ahp فازی

One of the serious issues that has been considered and examined by policymakers, economic, and trade professionals in Iran for many years is the development of non-oil exports and the existing obstacles to its development. This issue arises from the fact that export development, as a trade strategy, is recognized as the engine of economic growth, progress, and development in countries. Similarly, identifying and striving to remove the factors that hinder export development is also of particular importance. This is because export development and foreign exchange generation, in addition to increasing national income and improving the foreign balance, can also enhance the country's bargaining power on the international stage, especially in times of economic sanctions and from a political perspective. Some of the problems and shortcomings in export development or target market expansion are domestic, such as the high production cost of Iranian goods compared to competing products due to the unreal exchange rate, exporters' lack of awareness of various banking export services, the lengthy process of granting loans, and low productivity of production factors, among others. On the other hand, some problems are external, such as the hostile trade policies of powerful global countries and the inability to participate in international trade-facilitating forums and organizations. Prioritizing these issues and challenges for resolution is of great importance."

The research follows an applied methodology using a descriptive-survey approach for data collection. It analyzes customs records from 2001 to 2018 and qualitative data from a 2017-2018 survey of exporters by the Trade Promotion Organization of Iran to identify and prioritize export barriers.
The data analysis is conducted using the Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (FAHP), a method designed for decision-making under uncertainty. FAHP uses triangular fuzzy numbers to evaluate and compare export barriers based on multiple criteria. This method allows for flexibility in the number of independent variables but may face reliability issues if expert judgments are inconsistent. The study aims to systematically rank the key barriers to non-oil export development.

The findings of this article reveal that the country's non-oil exports from 2001 to 2018 fell short of the projections outlined in the Sixth Development Plan. Both market concentration and the diversity of exported goods have declined. On average, 25% of the total annual value of non-oil exports during the study period came from the sale of just five products. The number of countries importing goods from Iran also decreased from 170 in 2008 to 147 in 2018. In 2018, more than 80% of the value of non-oil exports was concentrated in just nine countries. This indicates that despite an increase in export value, non-oil exports have become heavily concentrated in a few countries, largely due to factors like political and economic sanctions. In fact, the combined export value to four countries—UAE, China, Iraq, and South Korea—exceeded the total export value to the other 145 countries in 2018.
 

According to the prioritization of export development challenges in this article, the most important issues relate to the "production of export goods," followed by the "export process" and the "overall political and economic environment" of the country. The ten main barriers to the development of non-oil exports in Iran are:  High production costs, High exchange rates for imported raw materials, U.S. sanctions against Iran, High transportation costs to target markets, Short-term product pricing strategies focused on immediate profit,
Foreign policy issues, Lack of understanding of customer preferences and needs, High tariff rates imposed by target countries, High costs for obtaining sales permits from domestic authorities, High taxes on the import of raw materials and high customs clearance costs.

Content analysis method has been used to identify economic development variables that affect green city-port cooperation. After finding the research variables, the fuzzy AHP research method has been used for ranking. In order to present the model, after identifying the variables of green cooperation of the port city and financial and economic development, we will use the interpretive structural modeling method. Based on the obtained results, the analysis of variances shows that assuming the variance of the two groups is equal and at the confidence level of 95%, the significance obtained for the averages of the financial development components is smaller than the standard value of 0.05, so between the answers There is a significant difference between the two groups regarding the functional status of factors affecting economic development (institutional environment, financial sector, openness of the economic sector, non-banking economic sector, banking economic sector) in Bushehr port in the studied area. In other words, these factors are far from a favorable situation for economic development for the city-port due to environmental pollution and waste of resources from a favorable situation for green cooperation. According to the total results obtained from the research model, the component ((environmental factors)) is the most infrastructural (fourth level) and the component ((environmental cooperation opportunities and capabilities)) is the most structural (first level) elements of the model. Green cooperation is also the most fundamental component ((institutional environment)) (third level) and the components ((banking economic sector)), ((non-banking economic sector)) and ((openness of the economic sector)) are the most structural (first level) ) has been the constituent elements of the economic development model.

This research is the design of an optimal model for the development of risky investment in the Tehran Stock Exchange using the underlying theory and fuzzy AHP hierarchical analysis process. 

A mixed quantitative and qualitative approach has been used to achieve the research goal. For this purpose, in the first stage, using a qualitative approach based on the research paradigm model including causal conditions, intervening conditions, contextual conditions, strategies, consequences and the main category of risky investment are extracted and in the quantitative stage each The extraction of categories was verified using factor analysis. In the quantitative part, descriptive statistics such as mean, standard deviation, tables and graphs are used to examine the descriptive status of research variables and the structural equation model in LISREL software is used to test the main model. The sample size of the qualitative stage is determined based on theoretical saturation and the sample size of the quantitative part is determined based on the recommendations of confirmatory models. Data collection tool in the qualitative part of the interview and in the quantitative part of the data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire that was designed based on the concepts extracted from the qualitative part. This questionnaire was distributed among the members of the statistical sample after determining its validity and reliability. Finally, it is ranked using the fuzzy AHP model. 

a question that this research seeks to answer. On the other hand, the researcher has faced the issue that in our country, due to the growth of knowledge and expertise of individuals, the number of start-up companies is increasing every day and these companies need risk capital to finance. Accordingly, in the first purpose of this research, it examines the conditions for the formation of risky investments and in the next stage and purpose, it pays attention to what factors should be considered for the success of risky investments in the Tehran Stock Exchange. do. Exchange. It can be said that in order to develop risky investment in the management dimension, the experience and skills of business managers in various sectors should be strengthened. They have more managerial and leadership skills. The next issue in the paradigm model of venture capital development is the different strategies that can lead to the development of venture capital. Strategies in the paradigm model show the types of paths to reach the goal. 

The results of this section show that the factors of supporting venture capitalists and government support can be considered as two main strategies in this field. The results show 67 concepts in the form of 15 subgroups for the development of risky investments. He said: "Each of the main and sub-categories extracted from research experts can be generalized to the managers of listed companies." In the present study, in order to prioritize the main categories of the study, the fuzzy AHP technique was used and to calculate the compatibility, Gogus and Butcher methods were used. 2009) The weight of the components is obtained and the categories are prioritized based on them.

Value creation and gaining sustainable competitive advantage and strategic superior have caused to pay attention to the customers and their satisfaction. It is shown that sailing in cyber space and information and communication technology have an essential role in the development of electronic shopping. This paper presents a new approach to customer-satisfaction measurement (CSM) of electronic shopping and examines its key factors by using Fuzzy Multi Attribute Decision Making (FMADM) method. To this end, a six-step approach is used to measure the electronic shopping customer-satisfaction. Since most of the data used in this study are qualitative and such data might be ambiguous, we transform the qualitative terms into quantitative terms by using the fuzzy collections. Finally, we compare the situation of those shops in terms of three different types of services.