gender discrimination

The main purpose of this paper is to explain the effect of monetary policy shock on output and inflation variables in the context of gender discrimination in the Iranian labor market using the new Keynesian stochastic dynamic equilibrium model during the period 2008-2009. The results of solving the model showed that the existence of gender discrimination in the Iranian labor market as a destructive phenomenon leads to economic inefficiencies such as reduced wages for men and women, consumption, production and welfare. The results also showed that in the context of gender discrimination, the transmission of the expansionary monetary policy shock to the variables of production and inflation is weaker than the conditions of non-discrimination. Based on the results, awareness of the hidden economic and social angles of this phenomenon and sensitization to planning for maximum elimination through the enactment of laws and the creation of special women's unions and responsible control and monitoring of institutions involved in the real situation of women workers in the Iranian labor market is suggested.

The question of whether parents have preferences over their children’s sexes has long been of interest to economists and demographers. In this study, we first investigate the presence of these preferences among Iranian parents. Then, having established its existence, we next turn to characterize the quality of sex preference. There are two widely used methods for addressing this issue in the literature. The first is to estimate a Logit model which relates the probability of the birth of a new child to the sexes of its elder siblings. The second is to estimate a proportional hazard model that links the time interval before each birth to the sexes of preceding children. This study makes use of both methods. The results confirm the existence of sex preferences in Iran. Iranian parents are shown to favor a rather balanced mix of boys and girls, though boys seem to be slightly preferred over girls.

Women as half of the workforce in society can be an effective lever to promote economic and social development goals. In recent years، participation of women in development activities has increased. But the participation of women has been associated with discrimination against them. In recent years with increasing participation of women in the labor market، the income gap between men and women in the labor market is one of the most important discrimination they are facing with it. Understanding the factors affecting women''s employment and the impact of these factors on the wage level and understanding the factors affecting the gender gap، can be very useful in reducing discrimination and achieving sustainable desirable development. With attention، in this study، we tried to analyze influence employment، productivity، education and educating of men and women on decrease gender gap in wages paid to an econometric model. Theoretical basis of this model is based on Blinder- Oaxaca gender gap (1974) and in the period 1370 to 1390. The experimental results with model coefficients using panel data and with using Stata and Eveiws software is obtained and then analyzed. Based on the results، however، productivity and employment increase wages of men and women but it Increase the gender income gap. Education increases wages of men and women but it reduces the gender income gap. Educating reduces wages of women and gender income gap too.