اعتبارسنجی

Identifying a specific competency model for selecting managers in any organization is a suitable alternative for selecting efficient managers. The purpose of this research was to identify the competencies and design and validate the competency model of Iran Oil Terminal Company managers. In this study, 20 managers with high and normal performance were selected from among 45 managers. "Applicable" used both quantitative and qualitative methods (in-depth interview of behavioral events, expert panel and questionnaire) to collect and analyze data. Thematic analysis, job analysis, and Q methodology approaches were used to determine specific competencies. The final competency model of managers was designed in three dimensions of individual competency, managerial competency and organizational competency with 9 main themes and 43 basic themes. Validation findings showed that the compiled competency model is well able to predict outstanding and ordinary performance and therefore has "simultaneous cross-validation". Also, the findings of "simultaneous construct validation" showed that outstanding managers get higher scores in the competency model than ordinary managers. Also, the retest reliability of the competency model test was estimated at 0.87 and the reliability between two evaluators was estimated at 0.83.

This study validated the succession model in private and public hospitals. Therefore, the subject area of ​​this study is designing a succession model in the field of treatment with a comparative approach. Also, the spatial location of ​​this study is the universities of management and medical sciences as well as senior managers of private hospitals in Kerman. The statistical population of this study includes personnel of private and public hospitals in Kerman. The Cochran formula was used to determine the sample size, and based on its results, the number of statistical samples for this study is 384 people. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data for this study. Content validity was used to measure the validity of the research tool. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to measure internal consistency and the number was 0.749, indicating the questionnaire's high reliability. SmartPLS software was used to analyze the data. In this study, structural equation modeling and Smart PLS 3 software were used to verify the model and the relationship between variables and the concept of succession planning in both spatial domains, namely private and public hospitals. According to the research results, creativity, decision-making, control, communication, motivation, and leadership have a significant effect on succession planning, and the research results also indicate the validity of the model being evaluated.

This research was aimed at designing and validating the Podmani curriculum model (modular) for education skills training courses.

The present study was conducted in terms of applied objective and using a mixed sequential exploratory (qualitative-quantitative) data collection method of the data-based type (qualitative stage) and cross-sectional survey (quantitative stage). In the qualitative part of the data-based method, information was collected and examined using inductive analysis. In the quantitative stage, a researcher-made validation questionnaire was completed by 127 national experts in the field of education and training and curriculum, and after confirmatory factor analysis, this questionnaire and the modified modular curriculum model in education and training skills training courses, with 132 variables, were validated and presented after first and second-order confirmatory factor analysis and appropriate fit by R2, Q2 indices.

The research findings in the qualitative section, obtained from document analysis and interviews, were combined together, and the process of unification, elimination, and integration of key concepts was carried out. As a result, 17 main themes were identified, and in the quantitative stage, considering that the appropriate value for Cronbach's alpha is 0.7, for composite reliability is 0.7, and for all 17 categories, the AVE value is greater than or equal to 0.4, and all criteria in the factor loadings measurement section have appropriate values, it can be confirmed that the research has appropriate reliability and convergent validity.       

It can be concluded that the modular curriculum model can be used for education and training skills training courses.

Principals play an important role in running schools. Therefore, the implementation of the supervisory role of managers can help to improve the education system. The purpose of this research was to validate the model of implementing the supervisory role of secondary school principals in Wasit province of Iraq.

This research is quantitative-descriptive and practical in terms of research purpose. The statistical population included all secondary school principals in Wasit province of Iraq, and the sample size was 200 people based on the Morgan-Georgesi table and confirmed by sampling method. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data. The current questionnaire contains 68 items, which include the dimensions and components of the implementation of the supervisory role of secondary school principals in Wasit province of Iraq. Cronbach's alpha test was used to calculate the reliability of the research tool, and its value was 0.84.  To analyze the data, the method of structural equations was used with the help of Amos software.

The findings showed that the coefficients of covariance between research constructs, standard deviation, critical ratio and its significance levels are significant. According to the significance levels obtained from the covariance between the data for all the research constructs which is less than 0.05 (P-value < 0.05).

