بحران

Stakeholders in the tourism industry can enhance their resilience to recover from crises and positively impact the national economy. By considering socio-cultural capacities, stakeholders can turn crises into opportunities for growth and sustainable development. Therefore, focusing on building and enhancing the resilience of tourism industry stakeholders is essential for sustainable development. In this regard, the present study aims to provide a resilience model for tourism industry stakeholders by leveraging socio-cultural capacities in selected tourism provinces of Iran (Tehran, Yazd, Isfahan, and Hamedan). This research is fundamental in nature, employing a qualitative research method and conducted using the grounded theory approach. Data were collected through purposive theoretical sampling and in-depth interviews with research experts. The data were then analyzed using data analysis principles and coding foundations with the assistance of MAXQDA software. As a result, the research model is presented in six main categories (causal conditions, the main phenomenon, contextual conditions, intervening factors, strategies, and consequences), six main themes (cultural and spiritual excellence of society, culture of support and innovation, challenges of the tourism industry, resilience of tourism industry stakeholders, resilience management, and resilient and sustainable tourism industry), 18 sub-themes (spiritual health, social cohesion and solidarity, innovation and creativity, governmental and non-governmental support, challenges of the tourism industry, creating resilience and preserving the governing values of the tourism industry, utilizing social and cultural capacities, etc.), and 64 conceptual codes. The implementation of the proposed model is expected to be utilized to enhance the resilience and performance of the tourism industry.

Tourism services are one of the most vital industries on world economy, and at the same time, they are very prone to crisis. Important unexpected events that affect tourism may include external conditions such as natural disasters, epidemic diseases, terrorist attacks, financial crises, as well as internal events such as family crises. In addition, incidents such as political, economic, social and technological issues can disrupt the performance of tourism-related organizations and require the response of regional tourism organizations and local authorities in order to minimize damage of tourism destinations. A wide range of tourism services such as accommodation, transportation, reception, tour guide, and many others are affected by various crises. therfore, crisis management in tourism, both at the level of the organization and at the level of tourism destinations, is a big challenge. Tourism is inherently vulnerable to countless crises, from epidemics to terrorist attacks, and can significantly affect its performance and reputation. The occurrence of various crises in tourism activity is inevitable and can occur in form of natural and human hazards in tourism community and endanger the safety of tourists. Therefore, the research was conducted with the aim of identifying and prioritizing the factors that create emergency (critical) conditions in tourism tours.

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This research examines how the intelligence of certain entrepreneurs allows them to effectively navigate crisis situations and even seize entrepreneurial opportunities in such markets. The Covid-19 crisis, wars in the West Asian region, terrorist groups and international sanctions have created complex conditions for Iranian entrepreneurs. crisis can be a suitable field for studying entrepreneurial learning. Here we want to study the entrepreneurial learning process in crisis conditions and describe and explain this process as much as possible.

This study is a qualitative research conducted using a multiple case study method of eleven founders of knowledge-based businesses in Iran who had gone through various crises, but were successful not only in the Iranian market but also expanded their services in international markets.

The findings of this research indicate the importance of learning from the experience of past crises to manage current and future crises. Also, entrepreneurs go to trial and error and develop new products in crisis situations where old and reliable solutions don't work and communicate with customers to evaluate their ideas.Studying and learning from other people's experiences is also a topic that has been very little discussed in the literature. The entrepreneurial learning literature seems to direct entrepreneurs to personal experience to learn any subject, while the study of entrepreneurs rejects this.Finally, regarding the consequences of learning in crisis, this study shows that learning from the internal network can lead to exploitative and explorative learning at the same time, but external networks can only lead to explorative learning.This research expands previous results regarding the outcomes of entrepreneurial learning and presents a new perspective on the learning process in crisis situations.The main streams of literature in the field of entrepreneurial learning have paid very little attention to the learning process, especially in certain situations such as crisis situations. Understanding this issue can help us how businesses can overcome crisis conditions. On the other hand, crisis is a suitable field for the entrepreneurial learning process to be investigated more clearly.

