university

Entrepreneurial businesses have a significant role in developing a competitive advantage in the economy. However, Iran's position in this field is not very favorable considering the huge commercialization capacities and graduates. This is despite the fact that many of the academic research and innovations that have a high potential for commercialization have remained unused partly due to financing constraints. Therefore, the present study aims to use resource-based theory to identify the methods of financing academic businesses with an emphasis on different periods of the business lifecycle. The research method of the present study is qualitative and a case study of Sharif University of Technology has been selected as one of the leading universities in the country. The required data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 13 experts in this field based on theoretical saturation criteria and analyzed the collected data using three-step coding. According to the results of this study, financing methods have been identified separately for the three life cycles of businesses. In the pre-growth phase, methods such as financing through self-financing, the Bank Innovation Center, the Vice-Chancellor, and professional participation have been identified. Financing methods in the growth phase have been identified as intermediaries of financing through business angels and financing through the growth center, and finally in the post-growth phase of formal institutions such as financing through the bank, financing through the stock exchange, and OTC and financing methods are available from international institutions.

Science and technology parks play a key role in Research and Innovation Strategies for Smart Specialization, policy tool for technology diffusion through entrepreneurship and for knowledge economy. Purpose of this study was to identify the role of science and technology parks in order to creating innovation ecosystem. The research method was mixed. In qualitative section, the statistical population consisted of experts in the fields of academia, industry and government. Participants were selected by purposive sampling from 20 participants. In quantitative section, population consisted of 440 individuals who were among the middle and executive managers of four domains of university, industry, government and intermediary institutions that were selected by stratified random sampling method. The sample size was 205 using Cochran formula. Data were collected in the qualitative section by semi-structured interview method and in the quantitative section by a researcher-made questionnaire. The thematic analysis method was used for qualitative data analysis and partial least squares method was used for quantitative data analysis. These factors explained about 90 percent of the changes in the innovation ecosystem. The results showed that the roles of science and technology parks in the ecosystem of university, industry, and government are three supportive, mediator and capacity building roles.

This research was carried out with the aim of analyzing the strategies of improving the relationship of Ilam University with industry and society and using quantitative methodology. The statistical population of the research was 247 members of the academic faculty of Ilam University and experts of the economic sectors. Using Cochran's formula, a statistical sample of 78 people was estimated and they were studied by stratified random sampling. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity was confirmed by using the opinion of 3 faculty members of Ilam University and its reliability was confirmed by calculating Cronbach's alpha (0.84). Data analysis was done using SmartPLS and SPSS software. The conceptual model of the research was the five factors of laws and regulations, database system design, structure design, communication and motivation, which was used to evaluate the reliability of the model, using confirmatory factor analysis with the SmartPLS software. The evaluation of the overall fit of the model was done with the GOF criterion. The test value for the model fit index was equal to 0.695. Therefore, it can be said that the model of industry-university relationship structures had a high fit and the sub-indices of industry-university relationship structures were also of good internal and external coherence. The results showed that one of the components of improving the relationship between Ilam University and economic sectors is the compilation of a comprehensive information bank about existing businesses in the province and the compilation of a database of professors, specialties, skills and study projects conducted in Ilam University.

Science and technology parks play a key role in Research and Innovation Strategies for Smart Specialization, policy tool for technology diffusion through entrepreneurship and for knowledge economy. Purpose of this study was to identify the role of science and technology parks in order to creating innovation ecosystem. The research method was mixed. In qualitative section, the statistical population consisted of experts in the fields of academia, industry and government. Participants were selected by purposive sampling from 20 participants. In quantitative section, population consisted of 440 individuals who were among the middle and executive managers of four domains of university, industry, government and intermediary institutions that were selected by stratified random sampling method. The sample size was 205 using Cochran formula. Data were collected in the qualitative section by semi-structured interview method and in the quantitative section by a researcher-made questionnaire. The thematic analysis method was used for qualitative data analysis and partial least squares method was used for quantitative data analysis. These factors explained about 90 percent of the changes in the innovation ecosystem. The results showed that the roles of science and technology parks in the ecosystem of university, industry, and government are three supportive, mediator and capacity building roles.

The relationship between industry and university has changed towards the fast development of knowledge market with the expansion of factors such as globalization, daily increase of competition at international level and fast technological changes. In order to increase innovation, efficiency and creation of wealth, universities and industry must have a suitable interaction. Different factors have impacts on cooperation between university and industry and it will be effective when they could establish link through a common language. Universities mainly speak with the language of expansion of knowledge frontiers and industries with the language of gaining profit and reducing costs. This lack of common language reduces the possibility of their effective interaction and cooperation with each other. On the other hands, by using the Johari Window and its application in intra-organizational communications, it is possible with the expansion of public area to increase the rate of awareness of university and industry from each other and they could emerge more effective in interaction with each other. In this process, if only one side of action begins to divulge and the other one does not perform it, no link will be established. So, one of the measures which they should make is to understand and attract the trust of each other.