جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « total factor productivity » در نشریات گروه « اقتصاد »

The main objective of this paper is to examine the influence of monetary policy and total factor productivity on the industrial sector of Iran. By assuming the Iranian economy and the division of the economy into two sectors (namely, the industrial and other economic sectors), and drawing on the seasonal data between the years 2000-2022 and the Central Bank's Input-output table for 2016, the paper adopts a suitable dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model based on the regional New Keynesian framework. After assigning values to some parameters obtained in previous studies and deriving an estimation regarding some of them, the variables were simulated and compared with real data to validate the model. The results of the model simulation indicate that the total factor productivity shock of the industry sector's (as well as the total factor productivity shock of other sectors) has increasing effects on total production, production of the industry sector, production of other sectors, consumption and has had a reducing effect on inflation in the economy. Also, the shock of liquidity growth will cause the growth of total production, industrial sector production and other sectors production and will increase consumption, employment and inflation.

Climate change is becoming a global crisis that can affect all aspects of human life on Earth, including the economy. So, protecting the environment and achieving sustainable development goals are now on the agenda of many governments. This article uses the Panel Smooth Transition Regression Model to test the role of information communication technology as a transition variable. In this research, it is investigated whether ICT can decouple the economic growth from the increase in pollution by changing the effect of productivity on CO2 emission. The goal is to show whether policymakers can use the development of the digital economy around the world to achieve better environmental and economic outcomes. This study was conducted on a global scale and data from 108 countries was used from 2003 to 2019. The results show that the co2 emission follows a PSTR model with ICT as a transition variable that changes the effect of total factor productivity on co2 emission in favor of the environment. ICT development will improve carbon efficiency and reduce climate change.

Undoubtedly, one of the ways to realize the knowledge-based economy is to improve the Total Factors Productivity through the expansion of innovative activities and the absorption of the hidden knowledge in imported technologies. What facilitates this process is the appropriate institutional quality and the targeted use of globalization capacity in different dimensions. In this regard, this research, with the approach of panel data and the Method of Generalized Moments (GMM), investigates the mutual effect of globalization and innovation on the productivity of the total factors in two groups of selected science-producing countries with per capita income above 20 thousand dollars and selected countries Science producer with low per capita income paid $20,000 during 2011-2019 period. The results show that the mutual influence of globalization and innovation have had a positive and significant effect on the productivity of the total factors in both groups of selected countries with different estimated coefficients. The same is the case with the effect of the control variables of economic incentives and institutional regime and training and development of human resources, while control variable of economic freedom has a positive and significant effect on the total factor productivity index in selected science producing countries with high per capita income and in selected science producing countries with low per capita income. According to the findings of the research, it can be said that globalization by itself cannot be considered as a factor in improving the productivity of factors. Rather, the targeted use of human capital capacity in the context of appropriate institutional quality can benefit from the positive benefits of globalization and economic freedom in order to improve the productivity of all factors.

In this paper, the relationship between energy consumption and total factor productivity (TFP) in the industrial sector in Iran has been investigated using threshold-type nonlinear relationships. The results of estimating a two-threshold model in a sample including data related to 110 industrial branches during the years 2002-2019 show that the effect of energy consumption on the TFP in the industry sector is state-dependent on the energy consumption state or regime and the energy consumption variable coefficients in all regimes has a negative and significant effect on the TFP. If the energy consumption in Iran's industrial sector exceeds a certain threshold, the negative effect of energy consumption on the TFP will intensify. Also, the effect of energy consumption on the TFP in the industry sector is a state dependent on the TFP state or regime, so in low TFP regimes or states, the effect of energy consumption on the TFP of industries is considerable, but in high TFP regimes, industries with higher TFP have a much lower negative impact of energy consumption on their TFP.

In this paper, the effects of energy consumption on the total factor productivity (TFP) have been examined in the industrial sector in Iran. For this purpose, FarPrimont's TFP index and its decomposition into different efficiency components have used. The results of a vector autoregressive model in the form of panel data (PVAR) show that the null hypothesis that energy consumption is not the Grange cause of TFP in the industry sector is rejected. However, the null hypothesis that TFP cannot be the Granger cause of energy consumption is not rejected. Therefore, there is a one-way causality relationship between energy consumption to TFP in Iran's industrial sector. Also, the results of the impulse-response of two energy consumption (EI) and TFP show that a shock of one standard deviation on the energy consumption can increase the TFP of the industry sector for up to two periods. However, after that the negative impact of energy consumption on TFP gradually decreases.

The question that is considered by researchers in the field of knowledge-based economy is that among the factors affecting intangible investment, does information and communication technology have a heavier weight than the rest of the factors? In this study, using the Corrado,Hulten and Sichel (CHS) approach, the measurement of intangible investment is calculated. In their research, intangible investment has been divided into three major parts: computer information, innovative assets, and economic competencies. Then these three components are divided into nine parts. In this article, we select the component of information and communication technology, which is the first component of intangible transitory capital, and its effect on Total Factor Productivity(TFP) has been investigated. The field of study is manufacturing industries with a four-digit economic activity classification code for employees of ten and above during the years 1996 to 2018. Using panel data and GMM, the productivity function was estimated for manufacturing industries. The results of this research show that ICT has a significant role on the productivity of all production factors, and its coefficient is higher than other intangible investment components.

