انگیزه

The present study aimed to identify the motivations and barriers women face in pursuing school management positions and to determine strategies that could facilitate this pathway. This research employed a qualitative approach with classical grounded theory as its methodology. The field of study focused on female teachers who were candidates for managerial positions in Kurdistan province's school. Using purposive sampling and based on the theoretical saturation principle, 18 participants were selected for the study. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed via open coding and categorization. Research validity was ensured by adhering to the four criteria: Credibility, Dependability, Confirmability and Transformability. The findings revealed 241 open codes and 18 sub-concepts, which were categorized under three main themes: motivations, challenges, and strategies. The motivations included constructive innovation and transformation, personal growth and development, women's managerial competence, effective communication and collaboration, nurturing and developing students, and organizational justice and equality. The challenges highlighted societal stereotypes regarding women's management, lack of legal frameworks supporting women in management roles, role overload, women's resilience issues in managerial positions, unfair appointment practices, and lack of support from higher-level organizations. Finally, the strategies encompassed societal cultural development regarding women's managerial capabilities, provision of welfare facilities, merit-based appointments within a transparent process, and fostering a culture of gender equality.

The current research was conducted with the aim of design and validation of a model for the formation of low academic motivation in students.

The current research is applied in terms of purpose, and in terms of the data collection method, it is mixed exploratory (qualitative-quantitative), and in terms of the research implementation method, it is of the type of foundation data (qualitative phase) and cross-sectional survey (quantitative phase).The statistical population of the study in the qualitative section included all university professors, experts and specialists up to theoretical saturation of 12 people. The statistical population of the quantitative phase of the research included teachers, administrators and educational experts and students of the second secondary level in Tehran. Available sampling method was used for sampling in the quantitative part. Cochran's formula was used to calculate the sample size in this phase. By placing the parameters in the mentioned formula, the size of 385 people became the basis of the analysis. The data collection tool was a semi-structured in-depth interview in the qualitative part, a researcher-made questionnaire based on a five-point Likert scale in the quantitative part.

Based on the findings of the research in the qualitative part, the findings from the document analysis process and the interviews were combined with each other and the process of assimilation, elimination and integration of the obtained key concepts (examples and evidence) was carried out, which resulted in the identification of 129 key concepts (index), 31 categories and and 5 dimensions (causal factors, contextual factors, intervening factors, strategies and consequences). In the following, the quantitative part confirmed all the relationships of the qualitative part based on the structural equation model.

Based on the optimal fit of the designed model, this model can be used to deal with the low motivation of learners.

One of the key keywords in the speeches of the Supreme Leader, especially in the Second Step of the Revolution Statement, is sincere hope and a hopeful look based on objective realities about the future. Also, one of the most important priorities of the Farhangian University is the comprehensive education of student teachers, and to achieve this, it is necessary to conduct targeted needs assessment of their necessities, needs and interests that are effective in hopefulness and increasing their capabilities. Based on this, the authors of this study, using a descriptive-survey method and using a researcher-made questionnaire and a survey of 90 student teachers of the Farhangian University of Central Province, investigated hope- inspiring factors in the fields of education, research, welfare and upbringing, and by analyzing the statistical data carefully, prioritized these factors from their perspective to provide more realistic conditions for university planners in order to advance the lofty educational and upbringing goals. The findings of this study show that the aforementioned hope- inspiring factors, in order of priority in the field of education, spiritual upbringing, research, physical upbringing and welfare, can have a positive impact on the stability of motivation and increasing the hope of student teachers.

The present research was conducted with the aim of knowing the motivational factors affecting the demand for literary tourism in Iran by using the theory of push and pull motivational factors, the ranking of the motivational factors affecting the demand for literary tourism, has been discussed.This research is practical in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of method. The structural equation modeling method was used to analyze the data. The main tool for data collection was a questionnaire. The questionnaire was distributed among the domestic and foreign literary tourists, using non-probability random sampling.The results of the surveys showed that the driving factors, the highest average is related to psychological factors. Among the tensile factors, the highest average is associated to intangible factors. In general, psychological factors have the highest average and search factors, intangible factors, tangible factors, physical factors and social interactions have the next ranks respectively.

Opinion on the armed forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran, always against arrogant conspiraciesA world of strength and necessary preparation for it, this requirement can have a dutyArmed forces, efficient and motivated to use military devices. Of course, the more people the more motivatedIf they are present, they will be successful in carrying out combat and operational operations, and they will be able to do so.Your missions will be successful if you have dedicated, expert, efficient and motivated employees.

