تئوری داده بنیاد

The purpose of this research is to present a paradigmatic model of financial performance in the banking industry with a focus on supporting small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The present study is applied in terms of its objective and qualitative in terms of its method. The target population consisted of experts familiar with the research topic, including university professors in the fields of banking and entrepreneurship, as well as senior managers from Bank Mellat. The sampling was done theoretically, and interviews were conducted with 12 experts until saturation was achieved. The research approach was grounded theory, which involved open, axial, and selective coding through interviews with the experts. Data were collected through expert interviews. To assess the validity of the research, the methods of review during coding and examination by another informed individual were used to ensure the accuracy of the coding. In this study, the test-retest reliability method was employed to determine the reliability coefficient. Based on the research findings, it was observed that the financial performance of the banking industry in supporting small and medium-sized enterprises comprised 142 open codes, 18 categorical codes, and 6 final axial codes, including six main components: causal conditions (financing), central phenomenon (financial support), intervening condition (financial policy), contextual condition (infrastructure), strategies (financial strategies), and outcomes (sustainable growth). The presented paradigmatic model indicates that effective banking support for SMEs can contribute to the growth and sustainability of these businesses.

The competitive conditions faced by small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) compel them to acquire more resources, respond quickly to market changes, innovate more, and develop agility capabilities. However, achieving agility requires implementing organizational processes with an open model, which is obtained through information sharing and collaboration with external partners. Therefore, the main objective of this research is to present an agility model with an open approach in selected SMEs in the Yazd industrial Estate, which for the first time examines agility with an open approach. In this study, the qualitative approach of database and Atlas software was used. The data collection and analysis process involved conducting open and in-depth interviews, and considering the research content and expert capabilities, saturation was achieved with 23 interviews. In the coding process and model dimension determination, 161 open codes, 21 axial codes, and 6 selective codes were identified. Companies implementing agility with an open approach achieve rapid response to changes, organizational flexibility, an innovative and agile work environment, and the creation of an open business model.

The aim of the present study is to identify the criteria affecting the financial performance of the banking industry in supporting small and medium enterprises (SMEs) with an emphasis on entrepreneurship. This research is applied in nature and qualitative in method. The statistical population comprised experts familiar with the research topic, including university professors in the fields of banking and entrepreneurship, as well as senior managers from Bank Mellat. The sampling was conducted theoretically, resulting in interviews with 12 experts until saturation was reached. The research approach was grounded theory, which involved interviews with experts and three types of coding: open, axial, and selective. Data collection was carried out through interviews with experts. To rank and categorize the factors, determine the types of variables, and examine the relationships between the model variables, as well as to assess the intensity of these relationships and identify the influence and dependency of the criteria, a combined ISM-DEMATEL method was employed. The results indicated that the main categories of the model include validation, infrastructure, financial policy, investment, risk, and transparency. Furthermore, based on the research findings, the first level includes risk management; the second level includes investment and financial transparency; the third level includes infrastructure; the fourth level includes validation; and the fifth level includes financial policies. The findings reveal that financial transparency, investment, and validation are connective factors, while infrastructure and risk are dependent factors, and financial policies are influential factors.

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)License.Iran's economic diplomacy, as a country with a distinct history of trade and governmental exchanges, holds significant capacities that can play a crucial role in the development of foreign trade and enhancing Iran's appeal as a global market. This study aims to design a comprehensive strategic marketing model based on Iran's economic diplomacy. Initially, using the grounded theory approach, through interviews with 17 experts from the Tehran Chamber of Commerce, related concepts were identified and coded into six main sections. Subsequently, a process model was designed to show the impact of economic diplomacy on marketing activities, demonstrating how the capacities in this field can be effectively utilized. The research results indicate that the formation of a specialized team consisting of experts in economic diplomacy and marketing strategies can greatly assist in analyzing marketing opportunities in global markets and formulating appropriate strategies for foreign trade development and attracting foreign investment. This framework can serve as a foundation for government and business decision-making in the domain of Iran's foreign trade and economy.