Economic and financial crises, hazards, natural disasters, and are an integral part of human life today, which affect the achievement of continuous and stable economic growth and development. The occurrence of joint shocks will be met with different reactions in different parts of the world. This is the difference between the resilience of different regions of the world in the face of common shocks. Therefore, filling the existing gaps between the economic resilience of developed countries and developing countries in order to achieve continuous and sustainable economic growth and development has a special place. In the present study, three productivity gaps of total factors of production, institution and abundance of natural resources are identified between the economic resilience of developed countries and developing countries. The present study seeks to investigate the effect of three variables of total factor productivity, institution and frequency of natural resources on economic resilience during the period 2007- 2016 using panel data using generalized torque (GMM) method. The results indicate the positive effect of total factor productivity, institutional quality and the intersection of the natural resources abundance and the institution on economic resilience and the negative effect of resource abundance on economic resilience.

The trend of total factor productivity (TFP) and GDP growth per capita in most East Asian countries is upward and in most West Asian countries is downward or fluctuating. In this regard, this study seeks to investigate the reasons for the difference in TFP and consequently economic growth in East and West Asia. This study specifically analyzes the role of human capital, institutional factors, and relative backwardness in the productivity differences between East and West Asian countries for the period 2000-2019. The importance of this issue is that the main economic growth of countries occurs through the channel of total factor productivity and the study of factors affecting productivity can reveal the reasons for the growth of East Asian countries and the backwardness of West Asian countries. In this study, by forming two separate groups from East and West Asia, the model is estimated using the static GMM and the results for these two groups of countries are compared. The findings indicate that human capital, institutional factors, and distance to the technology frontier (DTF) are the most important reasons for the difference in productivity in East and West Asia. In most cases, human capital in East Asian countries has a positive effect on total factor productivity, while in West Asian countries it has no effect. The findings also show that institutional indicators in most cases in East Asian countries increase total factor productivity, while in West Asian countries do not have a significant effect on total factor productivity. A greater distance from the technology frontier (more relative backwardness) in West Asian countries than in East Asian countries leads to a further reduction in total factor productivity.

Technological innovation is one of the key indicators for economic growth and productivity. Recent studies show that R&D investment causes technological change. However, this relationship is not always obvious and seems to vary according to the level of economic development. A large number of studies on developed countries confirm the positive relationship between research and development, innovation and productivity. However, in developing countries, this relationship is not always clear. In this regard, in order to allocate an important share of national income to research and development, developing economies need to achieve a high and sustainable economic growth rate or create an economic development policy based on new innovation. This paper investigates the threshold effect of medium-high technology exports on total factor productivity in 50 developing and developed countries over the period 2007-2020.

For analyzing data, panel smooth transition regression (PSTR) model is used, which was presented and expanded by Gonzalez et al. (2005) and Colletaz & Hurlin (2006) and is very suitable for heterogeneous panel data. Thus, Medium-High Technology Exports index is chosen as the transition variable. Following the study of Hammar and Bellarebi (2021), the general model shows the relationship between the logarithm of total factor productivity, the logarithm of advanced and medium exports (transition variable), the logarithm of trade openness, and the logarithm of research and development expenditures.

The results show a nonlinear relationship between the variables under study. Based on the necessary test results, considering only one transition function with a threshold value and two regimes is sufficient for nonlinear estimation of the model. Also, the logarithm of the value of the transition variable threshold is estimated about 3.0816 and the slope parameter is estimated about 6.4226. Research and development (R&D) expenditures and trade have negative significant effects on total factor productivity in the first regime on total factor productivity that this effect by crossing the threshold (Medium-High Technology Exports) effect for the variable of R&D expenditures becomes positive and insignificant. This result is consistent with the study of Sepherdoost and Afshari (2016). In addition, the results show that the influence of trade on total factor productivity is negative and significant, but its influence is lower than before, in the second regime. This result is consistent with the study of Lotfalipour et al. (2015)