It can be said that the research structures are able to provide a model for the implementation of the supervisory role of secondary school principals in Wasit province of Iraq.

This research was conducted with the aim of compiling and validating the challenges and mechanisms of sales and marketing coordination in the insurance industry in Iran in order to improve organizational performance and create a competitive advantage. This study was conducted with a mixed (qualitative-quantitative) approach. In the qualitative part, by interviewing 15 insurance industry experts and using the foundation's data theory, the framework of the model was formulated. In the quantitative part, 181 managers and senior experts of insurance companies completed the questionnaires and the data were analyzed with SPSS software and validated with the sign test. The findings showed that the use of intelligent information technology platforms, a comprehensive platform for insurance services and the provision of real-time and periodical performance evaluation reports, the implementation of the risk management dashboard, the development of the organization's internal network infrastructure, and the commitment of the board of directors to organizational planning are very effective in this matter. It is recommended that managers increase coordination between sales and marketing departments by implementing and following up plans, holding training courses and defining operational plans.

Teachers have the main role in conveying educational content to students, and therefore, the development of their professional dimensions is inevitable for career advancement. The purpose of this research was to design and validate the self-development model of Iranian television school teachers.

The present research method was quantitative-survey and practical in terms of purpose. The statistical population included the teachers of Iran's elementary television school who taught on the Quran and Education Network during the Corona epidemic (161 people), and based on Cochran's formula, 113 people were selected as available sampling methods. The research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire based on qualitative interviews and theoretical literature. Face validity was used for validity and Cronbach's alpha test was used for reliability, and its value was 0.83. For data analysis, confirmatory factor analysis was used with the help of PLS ​​Smart software.

The findings showed that the path coefficient between value-attitude self-development in education and teaching and teachers' self-development is 0.704; between the self-directed learning of television school teachers and the self-development of teachers 0.712; The correlation between cognitive self-development in education and teaching and teachers' self-development was 0.745, between TV school teachers' self-development stimuli and teachers' self-development was 0.573, and between skill self-development in education and teaching and teachers' self-development was 0.640 (P<0.05).

It can be concluded that the self-development model of Iranian television school teachers is valid and the planners of the education system can pay attention to these results to improve the quality of teachers' self-development.

With the importance of lending in the banking industry, it is very important to use the indicators affecting credit to decide on lending. The purpose of the present study is to identify and prioritize the effective features in customer accreditation using the viewpoints of bank experts in Kerman and to compare them with existing indicators in models extracted from Meta-Heuristic and Artificial Intelligence methods. The aim is to find out whether there is a match between the human views that arise from knowledge and experience and the views of artificial intelligence that look at the problem as black-box modeling. Required data were collected by questionnaire method and Quantum Binary particle swarm optimization algorithm and analyzed by Delphi. The results show that the selected indices have 80% overlap between the two methods. Due to the results of research and high accuracy of artificial intelligence techniques, it is suggested that in order to give credit to customers in banks and financial and credit institutions, to consider a higher weight for these indicators.

 Design and validation of a scale to measure and position administrative seats in the political-professional spectrum.

The present study has been done with the deductive-inductive approach in two stages. In the qualitative stage, by referring to the theoretical foundations and conducting structured interviews with experts, scale items have been identified. In the quantitative stage, using face and content validity and Cronbach’s alpha and test-retest methods, the designed scale was validated.

 After reviewing the literature and conducting interviews and making corrections suggested by the experts, the initial questionnaire was prepared with 72 items. In the face validity review, five items were removed. After calculating the CVI, four items were removed, and after calculating the CVR, another six items were removed, and thus, the final questionnaire was adjusted with 61 items in 10 dimensions.