The aim of this study was to design and explain the effectiveness model of social network-based advertising in the marketing of educational services businesses. This research is mixed (qualitative-quantitative) in terms of applied purpose, in terms of approach, exploratory, and in terms of data analysis. In the qualitative phase of the research and in order to design a model based on the data theory methodology of the foundation, a group of experts including senior managers of private sector educational institutions, professors and marketing consultants familiar with the private sector educational services industry were selected and interviewed in depth. In this phase, the snowball sampling method was used and this process continued until the researcher reached theoretical saturation and a total of 9 interviews were conducted. In the qualitative phase of the research, because the data theory method of the foundation was used, the main tool of data collection was in-depth and unstructured interviews with experts. In the quantitative phase of the research, the main data collection tool was a closed and researcher-made questionnaire consisting of 42 items that was designed based on the initial conceptual model. In the quantitative phase of the research, SPSS, Lisrel and smartPLS software were used for descriptive and inferential analysis. Finally, the research results led to the design of a model for the effectiveness of social media-based advertising in the marketing of educational services businesses and the hypothetical relationships of the model in a large community were tested and confirmed.

Entrepreneurial teacher training, within the framework of the fundamental transformation policy of education, has recently become a significant concern for policymakers and a subject of research for scholars in this field. However, one of the research gaps in this domain is the focus of studies on educational requirements, while neglecting the systematic and comprehensive exploration of environmental, structural, and consequential requirements. The purpose of this study is to present a model for entrepreneurial teacher training within the education system. This qualitative research was conducted using a grounded theory approach. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 20 key informants who had knowledge and lived experience regarding the phenomenon under study. Based on Strauss and Corbin’s coding paradigm, the data were categorized into three phases: open, axial, and selective coding using MAXQDA software, and the relationships between categories were determined. To assess the validity of the findings, methods such as member checking, the appropriateness of interpretation judgments, and peer review were employed. For assessing reliability or transferability, inter-coder agreement was used. The findings revealed 220 conceptual constructs (codes), categorized into 39 categories and 6 cluster categories, including causal factors, central phenomenon, contextual factors, environmental factors, strategies, and outcomes, which impact the phenomenon of entrepreneurial teacher training. The theoretical framework for the requirements of entrepreneurial teacher training in this study provides a solid scientific tool for planning entrepreneurial teacher training programs and making informed decisions.

The main purpose of this design research was to evaluate the factors affecting the related sales behavior and the resulting results. The present research is fundamental-applied in terms of its purpose, and in terms of its nature, it belongs to the category of qualitative and quantitative research. The statistical community in the qualitative sector is marketing experts. The experts were identified by purposeful sampling and snowball method, and according to the sufficiency of the data, a total of 20 experts were interviewed. The method of analysis was database theory. In the quantitative part, the researcher used 384 internal customers of the Maxim brand (branch sellers) who were selected using two cluster and available approaches. Also, the data collection tool in the quantitative part of the questionnaire was 43 items. Smart PLS software was used to analyze the qualitative data from the foundation data approach and also to analyze the quantitative part. The obtained results have confirmed that the causal conditions of relational sales behavior included a complex competitive environment. The main phenomenon of the seller's specialized ability is the background of the company's situational factors, the interfering factors of the sellers' personality characteristics, as well as social and cultural factors. Relational sales behavior strategy and the result of sales performance, sales behavior performance were also identified. The results obtained from the quantitative part confirmed the approval of the designed model.