This research is applied and developmental in terms of purpose. In this research, study tools and vouchersSurvey, interview and researcher-made questionnaire regarding the effective factors on improving the service motivation of interpreter duty employeesAja has been used. The statistical population of this research is employees with more than 10 months of service, which is estimated at 160 peopleand using Morgan's table, the number of samples is 114 people. In the qualitative part, researchers are also expertshas referred.

The findings of this research indicate the recognition of internal and external organizational factors that are effective in improving service motivationThe staff is responsible for interpreting and prioritizing the identified factors.

The results of this research show that internal and external organizational factorsIt has a significant effect on improving the service motivation of Dezhban Aja employees.

Job motivation is always considered as one of the most effective factors in increasing the productivity of organizations. The aim of the present study is to systematically review researches on improving the motivation of police officers with the meta-composite method.

The current research is applied in terms of purpose; In terms of research method, it is qualitative; From the point of view of the data collection method, it is among documentary researches. The scope of the study includes all motivation articles at the level of the armed forces between 1392 and 1402 and all foreign articles on the motivation of police officers from 2013 to 2023, and it uses the meta-combination method. and systematic review has been used.Due to the time limitation and the massive volume of studies, only suitable articles in this regard were observed and firstly, and with the searches conducted in 4 internal databases and 4 external databases, 91 researches on motivation in police officers were found, of which 56 were 35 studies were selected due to defects and omissions.

The findings showed that improving the motivation of police officers had 3 dimensions, 17 components and 93 indicators. Individual dimension has six components of positive feeling towards job, work experiences, job motivation, resilience, trust and autonomy, organizational dimension has nine components of organizational atmosphere, job characteristics, organizational justice, organizational culture, work relations, leadership skills. Management support, reward system and job security and environmental dimension had 2 components of job opportunities outside the organization and social environment.

According to the findings, it can be stated that improving the productivity of the organization, increasing the quality level of employees' services, providing a suitable platform for their creativity and empowerment, and a positive view of problems and obstacles in order to improve work is

This study examined the relationships among team cohesion, employee motivation, and innovative behavior, focusing on the mediating role of a design thinking mindset. The intent was to understand dynamics driving innovation within organizations and identify future research directions considering various mediating factors in different organizational environments.

Data was gathered through a survey of 283 employees from various innovation-focused businesses. Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The interplay among team cohesion, employee motivation, innovative behavior, and the design thinking mindset as a potential mediator, was examined using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) aided by Partial Least Squares (SMART PLS).

While no statistically significant direct correlation between employee motivation and innovative behavior was found, a strong positive relationship was discovered between team cohesion and innovative behavior. Importantly, a design thinking mindset was identified as a significant mediator in these relationships, enhancing the influence of team cohesion and motivation on innovation.

The study highlighted the importance of nurturing a design thinking mindset within organizations. When combined with team cohesion and employee motivation, it amplifies innovative behavior. These findings have significant implications for organizations aiming to foster a robust culture of innovation amidst growing competitive pressures. Future research should further explore potential mediating factors impacting innovative behavior across various organizational contexts.

This study examines the effect of successive monetary-rewards on employee satisfaction using an experimental method with the participation of 109 ICT professionals in China. Participants took a computerized-ideation-test with random rewards. Data were collected using the post-test ideation process and Gussman’s business model by SPSS and analyzed by the mixed-model-method.The research findings challenge the dominant literature in the area of motivation and satisfaction, and show that monetary-rewards increase satisfaction only in the first allocation, but even if they are continued, do not increase satisfaction, so that although paying a bonus in the first round, satisfaction is at its highest value in all groups, but in all subsequent periods, decreases significantly, so that in all groups, satisfaction during and at the end of the period is lower than the beginning of the period. Also, although the highest level of satisfaction was observed in the group receiving the highest reward, did not lead to an improvement in ideation-performance and an increase in the idea-quality.Our results contrast with many previous studies that report a positive relationship between rewards, motivation, satisfaction, and performance and questions the effectiveness of monetary-rewards in increasing employees’ long-term motivation, and satisfaction, and performance. Therefore, human resource managers of organizations should carefully monitor the use of rewards for specialists, because by providing continuous bonuses, despite spending resources, it leads to a decrease in the satisfaction and performance of experts in the long term.

