality of administrative systems.

The misery index is an economic indicator that is obtained from the sum of the inflation rate and the unemployment rate, and its increase indicates a decrease in social welfare and the spread of poverty. The current research, using the panel data approach and the method of generalized moments (GMM), examines the impact of the institution and globalization on the misery index in two groups of countries with a per capita income above 25 thousand dollars and countries with a per capita income below 25 thousand dollars during the period of 2008-2020. The results show that the governance institutional index has a negative and significant effect on the misery index in both groups of selected countries. Based on this, a one percent improvement in the quality of governance leads to a reduction of the misery index by 0.26 percent in countries with high per capita income and 0.14 percent in countries with low per capita income. Also, the globalization index has a negative and significant effect on the misery index in both groups of selected countries, which means that a one percent increase in the globalization leads to a decrease in the misery index by 0.53% in countries with high per capita income and 0.29% in countries with low per capita income. Therefore, it is recommended to provide a suitable foundation for improving the quality of governance through the channel of improving the quality of laws and regulations, the rule of law, corruption control, and the efficiency and effectiveness of the government to take advantage of the globalization environment in order to achieve a low inflation rate and unemployment rate, so reducing the misery index.

China's unique governance system, characterized by a one-party system and centralized planning with regional decentralization, has become a cornerstone of its development planning, aligning with the country's long-term economic trajectory. In the context of the 14th Plan (2025-2021), China has prioritized innovation as a key driver of economic growth, aiming to transition from an export-oriented and consumer-driven economy to one that is more innovative and capital-intensive. This paradigm shift is evident in China's 14th Development Plan. China's emphasis on innovation, as outlined in the 14th Development Plan, reflects its transition from rapid economic growth (1978-2020) to a more mature stage. This transition necessitates seeking new, environmentally sustainable sources of growth. This research analyzes China's 14th Development Plan (2025-2021), focusing on the prominent role of innovation-oriented development and incorporating analysis from related supporting documents. Our findings show that China's governance has successfully adapted to the demands of timely development, transitioning from an export-driven and consumer-focused economy to a more innovative and capital-intensive one. This shift has reduced reliance on exports, increased domestic consumption, and significantly lowered the proportion of GDP invested. China's adoption of an innovation-oriented approach has helped mitigate resource and environmental pressures on its economy, while also positioning the country for greater global integration.

Currently, the composition of the world economy is drastically different than in the past. Today's sustainable development is based on innovation, creativity, and utilization of knowledge. Promoting entrepreneurship in countries, in addition to creating the ground for sustainable growth and development, can solve issues and challenges such as poverty, social and cultural disorder, unemployment among university graduates, and other widespread problems. In fact, entrepreneurship, in the sense of discovering and exploiting opportunities to create value in various economic, social, and cultural fields, is considered the basis of society's development. Entrepreneurship and innovation are considered as essential and influential factors in current societies and economic growth of countries. In order to understand the importance of this issue, the present research has investigated the relationship between entrepreneurship and innovation in the field of sustainable development. In this article, the role and position of entrepreneurship in economic growth and sustainable development is investigated and the entrepreneur is emphasized as the main driving force of the development of societies. These definitions have been reviewed considering the key concepts related to economic development and sustainable development. Then, according to the theoretical foundations, the role of entrepreneurship in economic growth and sustainable development is examined, and at the end, the article briefly examines key words and conclusions.

The aim of the study was to determine the effect of business intelligence on financial performance through innovation and organizational learning. The statistical population of this study was companies are operating in the University of Tehran Science and Technology Park. A structured questionnaire adapted from Hong et al. (2022) was used to collect data. Cronbach’s alpha, composite reliability and factor loadings were used to determine the reliability. Moreover, logic and construct validities were used to determine validity. To examine the appropriateness of the conceptual model, the coefficient of determination, cross-validated redundancy and effect size were used. The results indicated that validity and reliability were within the specified range. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling The results indicated that validity and reliability were within the specified range. The results showed all of these criteria were within acceptable levels. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) was used to hypotheses testing. The results showed that business intelligence has a positive and significant effect on organizational learning, innovation and financial performance. Moreover, organizational learning has a positive and significant effect on innovation and financial performance. Furthermore, innovation has a positive and significant effect on financial performance. In addition, organizational learning and innovation play a mediating role in the relationship between business intelligence and financial performance. By assessing the effect of business intelligence on financial performance through innovation and organizational learning this study opened a new window for researchers and practitioner to enhance finical performance in startup companies.The results of this study can be useful for scientific societies and practitioners.

Innovation in financial and monetary services significantly differs from innovation in the physical product environment. Fintech innovation, spearheaded by non-banking companies, gradually breaks down the barriers surrounding traditional financial and banking systems, challenging traditional value chains, business models, and market positions, essentially altering or creating economies and competition. The financial sector provides more comprehensive and efficient financial and monetary services for consumers. Therefore, this study examines the impact of fintech businesses on digital currencies - innovations, opportunities, and impacts on financial markets at branches of Bank Mellat. This research is of an applied nature and, in terms of nature and method, falls under descriptive non-experimental research. The study utilized the convenience sampling principle, distributing 385 questionnaires among specialists, experts, university professors, and managers familiar with the research topic. Data collection methods included questionnaires, library information, reference to documents in scientific and reputable articles, and understanding and inference of this information. The mean test was calculated based on primary and specific hypotheses in SPSS22 software with a confidence level of 95%. Finally, a framework for studying fintech businesses in the digital currency domain is presented, outlining innovations, opportunities, and impacts on financial markets at Bank Mellat.