This research has been carried out to design a model for promoting crisis management with an emphasis on the role of social media among armed forces employees. The research method is qualitatively based on the thematic analysis method. The statistical population included people who had both academic and practical experience in the field of media and crisis management, and finally, 17 people were selected as a statistical sample. According to the findings of the research, mass media have five main functions in crisis management: directing public opinion, monitoring and monitoring the environment, training, informing, and creating public solidarity. The findings of this research show that social media can play a significant role in the country's crisis management, and therefore the officials of the country's military forces are recommended to act based on the presented model to predict the crisis in time, prevent it and prepare to deal with it to pay.

Currently, investing in the stock market constitutes a significant portion of the country's economy. Securities are considered a reliable tool for gaining the trust of investors and are associated with various levels of risk. This approach can gather small and dispersed investments that, on their own, cannot be effectively utilized and transform them into substantial financial resources for economic development. In stock markets, price fluctuations are highly sensitive, leading to regular analysis and monitoring of these changes. As a result, stock price prediction has gained significant importance for investors, enabling them to maximize their returns and assisting them in making informed investment decisions. In recent years, modern time-series prediction methods based on artificial intelligence and machine learning have advanced rapidly. Given the high value of this data for investment and stock price prediction, traditional data analysis methods face limitations in effectively learning from it. With technological advancements and the introduction of new techniques, such as neural networks and metaheuristic algorithms, the use of these methods for stock price prediction has seen significant growth. In this study, the capability of various models based on neural networks optimized by two algorithms, Harris Hawk Optimization (HHO) and Honey Badger Algorithm (HBA), in predicting the stock price trends of two companies, Iran Khodro and Isfahan Oil Refinery, in the Tehran Stock Exchange over the next 10 days, is examined. The results of these two algorithms are compared using metrics such as MSE, RMSE, MAE, RSE, and EVS. The findings of this research indicate that the HBA algorithm outperforms the HHO algorithm, with accuracies of 75% and 76% in predicting the stock prices of Iran Khodro and Isfahan Oil Refinery, respectively, compared to the HHO algorithm's accuracies of 73% and 67%.

In the new era and the third millennium, crises have become an inseparable reality from the internal nature of organizations. Crises are actually caused by natural and unnatural events and factors, and they inflict damage on a human community or community, which can affect consumer behavior. This research is applied in terms of purpose and with emphasis on a combination strategy of successive exploratory type. Which is implemented by interpretive structural method. The statistical population included university professors and the executive organs of the province in the field and mission of crisis management as research experts, whose consumption behavior in crisis situations has been studied. Findings showed that at the highest level (first level) is the economic factors that have the least influence on other factors. After psychological factors are at the lowest level (fourth level) which acts as the foundation stone of the model, so the behavior Consumers in the statistical community mentioned in crisis situations are strongly influenced by psychological factors.

The principle of maintaining the survival and improving the power of the troops in critical situations in order to be stable in the continuation of the mission is of particular importance to those responsible for maintaining order and security, and the officials are ready to support the units according to their inherent duties by making the necessary arrangements and applying basic measures to meet the food needs of the troops. Supply, distribute, and store ready-made meals in accordance with the nutrition standard, following a uniform pattern. To always, improve the level of operational efficiency and the mental and physical morale of the troops and to have a continuous mission. This article is about presenting the model and model of how to provide food to the internal acting forces in crises and unrest and urban disturbances, which in this research was done using the semi-structured interview method and the snowball rule and library studies to collect information. The statistical population of this research is 18 people from logistic and support officials who directly played a role in the preparation of riots in 1401, as well as a number of logistic officials and managers of the security headquarters. The findings indicate that currently feeding the forces operating in urban crises and riots is not done with a reasonable and adequate food plan, but it reaches the operating forces at the right time. The provided food is not of appropriate quality and suited to different seasons of the year and it needs reconsideration in packaging and the vehicles that carry, which was solved by suggesting solutions.

