lng

To have a strong presence in the gas export market during the 2000s, Iran had designed projects to export more than 70 million tons of LNG per year. If these plans came to fruition, Iran would now be one of the largest exporters of LNG in the world. But so far, none of these projects have been put into operation, and with the existing conditions in the future, it will not be possible to use them. This delay represents a loss of access to South Pars' shared resources and millions of dollars in foreign exchange earnings. Failure to use a proper business structure as a reason for past projects' failure shows the need for structural reform.The purpose of this study, which was conducted from 2019 to 2020, is to identify the optimal structure for the country's projects. In this regard, by evaluating a wide range of criteria by experts in the oil and gas industry and using the ELECTRE-TRI technique, we classify the existing structures and introduce the optimal structure. The results show that the optimal structure will be achieved by using the IPC contract in the upstream sector and combining it with the participation of the upstream partner in the construction of the liquefaction facility. This structure, by the domestic laws and regulations and by attracting foreign investors by ensuring a long-term presence in the upstream and downstream sectors, can counteract international sanctions, increase efficiency, and speed up the implementation of projects. Provide.

Iranwith about33.6trillioncubic meters of gas(18 percentoftotalworldreserves) asthelargest holder ofgas reservesin the world,Duetoits strategicpositioninthePersian Gulfcanplaya vital roleintheglobalenergy equation in future. Politics of transport gas through Turkey to Europe, bilateral cooperation in the gas sector with Armenia, operations gas imports from Turkmenistan and finally the peace talks with Pakistan and India gas pipeline- and possibly in the future with China- are clear examples of the development of gas industry. In this regard, a detailed study and prioritization of natural gas export markets is necessary.
This study Performed on the status of Short-Term (continuity of current sanctions) and long-term (pessimistic, realistic and desirable scenarios) and based on 4-Fold criteria consist of import capacity, technical/environmental constraints, geopolitical, political will and cooperation of Iranian gas to resist external political pressure.
Based on these results and based on 4 factors, including import capacity, technical and environmental constraints, geopolitics, gas cooperation with Iran and the political will to resist external pressures on the export of Iranian natural gas to the markets of Turkey, Pakistan (eastern direction), China and Iraq-Syria (direction west-Persian pipeline) to natural gas as a priority export markets are determined by 4-fold. Also In the long term condition, with consideration of 3 scenarios consist; a) Maintain the status quo and the predicted development of unconventional gas resources, b) Agreement to stop or at least slow removal sanctions and the predicted development of unconventional gas resources and c) Rapid removal of sanctions and technical barriers (LNG Production), Iran's Long-Term Priority of Natural Gas Export Markets are Determined.

Natural gas is the cleanest fossil fuel with the ability to transform into different products which in the recent decades has received much attention from industrial countries. Also the countries which own gas resources have done extensive planning for using it due to existence of large market for various products of natural gas. Among the various physical and chemical transforms of natural gas, the technologies of conversion to liquid products and liquefied natural gas (LNG) have faced very high demands. Technology to convert natural gas into liquid products by using Fischer-Tropsch procedure, converts natural gas into liquid fuels without sulfur. Liquefied natural gas technology not only meets natural gas traditional demand, but it also solves, the problem of long-distance gas transmission through the pipeline Then the possibility of exporting natural gas to distant markets is provided. Examining various methods of exporting natural gas is very important for Iran as the second-largest holder of natural gas since it enables Iran to choose the best way for exporting gas. The purpose of this study is to investigate the comparative economic effects of the exports of LNG and gas to liquid (GTL) based on Iran targeted subsidies law. This research is performed using Kamfar software and it is based on measures of net present value, internal rate of return and investment payback period. So after designing several scenarios for the price of feed gas for LNG plants and GTL, necessary studies on selected projects have been conducted. The results show that the use of both technologies has economic justification and reduction in operational and capital costs or increase in sales revenue will increase the project profitability. Also GTL exports project is more economical than LNG export project.