The current research was conducted with the aim of investigating the lack of or weakness of employees' motivation for active and purposeful attendance in training classes while serving government organizations. This research was conducted with a qualitative research method, in which a semi-structured interview tool developed by the researcher was used to collect data. The statistical population of the research included those involved in the field of education. The sampling method of the research was purposeful and snowball type. The research data reached saturation through interviews with 25 individuals. The data was analyzed based on grounded theory. The results of the data analysis revealed 9 general categories to answer the question of why there is a lack of or low motivation for active and purposeful participation in in-service training courses for public company employees and 10 general categories to answer the question of how to create or increase motivation for active participation and target was in the training courses while serving the employees of government companies. These categories for the why question include "lack of accurate needs assessment", "managers' lack of familiarity with managerial roles", "students", "incompetence of instructors", "lack of attention to employee motivation in planning training courses" and categories for the question of how includes "accurate needs assessment", "educational management in government organizations", "using professional instructors" and "paying attention to employee motivation in planning training courses".

The importance of consumer behavior in social commerce is not hidden from anyone. By understanding consumer behavior, businesses can design appropriate strategies for marketing and selling their products. It allows marketers to identify the different needs and wants of different customer groups and design appropriate strategies for each group. Also, a better understanding of the motivations of customers to buy helps businesses to further evaluate the benefits they get from them. The research method of this study is analytical-descriptive of correlation type. The statistical population of this research consists of all consumers of sportswear with Iranian-Islamic tendencies in Zanjan province. The statistical sample is equal to 540 people and the non-probability sampling method is quota and snowball type. The data collection tool is a questionnaire, content validity, convergence and divergence, and reliability were confirmed by calculating Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability.The results of the analysis using the method of structural equations of projection and using Smart PLS software showed: 1) There is a significant relationship between internal motives (hedonic motive and altruistic motive) and external motives (perceived pressure and external rewards) with knowledge sharing behavior of Iranian-Islamic consumers. 2) There is a significant relationship between knowledge sharing behavior and purchasing behavior of Iranian-Islamic consumers and between imitation and purchase intention in social commerce. 3) product uncertainty, product fit uncertainty and seller uncertainty moderate the relationship between imitation and purchase intention and 4) There is a significant relationship between purchase intention and purchase behavior of Iranian-Islamic consumers in social commerce.

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The results of this study will be useful for designing the new approaches in development of tourism industry of Iran and will help managers and marketers toward international cultural foundating and improving tourism marketing performance.

Dark tourism is a special dimension of tourism that examines the impact of the negative aspects of a tourist destination tourist attraction or repulsion. The special conditions of tourism and the negative political propaganda of the West are among the factors that have necessitated attention to this issue. This study was designed to survey the model of emotional response in the dark tourism environment in Iran based on the role of experience and motivation and with a practical approach and a descriptive survey method.

The statistical population is all foreign tourists referring to the city of Yazd in the fall of 2019, in 170 responders that randomly selected. Considering the validity and reliability of the measurement and structural models and the appropriate fit and quality of the model

The results showed that the motivation to experience; Experience on emotional response; and motivation has a significant effect on emotional

One of the most important components of successful entrepreneurs is decision-making in a situation that can bring many dangers and risks to them. Entrepreneurs should always make tough decisions in the conditions of uncertainty and ambiguities in the startup environment and move toward their goals based on those decisions. These decisions accompanied by risk, whether financial, social or similar, can in turn determine the success or failure of the entrepreneur. In this research, we investigate the effect of the two components of working memory and motivation on the level of risk-taking of potential entrepreneurs, and we also observe the effect of age changes on each of these variables. The sample studied in this research is 142 potential entrepreneurs who intend to start a business in the future. We used a standard questionnaire to collect information related to people's motivation, and to measure their working memory performance and risk-taking, we used computerized cognitive tests of CANTAB software. The selected people are from the startup teams of the Convergent Technologies Research Institute of Tehran University. All these people have done their test individually in an isolated environment located in the Research Institute of Convergent Technologies of Tehran University in full compliance with the test protocol. In the research findings section, the relationships between the main and secondary variables were investigated and compared with the research hypotheses. The two indices that are important for measuring the fit of the research model are Chi-square and NFI, which are suitable if they are above 5% and 0.9, respectively, which was also the case in the findings of the present study. Then the coefficients of determination and effect size were examined. In the conclusion part of the research, we examined why some hypotheses were rejected and some were confirmed, and with the help of previous literature, we examined why each one. This research showed that there is a significant relationship between motivation and risk-taking performance of potential entrepreneurs. Also, by changing the motivation level of potential entrepreneurs, their working memory performance can be affected. On the other hand, the age variable was related to all variables of working memory, motivation, and risk-taking, but its relationship with motivation was contrary to existing literature, and our findings could not be properly aligned with previous studies. The reason for this can be motivated by the breadth of literature and it is better to consider more factors in another research. With the help of the findings of this research, entrepreneurs can be helped to make their risky decisions with higher quality and thus take a smoother path to reach their entrepreneurial goals. Finally, we know that entrepreneurs are one of the important elements of economic progress and helping them succeed can help the economy and welfare of the society