The present study, titled "Modeling the Crisis of Change Management in the Implementation of Emerging Technologies: An Analytical Approach for Public Organizations Using ANP and VIKOR," examines the key factors influencing change management during the implementation of new technologies in public organizations. This research is applied in nature and follows a descriptive-analytical method. The statistical population includes senior managers and experts of a specific government organization with a purposive sample size of 35 experts. Primary data were collected through document reviews, reports, and expert opinions, and analyzed using the Analytic Network Process (ANP) for weighting criteria and the VIKOR technique for ranking them. The findings indicate that organizational leadership, employee training, organizational resistance, financial resources, and technological infrastructure are critical factors in managing change. Among these, organizational leadership, with a Q value of 0.10, ranked as the highest priority and was identified as the key to mitigating managerial crises. These results highlight that focusing on effective leadership and employee empowerment can enable more successful strategies in implementing new technologies in public organizations. This study demonstrates that hybrid multi-criteria decision-making models like ANP and VIKOR are effective tools for analyzing and prioritizing factors influencing change management, providing practical guidance for managers to enhance change processes.

While communication infrastructure was under development in the country, modern communication tools in the form of cyberspace gained increased usability and hence spread rapidly. In this process, while facilitating communication, new opportunities and threats are being inherently introduced, though this has not been followed up with regard to the ability of this process to create and exacerbate security crises in the country, commensurate with the technical development of these infrastructures. This puts Google in a peculiar position, since it has several services and products online. Their importance relates to the emphasis that the Supreme Leader has put on this research, and it relates to the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The general question of this research is that, "What are the capabilities of the cyberspace Google to create and expand security crises in the country?" This research, owing to its nature, is an applied research based on a descriptive-analytical method where in the collection of data; the method of a documentary study has been used. It also used a qualitative method for data analysis and did thematic analysis. Among various products of Google, which have been used by people in Iran, several instances that are most consumed are selected and analyzed based on the question of the research. Some of the most significant threats which are connected with the most known and widely used Google services include: espionage, directing subversive actions, assassination, contamination, disruption of crisis management, undermining of the moral grounds in society, creation of conditions for, initiation, expansion, and acceleration of public discontent, determination of the grounds for crises and disturbances, acting as a catalyst and accelerator of crises, providing anti-security training, identifying the supply and demand market and critical inventories.

The implementation of passive defense requirements and considerations will reduce the vulnerability of the country's manpower, buildings, facilities and equipment against unnatural threats (explosion, military attacks, sabotage and security threats) created by the enemy. This causes the continuation of essential activities and reduces the vulnerability of infrastructures, places, facilities and equipment when the threat occurs. Today, the new technology of the Internet of Things has been able to create fundamental changes in human life by connecting the physical world and the digital world to each other and connecting objects with objects and objects with humans. The great impact of new technologies in the prevention and management of crises made us evaluate the impact of the Internet of Things in the prevention of man-made crises in the judiciary. The current research is applied and developmental in terms of purpose, and in terms of qualitative-descriptive nature, it investigated the current situation in the field research method. The statistical population is university professors and executive elites in the Isfahan judiciary and the headquarters of the judiciary. The sample size is18 people who were selected by snowball method. The data collection tool was an in-depth interview and a questionnaire, the content validity method was used to determine its validity, and the Cronbach's alpha method was used to determine the reliability of the test. The software used for data analysis is SPSS 23. The Delphi technique has been used in various stages of the research, including determining the main axes and indicators, designing questionnaire questions, and analyzing data. According to the results of using the Internet of Things in the prevention of man-made crises in the judiciary, based on the twenty-first topic of the National Building Regulations, 65.82 percent of gas facilities safety, 41 electrical and mechanical facilities, respectively. 59.0%, fire 35.32%, security cases 25.58%, shelter 8.28% and water stress 7%.

Companies in the new era are always exposed to challenges and crises, and in this situation, only companies succeed in overcoming these challenges if the management takes advantage of the opportunities caused by the crisis and challenges and can create the conditions for activity and Provide passage through the challenge. The purpose of this research is to identify the challenges of project management in the face of the Corona crisis with an entrepreneurial approach in Iran's oil and gas industry.

The method of research: this study, by double - checked the resources of a library and a deep interview with 14 employees at the entrepreneurs ' feet, tried to identify the effectiveness of the project's management in the face of its crisis.