Lack of local field research on the subject of study in order to use their findings in the research.Practical Consequences: Using the introduced scale, it is possible to determine the type of seats in the Iran administrative organizations, and based on the obtained results, rewrite the descriptions of the political and professional job description to each seat. The consequences of this work are to prevent significant changes in administrative positions after each election and the establishment of a program-based system instead of a person-centered one, and, as a result, the realization of the goals set out in the high-level documents.Innovation or value of the Article: Providing operational indicators to determine the professional or political positions in the public administrative system.

In today's competitive environment, many complexities have been created for different organizations. Therefore, the analysis and consideration of these complexities in strategic decision-making are done using different systems simulation methods. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the selected strategies for an academic technology company using simulations of system dynamics. To design an appropriate system model in this study, the first dynamic system models were investigated and initial relationships were proposed for the selected company. The relationships of the designed model were evaluated using experts' knowledge in the form of questionnaires. Also, the most important factors for examining the outputs of this company were examined in other questionnaires. The validity and reliability of the questionnaires were evaluated based on Lauche and Cronbach's alpha methods before distributing the questionnaires among the demographic samples identified in this company. Based on the results obtained from the mentioned steps, a dynamic system model was designed for this company and its validation in different dimensions was examined. Finally, the effects of the selected strategic plans on the designed model were determined according to the most important criteria identified for this company. According to the results, each criterion has different fluctuations in different periods that the application of each strategy causes changes in the fluctuations. Therefore, the strategy was selected according to the importance of each criterion from the perspective of the managers of the selected company in different periods. The most effective strategy was introduced for this company based on results, as well.

The purpose of this study is to design and explain the accreditation model of organizational universities.

 In terms of purpose, this study is applied research that has been done in a case/context and with an exploratory approach. The study's statistical population is the qualitative phase of upstream documents and interviews with experts in the field of education and management, which theoretical saturation was obtained with 11 people. In a small phase, theoretical saturation was achieved by purposefully selecting ten relevant experts. For validity, a three-way technique and expert opinion were used, and for reliability, the agreement coefficient between coders was used, which was 0.94.

By analyzing the content of documents and interviews in MAXQUDA11 software, 1290 indicators were counted. With axial coding, the components and dimensions of the accreditation model of organizational universities were formed. The relevant model was presented using interpretive structural modeling in the second phase.

The research results are extracted in a model consisting of nine variables and five levels that indicate the importance of management and leadership, facilities, command system, faculty, and processes as the most effective criteria in the performance of military universities that affect the performance of other ones.

In this study, after a detailed and detailed review of past research in the field of supply chain, the research gap and its innovation were identified. The research innovation involved considering demand behavior as a function of product prices in competitive conditions and based on that, the aim was to develop a mathematical model to design a closed loop supply chain in competitive conditions. In such a price chain, it is a fundamental factor that can determine the amount of demand and consequently change the structure of the chain. For this purpose, in the third chapter, first a function between the amount of demand and the price of products was presented. Then, by completing the research assumptions, a two-objective mathematical model of the research was presented. The first goal is to reduce costs and increase chain revenue. In other words, the first goal is to maximize supply chain profits. The second goal is to focus on market share, and by increasing the desirability of sales centers, we seek to maximize market share. By presenting such a model, it is necessary to provide techniques for achieving several goals. In this regard, the SFLA algorithm to solve this mathematical model was described. This method is a new meta-heuristic algorithm based on the behavior of frogs. For this purpose, first, by solving the model as a one-objective, the model was validated and the results were proved to be correct, logical and reliable.

This mixed-methods research was conducted to identify and design the dimensions, components and factors of an excellence organizational climate and validate it. The qualitative phase of the study was based on the grounded theory and MAXQDA software while the quantitative stage was conducted using SPSS software. The research population comprised Iranian private banks from which a convenient sample was selected based on theoretical adequacy and availability during the qualitative phase. Interviews were run with the sample to reach the theoretical saturation. Further, the quantitative phase of the study started with a sample of 318 participants who had been selected based on a multi-stage cluster sampling procedure from 1815 employees using the Cochran formula. The reliability and validity of the qualitative and quantitative phases of the research were checked through Lincoln and Guba evaluation and Cronbach's alpha, respectively. The collected data were analyzed to explain the paradigmatic model of the excellent organizational climate that was then validated via Wilcoxon test. The findings indicated that the main dimensions of the excellence organizational climate include "employee credibility", "employee and management mutual respect" and "employees’ honoring the job and the organization" and that this model can promote organizational efficiency and profits, productivity, quality of professional life and organizational culture, branding and more willingness to work in a competitive environment.