The desire to pursue entrepreneurial ideas and persisting in the idea development path is considered a motivational-cognitive issue. A person's beliefs have a significant impact on his motivation and are the reason for some of his behaviors and actions. Despite the importance of cognitive and emotional factors in idea development and their role in entrepreneurs' energy, thoughts and decisions; sadly, no research has looked at the process of pursuing entrepreneurial ideas through the lens of entrepreneurs' beliefs. Therefore, the current research was conducted with the aim of explaining the role of entrepreneurs' beliefs in the process of pursuing entrepreneurial ideas. This research is exploratory in terms of the purpose, and due to its exploratory nature, it has utilized a thematic analysis method. In order to explore the entrepreneurial beliefs’ role when pursuing an idea, in-depth and semi-structured interviews were carried out with 16 entrepreneurs in six accelerators at Tehran and then the findings were analyzed through three stages of coding. Based on the results, entrepreneurs' beliefs affect their motivation and decisions about pursuing or abandoning the idea, so the entrepreneur's rational beliefs strengthen the advancement of the idea and his irrational beliefs reduce the motivation to pursue an idea. Findings show that during the pursuit of ideas, the social and contextual conditions are interpreted by rational and irrational belief systems and finally lead to the emergence of three categories of behavior including constructive, confrontational and threatening.

The objective of this study was to design a digital marketing model for small online retail businesses in Iran using a mixed approach.

A mixed approach was used in this study, involving 11 experts in the qualitative section and 240 managers, entrepreneurs, and experts of small online retail businesses in the quantitative section. Data collection tools included semi-structured interviews and researcher questionnaires. Qualitative data analysis was conducted using the foundational data theory method and Max QDA software, while the partial least squares technique and SmartPLS 2.0 software were used to test hypotheses.

The study identified six categories of factors affecting digital marketing in small online retail businesses in Iran, including causal conditions, contextual factors, strategies, central phenomenon, intervening factors, and consequences. The study proposed a digital marketing model based on these factors and found that the model had sufficient validity based on the results of the quantitative part of the study. The study identified targeted marketing as the main category of background conditions, time and cost management as the main categories of causal conditions, and indicators related to giving customers the right to choose, maintaining and retaining customers, providing services according to customers' needs, appropriate relationships with customers, and creating value as the main categories of digital marketing factors. The study also identified the competitiveness of companies as the most important intervening factor and economic development and service quality improvement as the main categories of outcomes.

The study's findings can be used to help small online retail businesses in Iran develop effective digitalmarketing strategies. The mixed approach used in this study, combining qualitative and quantitative methods, was effective in identifying the factors affecting digital marketing in small online retail businesses in Iran. The proposed digital marketing model can be a useful tool for small online retail businesses to improve their digital marketing performance and compete in the market. The study's findings highlight the importance of targeted marketing, time and cost management, and customer-focused digital marketing strategies in small online retail businesses in Iran. The model's validity was confirmed by the results of the quantitative part of the study. Overall, the study provides valuable insights into the development of digital marketing strategies for small online retail businesses in Iran.

This study aims to design a developing model of employee’s intention to stay at their work in NIGC based on the grounded theory. In term of fundamental purpose, this study can be consider as a practical research. However, in nature it is a survey research and finally in term of paradigm, it is an exploratory sequential mix method research. Exploratory method was used in qualitative approach in order to identifying the main components of employee’s intention to stay at work and the related influenced factors. In part of quantitative method, the developed model was tested with collected data by using SEM. As the results, The accuracy of the developed model was confirmed and it was found that the selected contents, dimensions and indicators was highly accurate and could provide a adequate framework for developing a model of employees intention to stay at work in Iranian national gas company as well.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors affecting the amount of sports walking (case study of police force employees).

