tax management

The purpose of the present study is to review the effect of investors' behavior on tax management approaches. In this research, approaches to tax management including tax evasion, tax avoidance, and tax aggressiveness were studied. To this aim, panel data method based on the annual data obtained from accepted corporations in Tehran Stock Exchange during 2014-2021 were used. Finally, 127 corporations were chosen as the sample by systematic deletion technique and data analysis was done by Stata (version 16/with 95% confidence). To measure sentimental tendency and herding behavior of investors, EMSI index and Huang and Salmon Model (2006) were used. The experimental evidence and results of the research indicate that investors' behavior has a significantly positive effect on tax management approaches. That is to say, with the increase of sentimental and herding behavior among the investors, the directors' tax management in corporations improves. The research results showed that investors' behavioral variables (herding behavior and sentimental tendency) have a direct and positive effect on tax management approaches in corporations. It means that as investors' herding behavior and sentimental tendency increases, tax evasion, tax avoidance and tax aggression goes up, too. Therefore, investors' behavior is confirmed to be an important element to disturb order in financial markets. The results of this research can be effective to improve politicians and investors' decision-making for proper orientation towards the stock market and its consistent management.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of investment decisions and tax management on stock liquidity and also to investigate the moderating role of company liquidity (current ratio) in the impact of investment decisions and tax management on stock liquidity. In this regard, 140 companies (1400 year-company views) during the period 2010 to 2019 have been studied. In order to test the research hypotheses, a multiple linear regression model has been used using panel data with a random effects pattern. The results of this study show that at the same time, investment decisions based on the growth of current and fixed assets and tax management have a significant positive effect on stock liquidity. The results also showed that investment decisions based on the growth of current and fixed assets and tax management separately have a significant positive effect on stock liquidity. In addition, the results indicate that the company's liquidity has a positive and significant effect on the impact of investment decisions based on the growth of current assets and tax management (simultaneously and separately) on the liquidity of the company's shares. However, in this study, no evidence of significant impact of corporate liquidity on the simultaneous impact of investment decisions based on fixed asset growth and tax management on stock liquidity was found and also based on the evidence presented in this study, it was claimed that corporate liquidity can not influence growth decisions based on growth. Adjusts fixed assets on stock liquidity.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of CEO's power measures on tax management in listed companies in the Tehran Stock Exchange. In this study to evaluate the tax management, three scales which are tax avoidance, tax evasion and tax aggression is used. The data of 108 companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange from 2010 to 2017 are sellected. The regression model of the research is tested by panel data. The results show that the CEO's power has a negative and significant effect on tax management by using all three measures. That is, powerfull CEO's due to thier stock ownership, expertise, experience, more independence, have long term investment horizons, worry about tax penalties and also in order to prevent damaging to their reputation and to prevent increasing the transaction costs in tax management and non-tax cost, do less tax management. It is suggested that users always pay attention to this point in their investment decisions that decreasing of tax management leads to increasing liquidity risk and investment risk too.  </em></strong>

Tax is one of the most important business costs imposed on companies, which has a direct impact on the profitability and wealth of shareholders. Companies around the world often use tax management practices to find ways to reduce tax on profits from their operations. Tax administration is in fact a different tax planning strategy to reduce tax liabilities. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of corporate size moderator on the relationship between financial crisis, ownership structure and tax management. The ownership structure used in this research includes institutional ownership, management ownership, and state ownership. To analyze the data and test the hypotheses, the linear regression model has been used for estimating generalized least squares (EGLS). Evidence and empirical results of the research showed that financial and management ownership variables have a direct and significant effect and institutional ownership variables have a negative effect on corporate tax management. No significant relationship was found between government ownership and tax administration. The size of the company also strengthens the relationship between financial crisis and tax administration and weakens the relationship between institutional ownership and tax administration. Therefore, it is possible to get the conditions of the companies including the management system and their ability to provide financial resources as the determining factors of tax management. Also, the size of the company modifies the role of these factors in determining tax administration.

If a manager can reduce the effective tax rate in the long run and pay lower taxes, this implies tax management. The better this is handeled, the better the company's management, because it leads to an increase in net profit after tax. On the other hand, these accruals enable the managers to abuse the flexibility of the practices and accounting principles and distort the information content of earnings. Corporate governance reduces the occurrence of earnings management, and possibly improves investor's understanding of the companie's performance validity. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between characteristics of corporate governance, earnings management and tax management in companies listed on the stock exchange securities in Tehran. Hypothesis testing was performed using multivariate regression and panel data for the period from 2008 to 2014 and 160 companies among the companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange were selected as the sample using systematic elimination method. The results showed that the characteristics of corporate governance reduce earnings and tax management. These results are consistent with agency theory and indicate the ability of these surveillance tools to reduce the earnings management of the companies.

The aim of this research was to investigate the relationship between tax management and earnings management in business groups in the companies listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange, (TSE). To test the study hypotheses, the multiple linear regression model was used. The results from 126 companies listed in the TSE in the period 2007 to 2014 showed that there exists a significant negative relationship between earnings management and tax management.
Findings of this study indicated that the firms in business groups, compared with independent firms, concentrate on management of their earnings, more. Also, firms in diversified business groups, compared with independent firms, have more earnings management. Moreover, it seems that the increase in ownership share in main company in subsidiary results in more earnings management. With regard to motivation for earnings management, the results indicated that strategic earnings management in business groups, diversified and non-diversified, is in response to tax incentives. In particular, it seems that discretionary accruals in firms in business groups significantly depends on the effective tax rate. Finally, the results showed that earnings management are carried out specifically through the intra-group transactions.

Income tax appears in the income statement and has a major impact on the amount of net profit. In this paper, the effect of firm characteris-tics, industry type and institutional ownership on the management that cost is investigated. The criterion that used to measuring tax management is effective tax rate (ETR). The panel data method is used to analyze the data. Findings of investigating 75 firms in the 2003 to 2011 show that firm size will negatively affect the effective tax rate, which confirms the political power theory inIran. Also, a significant positive relationship was observed between debt ratio, inventory intensity and capital intensity with effective tax rate. However, there is no significant relationship between firm growth opportunities and life with effective tax rate. The findings indicate that industry type has a significant effect on the effective tax rate. Furthermore, the results evidence that institutional ownership negatively affect the effective tax rate of firms. This result suggests that institutional owners play an aggressive role in tax management.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between corporate governancecharacteristics and tax management of listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE). In this study, Board Size, Board Composition, Duality of the CEO, and Auditor Size are used as corporate governance characteristics. For measuring tax management, the five year average of effective tax rate is used. The data used has been extracted from firms listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange (TSX) in the period between 2007-2010. For data analysis and hypothesis testing, linear multivariable regression model has been used. The results from hypotheses testing show that there isn’t a significant relationship between Board Size and tax management. In other words, Board Size doesn’t have any impact on tax management in Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE). Also, the results show that there is a significant and negative relationship between Board Composition and effective tax rate. Other results show that there is a significant and positive relationship between duality of the CEO and effective tax rate. Also, there is a significant and negative relationship between Auditor Size and tax management.