This research was done with the aim of explaining the components and providing a model of organizational happiness among the employees of the Ministry of Energy. According to the practical purpose, the research is combined or mixed in terms of the research method. The statistical community of the qualitative part was knowledgeable experts. The random sampling method was cluster and stratified and the criterion for determining the sample size was reaching theoretical saturation, which was achieved after 13 interviews. The statistical population of the quantitative stage includes all the executive, administrative and expert departments, including managers and senior experts and employees of the Ministry of Energy. To calculate the sample size, Cochran's formula for unlimited communities was used, and the number of samples is 384 people. Qualitative data analysis was done using the foundational data theory and quantitative data analysis was done using the partial least square (PLS) technique. Based on the results of qualitative analysis, six categories of factors were identified, including causal factors, contextual factors, intervening conditions, strategies, consequences, and central phenomena. After identifying the components involved in organizational happiness, the relationship between the components of the paradigm model of the data base theory showed There is a relationship.

According to the business perspective of the digital market fashion to the fashion and beauty consumer, which aims to influence the buying behavior and win her trust, there are concerns about the body image that leads the consumer to the ever-increasing demand for fashion services. So far, no research has been done to investigate the buying behavior of fashion consumers based on the patterns of changing buying behavior using the digital space, so the purpose of this research is to design consumer buying behavior model for different situations of buying behavior in the digital market.

The research method of this study is a qualitative method. The technique used was determined based on foundational data theory. 14 experts and managers of the digital market were selected by non-probability and purposeful sampling method (snowball). Information and data were collected in the form of open codes through specialized interviews with experts and managers of the digital market. Then, the research data were classified and monitored by communicating between micro and macro categories and finally confirmed.

Data were extracted after open coding, axial and selective coding in the form of 32 concepts and 9 main categories. In the end, based on the foundational data theory, the identified codes were categorized into strategic factors, components, causal cases, basis conditions, influencing conditions, and consequences.

The categories are: strategic factors of the digital market, components of the digital market, causal factors influencing the buying behavior of consumers in the digital space, external stimuli and influential basis conditions in the digital space, fashion components, The component of fashion consumer buying behavior, The factor of influential conditions in the fashion market, The factor of positive consequences of the fashion market and the digital market, The factor of negative consequences of the fashion market and the digital market.

The final goal of the research is to provide a model for co- branding according to the modern banking structure of our country so that it can cover the growing needs in the field of banking.

In this research, to achieve the co- branding model, the qualitative method of foundation data theory has been used, and the main basis for collecting information in this method is to conduct semi-structured interviews with knowledgeable people and experts in the sampling used in this article was theoretical sampling. After conducting interviews and collecting information, the codes obtained in different sections were analyzed and after three steps of open, central and selective coding, the final model was obtained by the researchers of this article

The final model consists of the sum of the central category, causal conditions, intervening conditions, strategies and finally, the consequences and results of co- branding. Each of these conditions and factors that make up the model have variables and categories that pay attention to them to achieve the final goal of co- branding. Originality: Tis article is taken from thesis of Phd.Masoumeh Ghaffari charati

Innovation is used as an effective mechanism and an attractive goal for the sustainability and promotion of the legitimacy of government organizations and soft and hard approaches have always been used to achieve this goal. Therefore, in this research, the modeling of organizational virtue in service organizations with the approach of promoting organizational innovation is discussed.

Based on the type of use, this research is applied and in terms of method, it is a kind of mixed-exploratory research. The statistical population in the qualitative section included 20 organizational experts and academic specialists, and in the quantitative section, it included 803 managers and judicial experts of Arak city. The data collection tool was semi-structured interviews in the qualitative part and questionnaires in the quantitative part. Coding technique was used in the qualitative part and structural equations modeling in the quantitative part to analyze the data.

Based on data analysis, 20 concepts and three individual, group and organizational subcategories were identified for the category of organizational virtue. Also, the results of quantitative analysis indicated the effect of organizational virtue in service organizations on organizational innovation with the mediating role of improving individual attitude and individual performance of employees.