Credit risk is one of the most important risks which banks and financial organizations face. It is related to unpaid and delayed installments. Banks evaluate their customers' credit in order to prevent this hazard. Development banks, which are the focus of this research, fund facilities based on working capital, so customers sometimes do fraud in declaring working capital. Considering fraud consequences and making a credit scoring model with sensitivity to fraud are the main aims of this research.  The statistical population of this research includes companies who have referred to branches of an Iranian Bank. This research includes 55 financial and non-financial variables based on the credit scoring model. In the first step, fraudulent companies have been realized. Finally, in order to offer an optimized and sustainable model through merging machine learning methods and reporting performance evaluation indicators, the impacts of fraud have been considered.

This research validates the model of cultural security in sustainable knowledge-based development. The research method is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of data collection method and mixed (quantitative-qualitative) in terms of the type of data. The statistical population in the qualitative section (interview section) comprised 15 experts and specialists familiar with cultural and scientific issues in the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology, who were selected by purposive sampling. The statistical population in the quantitative part included 551 experts and managers of the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology in 2019-20, from among whom, some 226 persons were selected by stratified random sampling. Both library research and field observation methods were employed for data collection. In the field observation method, in order to collect the qualitative part, interviews were conducted with a number of mangers enaged in cultural affairs, and in the quantitative part, the data was collected through a researcher-made questionnaire. The reliability of this questionnaire was estimated based on 0.86 Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Confirmatory factor analysis was used in relation to the validity of the obtained indices and also a questionnaire was designed to assess the validity of the model, which measured the dimensions of the final model using a single sample t-test. The results showed that the model was valid and the model of cultural security in the knowledge-based sustainable development gained the required validity with cultural, economic, social, environmental, political as well as national and religious factors.

One of the most important issues that credit & financial institutions are faced with, is the probability of non-fulfillment of obligations by the receivers of credit facilities on due dates. With an accurate forecast of risks, we will not only be able to do the relevant estimation of the premium and the percentage of required collaterals more precisely, we will also witness a meaningful decline in the volume of claims related to non-fulfillment of obligations covered under credit guarantees, a decrease in the debt recovery costs and increased efficiency, which all together, will pave the ground for more competitive operation of credit institutions. This research has been conducted with the aim of modeling the credit risk assessment of the clients of the Export Guarantee Fund of Iran (EGFI) using Kernel Support Vector Machines (KSVM- SVM) and Group Method Data Handling (GMDH) . The results of this research indicate that in credit risk assessment of the applicants of credit facilities, the KSVM based modeling is more reliable and accurate in comparison with other studied models. Also with regards to the model’s output ratios, 5 variables such as history of company (years in operation since foundation), credit tenor (term of the credit received), average of export operations (amount of exports made by the company since foundation), payment records and the company’s turnover and its balance of debt (financial stability of the client) have the highest impacts on the client’s credit assessment.

Credit risk assessment is one of the key issues for banks and financial institutions and various models have been developed for this. This study uses Case Based reasoning (CBR) Model and considers a database of bank credit customers to assess the credit risk of bank applicants. For this, 9 criteria were selected based on the experts' opinion and were weighted using the Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (FAHP). Return check, housing situation and income level are the most important criteria for credit risk assessment of the bank applicants. Then, using the TOPSIS Technique, we could evaluates the similarity of the new item with actual past cases or evaluate the new applicant with the ideal option, and uses a case-based reasoning model to predict the likelihood of default or non-default applicants. Survey research was applied for this study and the research community was the records of previous bank applicants between 1390-94 years.