Considering the role of high and medium technology exports in the relationship between research and development expenditures and total factor productivity, it can be said that developing countries in the initial stages of growth can increase their productivity by increasing the export of high technology industries, to a level of specific development, despite the very high importance of research and development in the development of high-tech industries. Only a very small part of the country's resources is spent on research and development, and the weakness of the workforce has reduced the utilization of this small amount of domestic research and development investment. So, the low contribution of research and development expenses indicates that companies do not have much desire for innovative efforts and the creation of new technology transfer capacity as a stimulus for the quantitative and qualitative growth of industrial products. This action has caused them to not provide new products and services and reduce their competitiveness in domestic and foreign markets.The most important policy recommendation is that the governments of developing countries should develop high and medium technology exports witch through their positive effects such as productivity growth, reduction of production costs, improvement of financial development and growth of innovation and technology, it is possible to achieve favorable economic growth and to improve the productivity of all factors. Also, the development of exports with advanced and medium technology and knowledge-based production will initially attract educated and specialized unemployed people, and with the improvement of management practices, the productivity of production factors and the level of technology will increase and lead to product innovation. Therefore, considering the importance of exporting with advanced and medium technology and knowledge-based production, it is suggested that the universities move towards the third generation university, in which case the chain of knowledge to technology will be completed in the university and the university will support the industries by developing the latest technologies. It is also suggested that in order to improve their competitiveness in the international arena and to advance their development goals, developing countries allocate a greater share of their income resources to research and development and create incentives for researchers in various economic sectors, especially in industries with technological capabilities, and move more towards the knowledge-based economy and the implementation of research policies based on innovation.

Financial integration through increasing the level of investment in countries can have many positive effects on macroeconomic variables such as employment, economic growth, increasing the volume of international trade and ultimately the productivity of countries. This study examines whether fiscal integration in Iran can affect overall productivity growth and whether integration policies and subsequent fiscal integration can be among the policies that are needed. Should these countries adopt for their economic integration process? This study investigates the role and effects of financial integration on the productivity of total factors of production through the vector Autoregressive Distributed Lag during the period 1379-1398 for the Iranian economy. The results of estimating the model in the short and long term indicate a positive and significant relationship between financial integration and productivity during the selected time period. Also, variables such as trade openness and domestic investment have a positive relationship with productivity, but the inflation rate has had a negative impact on overall productivity.

With the occurrence of major global financial crises and the strong spread of these crises in the economies of other countries, the importance of identifying and measuring these crises and examining their effects on economic growth and especially the total factor productivity has become more apparent. In this study, in order to quantify financial crises, following the basic portfolio theory approach, a systemic stress index has been designed for the Iranian economy during the period 2008-2019. Therefore, the purpose of this study is not only to identify the financial stress index of the Iranian economy, but also to examine whether financial stress can have irreversible effects on the total factor productivity. In this study, using Bayesian inference in vector autoregression models, the effects of financial stress on The format of two endogenous growth models of the second generation on the total factor productivity and its determinants has been analyzed. The results of the study show that in addition to the effects of financial stress shock on the factor total productivity is negative but also associated with relative durability, the effects of financial stress shocks on the accumulation of domestic R&D costs, investment intensity Physically, financial development and human capital is also negative and associated with relative longevity. The findings of this study support the need to measure and in terms of financial stress index in macro policy decisions.

Productivity growth is playing the main role for economics and some believe that underdevelopment is due to low productivity. The productivity growth is a solution to overcome the production problem and capital constraints and that is why it is highlighted in Iranian economy. The purpose of this paper is to study the productivity growth of all factors of production and employment in industry sector from labor demand point of view. We worked with a system of simultaneous equations and used the two least squares method. It has been focused on annual data, and the two-digit codes of International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities for the three equations of employment, wages and capital stock during 2008-2016. The results showed that there is no relationship between productivity growth and the level of employment and capital stock in the industrial sector. In addition, there is an opposite relation between productivity growth and the level of wages.

The study of the effect of education on total factor productivity has been one of the important topics in the macroeconomic literature and educational policy that has been considered by many economists in recent years. However, recognizing the threshold of the effect of education on total factor productivity is a more important issue for educational policy makers. Therefore, the present study investigates the nonlinear relationship between education and total factor productivity during the period 1365-1397 SH[1](1986-2018). Average years of study have been used as an indicator of education. For this purpose, to determine the threshold of the impact of training on total factor productivity, the gentle transfer regression (STR) model has been used. The results of implementing the STR model while confirming the hypothesis of nonlinear effect of human capital of education type on total factor productivity showed that the quantity of education index in a two-diet structure with a threshold of 81.86 (equivalent to the average years of study 7.82 years) has a significant effect on total factor productivity. Given that the Iranian economy has exceeded the threshold since 1390 SH(2011) and increasing the quantity of education has a negative impact on productivity, so reviewing the quantitative development of education and giving priority to improving the quality of education has more priority than past.

Considering the critical role of energy consumption and productivity in economic growth, the central purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of some key macroeconomic variables and energy consumption on the total factor productivity of the agriculture sector in Iran. First, the Solo residual parametric method is employed to estimate the total factor productivity index. Subsequently, the quantile regression method is applied to time series data for the period 1967-2016 in order to investigate the impact of mentioned variables on the total factor productivity. The main results showed that energy consumption and lagged inflation rate have a negative and significant impact on the total factor productivity in agriculture in the 0.25 and 0.5 quantiles. On the contrary, market exchange rate, foreign investment, and lagged TFP exhibit a positive and significant impact on the total factor productivity of the agricultural sector.