Today, focusing on soft approaches to improve organizational innovation has become more attractive and has attracted the attention of those involved. Due to the non-cost nature of the soft approach, the results of this research can be used by the officials of the organization

The continuing Covid-19 crisis has caused irreparable damage in many industries. Considering that we are witnessing these losses in the hotel industry, so this study seeks to identify and determine the components and dimensions of the crisis in the financial field in the critical situation of Covid-19 in the hotel industry of Alborz province. There are 15 hotels. The research method is applied and the research design is descriptive-correlational research. Field and library methods have been used to collect data. The data collection tool was a standard online questionnaire whose validity was estimated by experts and its reliability was estimated using Cronbach's alpha. The main basis for gathering information is to conduct in-depth interviews with hotel managers and academic experts until the theoretical saturation is reached; a total of 22 interviews were conducted. The statistical population includes all hotels in Alborz province and its time zone in the first half of 1400. After performing the three steps of open, axial and selective coding, the final research model has been obtained; in this model, 6 general categories, 15 sub-categories and 53 main concepts are mentioned. The results show that in this situation, the categories of executive instructions, organizational level strategies of hotels in managing financial crisis and inefficiency of crisis organization have the highest frequency and executive instructions are in the first priority; and the consequences of these categories have had a significant impact on increasing the costs of this industry.

Today, one of the indicators of sustainable development in developing countries is entrepreneurship, and the expansion of entrepreneurial spirit in society has a positive and favorable effect on the economic and social growth of entrepreneurs. The aim of the current research is to extract the motivation model of entrepreneurial leaders, and therefore, considering the lack of theory and model in this field, the aim is to present the motivation model of entrepreneurial leaders. For this purpose, qualitative research based on Grounded Theorizing strategy (Glaser approach) was used and after deep analysis of interviews, extraction of codes and their cause and effect relationships, the motivation model of entrepreneurial leaders was extracted based on the framework of self-determination theory. The findings of the research lay the groundwork for identifying the main motivational drivers of entrepreneurial leaders and explaining their cause and effect relationships, explaining the central phenomenon (motivation) and the outputs and consequences of entrepreneurs' motivation. The results of this research can lead to suggestions to community responsible officials, entrepreneurs, and those interested in entrepreneurship. At the end, based on the findings of the research, necessary suggestions have been presented in three areas (Practical, Subject and methodological).

The present study presented a model of green governance with a sustainable development approach in the health system. The method of this study is applied and analytical in terms of aim, qualitative in terms of process, and grounded theory in terms of data collection and analysis. Twelve experts were first interviewed after examining the theoretical foundations and previous studies. Then, data were analyzed, and categories, related concepts, and semantic codes were extracted to answer the research questions by MAXQDA (2020) software. The interviews continued until theoretical saturation was reached. "Balanced and integrated management," "service provision," and "financial resources" were identified as causal factors. "Legal environment," "political environment," "cultural and social environment," and "technology" were identified as contextual factors. "Government policies" and "change management" were identified as intervening factors. "Green governance affairs," "contractual affairs," and "participatory affairs" were identified as strategies. "Creating alignment between goals, policies, and structure and culture in the health sector," "improving administrative and environmental health," "and dynamism and adapting to changes and developments in the health system" were identified as outcomes.
Extended abstract