Managers have always sought to predict the future of the company so that they may take an effective step in building or changing the future. This has led scholars in various fields to look for solutions to overcome the growing uncertainty phenomenon, with a particular focus on foresight and future studies. The purpose of the research is to increase the ability of companies to predict the future of the petrochemical industry and validation of different dimensions of the macro-level observatory model.

 This research is of mixed method, Interviewed in a qualitative section of managers with more than ten years in petrochemical industry and continued until the theoretical saturation, that included 20 interviews. The statements extracted from the interviews were extracted using the Charmaz approach and analyzed by MAXQDA software. The statistical population comprises 462 managers of the Persian Gulf Petrochemical Industries Company. The number of samples was determined by the Cochran formula at the error rate of 1%, 80 individuals. In the quantitative part, a researcher-made questionnaire was distributed among 90 managers of different companies in different levels, finally, 82 questionnaires were analyzed for analysis. Factor analysis was performed using SPSS and WarpPLS software for quantitative data analysis.

The Petrochemical Industry Observatory model was presented in the form of 7 main concepts, 21 axial concepts and 127 propositions. The validity of the developed model was measured in this respect the dimensions of the observatory model were confirmed. Model dimensions and significance coefficient for each of the dimensions of the macro level of the petrochemical industry include: Political (0.791), economic (0.952), environmental (0.596), social (0.402), technological (0.720), legal (0.842), and international (0.682). The identified dimensions of the macro level of the petrochemical industry as observatory data will lead to more knowledge and wisdom in order to make better decision makers.

Today, one of the most important concerns of police around the world is the effectiveness and efficiency of social crisis management and what can be most helpful in this area is the attention to professional ethics. Therefore, in this study, we tried to develop and validate the professional ethics model of police in three phase of crisis management by using the experts' opinion.

This study was descriptive-analytical. For this purpose, 35 police scientific and operational experts were selected through purposeful sampling and semi-structured interviews were conducted which resulted in identification of dimensions, components and model indicators. At the end, after preparing and finalizing the questionnaire by Delphi method, they were asked to complete the research questionnaire.

The model of police professional ethics in the three phase of crisis management (pre-crises, crises respond and post-crises) has six components and 29 indicators from the experts' point of view. According to the experts, the average of the components of police professional ethics in crisis management phases shows that the highest average belongs to the components of Preventive actions and Crisis Preparedness, and the lowest average belongs to the component of coercive actions with professional considerations. Also Smart-Pls software output showed that the coefficients of significance of the model were higher than 1.96, indicating that the validity of all six factors in the model of police professional ethics in crisis management phases was confirmed by experts.

The results of the study showed that the model had an acceptable validity and it was necessary for the police in the three phases of crisis management to consider certain norms based on their professional responsibility. For example, in the pre-crisis phase, preparing alert reports to the authorities and other responsible authorities. In the crisis respond, used peaceful tactics and used the coercive actions with special consideration. Lastly, address the healing needs of the community and police organization.

Considering the importance of the social capital subject and its unique role in the context of a multifaceted phenomenon such as sports that can underpin various interdisciplinary studies and be of interest to researchers, the necessity of having a valid and reliable instrument matching the context of sports is increasingly felt. Therefore, this study aimed at determining the validity and reliability of the Persian version of the Social Capital Questionnaire in recreational-sports clubs by Forsell, Tower, and Polman (2018). The methodology of this study is descriptive-survey, and in terms of purpose, it is an applied study. The power-based sample size estimation was performed using SPSS Sample Power software. Indices such as confirmatory factor analysis based on structural equation modeling were used to evaluate the validity and reliability of the tool. In addition, maximum and average shared variance (for discriminant validity), average variance extracted (for convergent validity), and Cronbach's alpha and combined reliability (to estimate internal consistency and component reliability) were used. The results of all indices showed the desirable evaluation of the instrument in the sport context. In other words, empirical data supported the theoretical model of research. Therefore, it is recommended that the Persian version of the Social Capital questionnaire in the sports context can be used as a suitable tool for studying and evaluating the social capital in sports.