The statistical population included all the male employees of the Khorasan Razavi police force, of which 384 were selected as a sample by stratified sampling. The Face and content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by experts and its reliability was obtained using Cronbach's alpha above 0.7. In the data analysis, descriptive statistics and inferential statistics such as Friedman's test and t-test were used in SPSS version 26 software.

The results of the research showed that internal motivations and external motivations were recognized as factors driving the participation of police command staff in sports walking. Also, according to psychological-personal factors, not having access to facilities, facilities and facilities and lack of interest were among the factors preventing the participation of police command staff in sports walking.

The results of the current research on the need to strengthen indicators such as strengthening the internal and external motivations of employees, suitable sports facilities and equipment, preparing arrangements for the movement of military forces during work or leisure time, establishing organizational rules, determining rewards, creating social connections, holding competitions. Sports and introduction of selected athletes, holding sports workshops and conferences, examining the psychological and individual issues of employees and using various sports activities in order to make employees interested in sports are emphasized.

Organizations that seek to maintain and improve their position, rely on their planning to improve the motivation of commanders, chiefs and managers. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to identify and provide solutions to improve the motivation of commanders, chiefs and police managers.

This research is exploratory and conducted using a qualitative method, the statistical population is all police commanders and managers in the country and the sample size is 31 of them who were selected purposefully. The data collection tool was a semi-structured interview that was conducted until the theoretical saturation of the researcher, and finally the data was analyzed using the content analysis method as inclusive, organizing and basic themes.

After data analysis, 3 main themes including material, spiritual and organizational motivators with 37 sub-themes were identified.

The results show that the country's law enforcement command should use a comprehensive approach and appropriate planning in accordance with the three high, middle and operational levels of command and law enforcement management to strengthen and improve the level of material incentives such as "appropriate service facilities, Welfare facilities and proper encouragement and punishment", spiritual motivators such as "promoting the culture of martyrdom, creating a spiritual atmosphere, promoting Islamic lifestyle and creating sincere and fraternal relationships" and organizational motivators such as "paying attention to youthfulness in appointments, creating an atmosphere of healthy competition , effective monitoring and evaluation, the possibility of improving the level of knowledge and education of police commanders.

The readiness of the equipment and the correct management in their maintenance and use play an effective role in achieving the goals and survival of the organization, the result of which will be reducing waste and increasing the efficiency and availability of the equipment with the lowest cost. In order to achieve these goals, it seems useful to identify motivating factors and accordingly apply correct policies. This research was carried out with the aim of identifying the factors influencing the motivation of PAYOR drivers in maintaining corporate vehicles.

This research is a grounded theory in terms of qualitative type and in terms of method. The community includes experts (managers and experts in the field of internet and transportation in Kermanshah province) and drivers of the organization Payor, 23 of whom were interviewed in a semi-structured manner until the saturation of information was reached. Interview texts were analyzed by three-step coding method.

After the open coding of the data, 183 primary themes were collected, which were collected through central and selective coding in the form of causal conditions (education, car quality, safety, individual-personality and demographic factors), phenomenon-oriented (maintenance), intervening conditions (type of supervision, status social, rights, benefits and financial security, performance evaluation), contextual factors (job security, ambiguity in laws and inefficient administrative culture), strategies (learning and individual and organizational relationships) and consequences (commitment) were formulated.

The activation of car maintenance motivation, which is effective in increasing the life of the car, is affected by the interaction of individual-organizational factors and leads to financial savings in the organization.

The systematic development of tourism and the use of many capabilities to improve the current tourism situation in the country requires the use of tourism planning, so that due to the existing sensitivity and subtlety of the community and the needs of tourists, the capabilities of this The industry used the development and development of society. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of location attachment, promote location and motivation on the intention to visit with the modest role of imagination in the Tourism Complex of Alisadr Tourism Complex in Hamadan. The present study is a descriptive research for the purpose of collecting data. The method of modeling structural equations with PSS software is used to analyze the analysis. The questionnaire tool has been used to collect data. The results showed that location attachment, location promotion and motivation had a significant impact on visiting intent. And the results also showed that the imagination on the impact of place attachment, the promotion of place and the motivation on the intention to visit had a significant effect.