Significant development caused by the industrial revolution that began in the mid- 1700s led to gradual changes in industries, economic growth, higher standards of living, the availability of world-class products, amenities, etc. However, the environmental aspect was neglected, resulting in much environmental damage (Ferran Vila, Yanez & Miotto, 2022). In recent decades, human beings have well understood the danger of neglecting the environment since all kinds of environmental pollution have endangered the whole earth as a human habitat. Thus, efforts were made to protect the environment and modify development methods. Hence, environmental concerns and sustainable development are among the global community's most significant topics (Seyd Alavi, Mohammad, Ghalavandi, Abbaspour & Mohamadkhni, 2020). Several quantitative and qualitative factors affect sustainable development. However, many thinkers of economics and other sciences argue that governance has a relatively higher rank in affecting sustainable development (Zahiri, Zayanderoody & Jalaie, 2021). Accordingly, green governance as a new and sustainability-based governance model creates new challenges for the traditional human-centered development ideology (Li et al., 2018) and emphasizes the balance between economic growth and sustainable development (Lin, Gui, Xie, & Liu, 2019). Green governance includes the combination of the principles of environmental sustainability and social justice in the decision-making processes of the government and other institutions (Dryzek, 2013). Green governance is also considered a driving force for the restructuring of economic development and the realization of a green technological revolution to realize and achieve sustainable development goals (Xu & Zhu, 2022). Also, health domain and the health system are among the most significant service sectors and indicators of social development and welfare (Seddighi, Nosrati Nejad & Basakha, 2020). Applying the green governance model in the health system can minimize the environmental damage caused by providing services. Despite the role and significance of this strategy, few efforts have been made to apply it, especially in Iran's health system. Thus, the present study fills the existing research gap. It can help the health system use the green governance strategy to achieve its sustainable development goals. Therefore, in this study, the researcher seeks to answer the question of the model of green governance with a sustainable development approach in Iran's health system.
Literature review
Peyghan, Yaghobi, and Keikha (2022) conducted a study entitled "Measuring and validating the model of good governance with a sustainable development approach (a study in Sistan and Baluchistan)." The results revealed that in the proposed model, the index of comment and final responsibility, quality of laws, corruption control, the rule of law, and transparency are ranked first to fifth, respectively (Peyghan, Yaghobi & Keikha, 2020). Rezaei Lori, Selajeghe, and Maddahiyan (2022) conducted research entitled "Designing a good governance model for the systematic exploitation of Mines with a sustainable development approach (The case study of Golgohar Sirjan Industrial and Mineral Complex). The results revealed that comprehensive responsibility, a causal condition that includes intergenerational, environmental, and social obligations, causes the formation of good governance with future-oriented, health-oriented, and people-oriented characteristics. Along with the developmental space, creating opportunity and development-oriented strategies leads to sustainable social, economic, and environmental development (Rezaei Lori, Salajeghe & Maddahiyan, 2022). Xu and Zhu (2022) investigated the effects of green governance and green financial policies on sustainable development in various regions of China from 2008 to 2018. The results revealed that China's green governance index and green financial policies significantly reduced environmental pollution during the study period (Xu & Zhu, 2022). Shah, Lai, et al. (2021) conducted a study entitled "Development of a green governance framework to improve the performance of an oil and gas company." The results revealed that the proposed green governance framework reduced social costs and environmental risks and effectively improved the performance of the oil and gas industry (Shah, Lai, et al., 2021).
 

This study is an applied type and analytical in terms of aim, qualitative in terms of process, and grounded theory in data collection and analysis method. A purposeful sampling method was used. Its data were collected using semi-structured interviews. The researcher achieved theoretical saturation after interviewing 12 experts. Also, data analysis and extraction of categories, related concepts, and semantic codes to answer the research questions in this study were done by MAXQDA software.

This section answers the questions of providing a green governance model with a sustainable development approach in the health system (case study: Kerman University of Medical Sciences). The questions of this study were as follows: What are the causal conditions of providing a green governance model with a sustainable development approach in the health system? What are the contextual conditions for providing a green governance model with a sustainable development approach in the health system? What are the intervening conditions for providing a green governance model with a sustainable development approach in the health system? What are the strategies for presenting the model of green governance with a sustainable development approach in the health system? What is the outcome or implication of providing a green governance model with a sustainable development approach in the health system?
The results revealed that the three components of "balanced and integrated management," "service provision," and "financial resources" were identified as causal factors. "Legal environment," "political environment," "cultural and social environment," and "technology" were identified as contextual factors. "Government policies" and "Transformation and change management" were identified as intervening factors. "Green governance affairs," "contractual affairs," and "participatory affairs" were identified as strategies. "Creating alignment between goals, policies, and structure and culture in the health sector," "improving administrative and environmental health," and "dynamism and adapting to changes and developments in the health system" were identified as outcomes.
Discussion and