In the first stage of the research and by reviewing the studies, 432 propositions were collected and after two stages of content analysis, 24 challenging issues were identified in the project management of plans and projects in the oil and gas industry, then by distributing a Likert scale questionnaire among the experts Project management in the oil and gas industry was focused on prioritizing the identified challenging issues.

The results showed that climatic, social, political and cultural characteristics in facing the Corona crisis play a decisive role in turning challenges into opportunities or threats. Also, things like theoretical and practical preparation in the face of crisis, passive defense and social culture and personal ethics are of the highest importance in the opinion of the experts of this industry, and these issues should be organized before the crisis occurs.

In recent years, the world has seen an increase in catastrophic events. One important challenge for the countries is their vulnerability to natural disasters. The present study aims to identify and explain the effective indicators of knowledge management for the management of natural disasters in Iran.

This is a descriptive survey study (qualitative/quantitative). Participants were the members of the crisis headquarters in Mazandaran Province and the experts in urban crisis management (n=50). Library method was used to assess theoretical foundations, definitions and concepts. To collect information, a researcher-made questionnaire was used whose validity and reliability were confirmed using content validity and test-re-test method, respectively. The collected data were described using descriptive statistics in SPSS software, version 22.

The results confirmed the role of knowledge management in three domains: Crisis management process, the specialized equipment for rescue operations, and factors influencing crisis management. The coefficient of importance for each component was calculated separately. The total score was 327 for the crisis management process, 386 for the specialized equipment for rescue operations, and 468 for factors influencing crisis management.

In evaluating the role of knowledge management in management of natural disasters in Iran, its impact on the factors influencing crisis management is more important than the impact on crisis management process and the specialized equipment for rescue operations. Knowledge management can play a vital role by ensuring the availability and access to accurate and reliable information about disasters and through effective education.

Global crises generally have two major effects on cinema: a group that boosts the business of this art industry and another group that brings it to the border of closure. Many social crises cause the closing of movie theaters, which has a significant impact on the business of the Seventh Art Industry; as we saw during the Corona epidemic, many countries in the world closed their movie theaters due to the gathering of people in order to prevent the transmission of the Covid-19 virus. This issue has had a huge impact on the sale of motion pictures and with the sharp drop in the market, many companies have introduced other ways to earn profits. There were even more problems in Iran. First of all, there is no studio system in our country. Some of the films are produced by the government and some privately. The works that are supported by the government are often not concerned about sales, and the works of the private sector, following the traditional production line, did not have the ability to create a security margin to pass the Corona period. During the epidemic, the country's cinemas were closed and it was even rumored that some theaters were rented out for official ceremonies and weddings in order to return the minimum fixed costs to the owner's account. The production of works went down and many old actors and actors of the cinema faced serious financial problems. The screenings were postponed and thus, the hands of the producers were left empty. No one knew what was going to happen and gradually, experimentally, our cinema learned how to save itself from the quagmire of such crises. But this happened at a heavy cost and did not create a suitable infrastructure and a modern and standard business model, and even now the situation has not returned to the normal state before Covid-19. The current research seeks to design a business model for the Iranian cinema industry in the situation of pandemic crises. For this purpose, the management of Iran's cinema industry, the basic challenges and opportunities of Iran's cinema in the field of management and business have been examined.

The present research is practical in terms of its purpose, and in terms of the method of data collection, it will be a description of the survey branch. Also, in terms of the research method, it is qualitative. Since this research was done on a real, objective and dynamic issue and its results can be used practically, it is an applied research. Using the snowball method, with 15 owners and managers of film businesses (including government cultural institutions, film production companies, broadcasting companies, institutions active in the field of film education and research, Video On Demands (VODs) and...) interviews have been conducted and the data have been analyzed using the MaxQuda software and the method of content analysis and descriptive and interpretive coding. In terms of formal validity, after designing the questions, a limited group of experts were consulted and their opinions were applied to modify the questions.