Absorption capacity is a mechanism for identifying, absorbing and applying new knowledge and an important factor in achieving innovative performance. The present research uses an applied objective. The data are collected through a descriptive-survey method in order to investigate the association of absorptive capacity with company's innovative performance with the mediating role of open innovation. The statistical sample of the study consisted of 250 employees of knowledge-based companies in the Science and Technology Park of Tehran University. Using Morgan table and simple random sampling method, 148 sample size was considered. Data were collected through standard questionnaires. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to analyze the data and examine the hypotheses using partial least squares method (PLS). The results of the research confirm the main hypothesis, which shows the relationship between absorption capacity and innovative performance of the company. Sub-assumptions of the research include: potential absorption capacity, actual absorption capacity and open innovation have a significant relationship with the company's innovative performance, also absorption capacity has a significant relationship with open innovation. Therefore, absorption capacity with the mediating role of open innovation has a significant relationship with the company's innovative performance.

The current research aims to investigate the effectiveness of scientific innovation on the productivity of the labor force in Islamic countries with the use of health as a mediating variable with an analytical approach. In this study, data panel and Eviews 13 software were used, which examines and analyzes independent variables on labor productivity during the period of 2010-2022. The variables examined in this research include per capita physical capital, technology, innovation, education, health care expenses, and life expectancy. The variable index of physical and human capital, respectively, is the calculation of net capital formation on the number of employees and the average years of education, which has a positive effect on labor productivity, as well as the index of the number of articles published in scientific and technical journals as a substitute for the variable of innovation and technology export. Advanced, which is a representative for the technology variable, and the index related to health measurement, which life expectancy and health cost per capita is considered as a substitute for the level of health and health, with its improvement, it increases the level of productivity of the labor force. . The results of the research show that all the variables used in the research have a positive and significant effect on the growth of labor productivity in the group of Islamic countries.

The concept and importance of collective interactions and moral virtues in the structure of society and economy are rooted in the ages of history. The explanation of this issue in the history of science has led to the production of an important concept called social capital. This concept has important effects on economic and social variables. Theoretical foundations show that social capital can be effective on variables such as knowledge and innovation. This study investigates the factors influencing innovation across countries worldwide, with a particular focus on the role of social capital. Social capital can enhance the business environment and reduce transaction costs, thereby fostering knowledge dissemination and innovation. To achieve the research objectives, data from 113 countries over the period 2013-2022 were analyzed using the quantile panel regression method. To facilitate comparison, countries were categorized into four income groups: low-income, lower-middle-income, upper-middle-income, and high-income. Separate estimates were provided for each category. The findings indicate that population, democracy, and government expenditure are significant determinants of innovation, with their impact being more pronounced in high-income countries. Population has a positive effect on innovation for countries that have been able to provide appropriate infrastructure. The analysis reveals that social capital exerts a positive and significant effect on innovation. This effect is stronger in high-income countries. Furthermore, quantile estimates demonstrate that the impact of social capital on innovation varies significantly across different quantiles. Consequently, external factors in each country play a crucial role in determining the extent to which social capital influences innovation.

The main goal of this research is to investigate the impact of innovation indicators on macroeconomic efficiency. For this purpose, the information of OECD member countries was used in the period of 2012 to 2021. In this research, in order to identify the method of choosing the appropriate model for model estimation, Limer and Hausman's F test was used, and the results of the tests show the use of Panel data with fixed effects as the appropriate model for model estimation. In the following, the macroeconomic inefficiency factor is estimated by using the frontier stochastic analysis method, and finally the obtained inefficiency factor is considered as a dependent variable in the final model. Finally, the effect of three indicators, the number of patent license applications, the export of advanced technologies, and the number of research articles as indicators of innovation and independent variables; Also, the inflation variable was measured as a control variable on macroeconomic inefficiency. The findings of the research indicate that among the three indicators mentioned as innovation indicators, two indicators of patent license requests, export of advanced technologies were not significant on macroeconomic efficiency. Meanwhile, the coefficient related to the number of research articles shows the number 0.163, which shows the positive and significant effect of this variable on macroeconomic inefficiency at the 5% error level. In fact, it can be said that the factor of the number of research articles had a negative and significant effect on economic efficiency, which means that an increase in the number of research articles causes a decrease in economic efficiency. The inflation factor also has a positive and significant control variable on economic inefficiency, or in other words, the inflation factor has a negative and significant effect on the macroeconomic efficiency, which is in line with expectations.

Innovation is widely recognized as a crucial driver of modern economic and social progress. This research aims to investigate the relationship between economic freedom and its components on innovation. A review of the literature indicates that economic freedom can either positively influence innovation (Arrow effect), negatively impact it (Schumpeter effect), or produce a combination of both effects (Scherer effect). To investigate this issue, two groups of countries—developed and developing—were examined. Econometric panel data analysis was conducted for the period 2011-2022 using two models: one based on the overall index of economic freedom and the other on its components. The research findings indicate a positive and significant relationship between economic freedom and innovation in developed countries. However, a deeper analysis reveals that only the rule of law and government size positively and significantly impact innovation within this group. Regulatory efficiency and market openness did not exhibit significant effects, suggesting a partial confirmation of the Arrow effect. In contrast, economic freedom's impact on innovation in developing countries was found to be negative, though not statistically significant. Among the components, only the rule of law showed a negative and significant relationship, aligning with Schumpeter's theories. Additionally, control variables such as GDP per capita, research and development expenditures, information and communication technology, and corruption levels significantly influenced innovation in both groups of countries.