The present study provided a green governance model with a sustainable development approach in the health system. The results revealed that the causal factors are balanced and integrated management, providing services, and financial resources. The legal environment, political environment, cultural and social environment, and technology were found as the contextual factors. Intervening factors also included government policies and change management. The strategies were also green governance, contractual, and partnership affairs. Finally, creating alignment between goals, policies, structure, and culture in the health sector, promoting administrative and environmental health, dynamism, and adapting to changes and developments in the health system were found as outcomes.
Based on the results, it is recommended to consider the development of effective leadership as a priority of the health system's programs and policies. Organizational independence should be promoted in different parts of the health system. Also, practical performance evaluation should be performed annually, and balanced growth and development should occur in economic, social, and environmental dimensions. Moreover, policy-making and decisions should be made based on evidence with the development of feedback mechanisms in the sector.
Collective decision-making and orientation among health stakeholders should be done to develop policies and crisis management requirements in the health sector, a fair payment system along with moving toward self-sufficiency should be applied in the health system for development and motivation of human resources in the health sector, development and use of prevention and safety approaches in the health sector should be considered by improving the fficiency and quality of the services provided. Also, financing, accumulation, and capital management in the health sector should be done by using the basics of financing and focusing on the health system's priorities. The management of creating infrastructure and production of financial resources and budgeting strategy in the health system should be done by promoting the rule of law in the health sector.
It is also recommended to create a guarantee for tools for implementing policies in the health sector by identifying and defining the roles of government, private, and civil society actors, demands and expectations of people. The use of electronic government, the use of green technologies and methods, the development of privatization, and the use of the power and capacity of the private sector should be considered in this regard. It is also recommended to observe the environmental issues and the development of knowledge resources with the optimal management of financial and environmental resources to promote administrative health and value-oriented and ethical orientation. It is also recommended to pave the way for reaching a consensus among the actors of the health system and formalizing the relations between the beneficiaries of the health system by strengthening social capital and effective communication between the beneficiaries of the health system to improve health promotion and save more energy and optimize waste management, and coordination of land and environment and protect citizens against financial, social, and environmental risks.

The aim of the present research is to compile digital marketing strategies model in Iranian successful startups. The research method is qualitative. Using the grounded theory approach, the codes were identified and subsequently, the axial and selective codes of the research concept were classified. Thirteen interviews with the university experts and CEOs of the startups were done using Judgmental Sampling and Snowball Sampling methods. The research data were collected and the theoretical saturation process started with interview 11. The research findings identified 241 initial codes, 46 axial codes, and 14 selective codes. The selective codes included network capability, use of artificial intelligence, marketing capability, customer knowledge, field of activity organizational, cultural, and structural, ability, value creation for the customer, and value creation for the company, social, individual, organizational and technological values. Based on the research results, causal conditions with 4 variables of network capability, use of artificial intelligence, marketing capability, and customer knowledge affect digital marketing strategies. The digital marketing models in successful Iranian startups was formulated and presented by determining the contextual and intervening conditions, and determining the outcomes and strategies for improvement of strategies.

The subject of pricing in the oil market has undergone changes as the market evolves over time. Today, PRA reporting to private institutions that disseminate information, and especially prices in the world oil market, play an important role in determining the price of oil in the physical and paper markets. Concerns over the activities of these institutions have led to the formation of oversight bodies. However, the question remains as to what is the appropriate model for the interaction of price reporting institutions and supervisory bodies in a way that results in a more efficient oil pricing mechanism. The purpose of the present study is to review the theoretical foundations of the activities of price reporting institutions and supervisory institutions, using a data-base theory and using the opinions of experts in global oil markets, to provide a model for the relationship of these actors. Following the implementation of the foundation's data strategy, 60 concepts were constructed, categorized into 7 sub-categories and 4 main ones. At the theoretical coding stage, a conceptual model was developed for the relationship between supervisory bodies and price reporting institutions.