According to the results, the customers (audiences) of the cinema business, in both normal and pandemic situations, are the urban middle class. Filmmakers have turned to making TV series in the pandemic situation. Costs have not changed too much in the pandemic situation; but the salary of the actors has increased. Online screening on VOD platforms has been the main source of income during the pandemic, and the category of comedy and entertainment has been the most important value proposition of Iranian cinema.

Determining the business model as a strategic necessity in the cinema industry is very important to gain benefits.
One of the important factors in choosing a business model is the type of strategy that owners and stakeholders choose. In the meantime, the importance of marketing and identifying customer needs, market territory, and market share compared to competitors is significant. Although some of the interviewees admitted that Iranian cinema as a whole cannot be called an industry; Because cinema in Iran has not yet reached credit management in order to be able to evaluate customers' perception of its brand and improve the reputation of cinema and maintain the loyalty of the audience and receive feedback from them and achieve reputation and credit to form a competitive market and generate income. Achieving a favorable competitive position is realized only with a business model. It is a suitable business model that can offer more value to a group and bring more benefits to the company's owners and stakeholders. The results of this research showed that filmmakers in the Iranian cinema industry should reconsider their traditional business models. They can abandon the linear business model and adopt a new platform approach to their business. They can change many of their traditional methods of customer acquisition and retention to become a platform business that creates value through collaboration with partners and consumers. Although Iran's VODs and OTTs have improved the quality of their products, they are still far from modern serialization products such as works produced on Netflix; But due to the fact that many Iranians show interest in local content, a significant part of audio and video content produced in Persian is limited to the programs of these platforms, and many Iranians still welcome their productions.

Designing a multi-objective multiple allocation-routing problem in a humanitarian supply chain is important because it improves efficiency and productivity in the supply chain. By designing a multi-objective multiple assignment-routing problem, we can consider different objectives at the same time and seek to optimize them. As a result, designing a multiple multi-objective allocation-routing problem in a humanitarian supply chain can improve the overall performance of the company and lead to the economic and social growth of the region.

In this article, an integer mathematical model for the allocation of essential product to all destinations through multiple hub allocation-routing coverage is presented in a way that reduces the cost of allocation and the number of possible paths for allocation in a humanitarian supply chain. The proposed model is able to estimate well the binary optimal solutions of the problem that is route and vehicle allocation through the solution using the scattering search method. Based on the solution of the proposed model, the shortest possible route for allocating essential items to different considered cities is provided. Also, the lowest possible cost has been determined for allocating the route for relief. Finally, the allocation of each vehicle according to their type to each city has been specified. This allocation of vehicles to each of the cities has been done in such a way that each of the vehicles covers each of the cities at least once.

Based on the obtained results, the lowest routing allocation cost was gained using the suggested model. The results of the research show that the proposed model improves both the efficiency and effectiveness of humanitarian aid logistics, and its findings provide valuable guidance for improving decision-making regarding route allocation, the type of dispatch vehicle and cost in the field of humanitarian logistics, and for designing a suitable strategy for Dealing with disasters will be beneficial in the future.

The continuing Covid-19 crisis has caused irreparable damage in many industries. Considering that we are witnessing these losses in the hotel industry, so this study seeks to identify and determine the components and dimensions of the crisis in the financial field in the critical situation of Covid-19 in the hotel industry of Alborz province. There are 15 hotels. The research method is applied and the research design is descriptive-correlational research. Field and library methods have been used to collect data. The data collection tool was a standard online questionnaire whose validity was estimated by experts and its reliability was estimated using Cronbach's alpha. The main basis for gathering information is to conduct in-depth interviews with hotel managers and academic experts until the theoretical saturation is reached; a total of 22 interviews were conducted. The statistical population includes all hotels in Alborz province and its time zone in the first half of 1400. After performing the three steps of open, axial and selective coding, the final research model has been obtained; in this model, 6 general categories, 15 sub-categories and 53 main concepts are mentioned. The results show that in this situation, the categories of executive instructions, organizational level strategies of hotels in managing financial crisis and inefficiency of crisis organization have the highest frequency and executive instructions are in the first priority; and the consequences of these categories have had a significant impact on increasing the costs of this industry.