The key role of B2B salesperson performance in the growth of sales organizations, the results of different levels of companies and the achievement of the activities of all functions of the organization is clear. The purpose of this study is to identify and explain the determinants of salesperson performance based on the perspective of service ecosystem. The research method is fundamental in terms of purpose and Grounded Theory method in terms of data collection method with a classical approach. The research community is the B2B sales experts of the country's food industry companies who have been selected using theoretical sampling. Research data was collected through in-depth interviews with 20 key sales managers and actors. After coding and analyzing the data, the determinants of salesperson performance in three levels of micro, meso and macro service ecosystem have been identified and classified, among which individual factors, salesperson stresses. Individual factors, co-operative factors, sales organization factors and organizational factors were the micro level factors of the service ecosystem. Characteristics of industry, sales actors, orientation between actors and sales methods of industry, determinants of middle level and finally community factors, family factors and macro variables of macro level factors were identified. Researchers, sales and marketing managers of companies by examining the results of this study can get acquainted with the determinants of salesperson performance at different levels of the service ecosystem and from it, to increase and improve salesperson performance, more effectively to use.

Working on Customer Relationship Management (CRM) has an enormous impact on the activities in the tourism industry. But the success rate in CRM system implementation is too low, and failure has been seen in more than 70% of these projects. The purpose of this study is to provide a model for the successful implementation of a customer relationship management system in the tourism industry. This applied research is exploratory in nature and uses the grounded theory approach to study 35 tourism companies over a year. CRM project managers in these organizations participated in interviews, and their documents have been observed and analyzed. The results showed that successful CRM implementation in the tourism industry requires management support, organizational culture and belonging, and appropriate corporate literacy. Information Technology (IT) infrastructure and budget constraints are barriers to the deployment project. Integrating organization processes, training managers and staff, encouraging and punishing employees, strategic alignment, providing the technical infrastructure, providing sufficient customer recognition, and suitable budget development were identified as the prescriptive actions (or strategies) for successful implementation of CRM systems.

Today, the importance of human resources in state-owned firms has increased and there is a need to provide appropriate mental and physical conditions for their activities. Evidence shows that organizational leaders have a decisive role in promoting employee health in the workplace, The concept of " Health-oriented leadership " has been introduced in scientific discussions. Considering that there is no precise conceptualization of it, the purpose of this study is to design a model of Health-oriented leadership in state-owned firms.

This research, is considered among the qualitative research. that foundation grounded theory method was used to design the model. For this purpose, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 24 executive experts in state-owned firms and university experts who were purposefully selected.

Based on the findings, 6 categories of factors were identified including causal factors, health-oriented leadership (pivotal phenomenon), underlying factors, intervening factors, strategies and consequences. Also, three attitudinal dimensions of employee health, practical employee health and personal health of the leader for Health-oriented leadership were identified.

Based on the findings, examining organizational leadership from a health-oriented approach can provide a systematic and comprehensive framework and somehow put the existing theories in the field of organizational leadership in a new format. Finally, the results showed that health-oriented leadership in state-owned firms is a multifaceted phenomenon, the use of which can create positive and valuable results.

The present study has been conducted with a mixed method approach to analyse a model of proactive strategic behavior for emoloyees. The research type is practical -developmental. The qualitative phase is implemented by Grounded Theory.  The qualitative sector data were summarized in 18 semi-structured interviews with the selected experts of the university and organization under study and then the coding process in three distinct stages.  The result of this phase of this study was extraction and design of interconnected categories in the form of Casual Conditions, Axial Conditions, Context Conditions, Intervening Conditions, Actions and Consequences of paradigm of proactive strategic behavior of employees.  After identifying each of the selected template categories, each of the template elements was selected and elaborated in details. The qualitative research results set was tested in a quantitative section using a researcher-made questionnaire.  For this purpose, a sample of 370 individuals  for participation in the study was selected, then quantitative data set was analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistical methods and then, the data were analyzed using structural equation modeling in PLS software.