تئوری زمینه ای

The purpose of this study is to design the empowerment model for Imam Khomeini Relief Committee Based on Social Entrepreneurship Approach. To achieve this goal, relying on the grounded theory approach, to collect qualitative data through semi-structured interviews with 10 experts, university professors, entrepreneurs and related officials based on the sample method targeted sampling was done until theoretical saturation was reached and then the model of empowering the patients of Imam Khomeini Relief Committee (RA) based on the social entrepreneurship approach was presented after going through the stages of open, central and selective coding. Next, in the quantitative section, a questionnaire was designed and completed by 361 people of the Imam Khomeini Relief Committee (RA) throughout the country. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to analyze the data. The research results show that all six hypotheses were confirmed; In other words, conditions have a positive effect on action/interaction, consequences and success. Also, the effect of action/interaction on outcome and success and the effect of outcome on success were confirmed.

The present study was conducted to determine the paradigmic model of factors affecting customer satisfaction in the bread industry. For this purpose, using the Grounded Theory, qualitative data related to 18 bread industry experts in Iran were collected using interview tools and analyzed with MaxQDA software. After three coding steps, it was found that five variables affect customer satisfaction (product, employee, environment, and brand satisfaction), which are; Product features, production process, price fairness, employees and store environment. Customer satisfaction will lead to consequences such as competitive advantage, market share, financial performance and customer loyalty. Of course, for this effect, it is necessary to implement marketing strategies such as handling complaints, branding, brand social responsibility and customer relationship management. The most important intervention factors identified were the traditional bread market share, the economic situation, the intensity of competition in the industry and the coronavirus pandemic. Finally, technology in the production of industrial bread, the core competencies of the company, customer knowledge in the field of industrial bread and the standards of the Industrial Bread Union have been introduced as the governing platform

Culture plays a significant role in organizations. When members of an organization become accustomed to organizational culture, they perceive the organization's events in a similar way. The main purpose of this study is to present a model of organizational culture in the public sector of Iran using grounded theory.

The research method is applied in terms of purpose. The statistical population of this research (qualitative approach) consists of 15 experts and elites in the field of management (Social Security Organization, Tehran Municipality, and Welfare Organization) in Tehran. The sampling method is a semi-structured individual interview using the snowball technique. The Data were analyzed in the framework of Corbin and Strauss's grounded theory process.

Model of organizational culture in the public sector was able to bring new theoretical insights that were recognized as effective in organizational culture with the help of indicators such as sufficient causal conditions of organizational culture in government departments, contexts of organizational culture in government departments, intervening components regarding organizational culture in government departments, effective strategies on organizational culture in government departments and organizational culture consequences of Iranian governments.

The results show that the high status of human resources, creativity, and individual innovation as well as strengthening the sense of responsibility instead of a sense of duty are among the benefits of organizational culture reform on organizational human resources and increase organizational learning, organizational competitiveness, organizational integration as well as organizational adaptability are other consequences that this cultural change will have on all government organizations.

The present study has been done with a sociological approach and with the aim of formulating a national-defense strategy in intelligent confrontation with virtual social networks and with the method of quantitative content analysis and grounded theory. This study, while showing the need to change approaches from confrontational approaches to cultural and social approaches, examines cyberspace policy cycles in the country and strategies of other countries in the face of virtual social networks and introduces five strategies and finally reaches an approach. Instead of focusing solely on the sender of the message, it focuses on the recipient and the recipient of the message. For this purpose, through interviews with 63 professors in the field of media and communications and members of the Supreme Virtual Council of the country, a national-security strategy in the face of social networks has been developed. The results indicate that these strategies should be in the four areas of policy-making, hardware and software, culture, and awareness and education in order to empower the audience. To provide the ability to consciously and analytically deal with the dangers of social networks in the face of the harms of consuming this media. Therefore, it must be said that not paying attention or paying little attention to the audience of social networks can cause problems for our national security at the micro, medium and macro levels. Finally, it can be concluded that with a cultural and social attitude and with a determination to solve existing problems and problems, active presence, participation and confrontation in this area should be replaced by passive observation.

The present study was conducted using the qualitative approach and the grounded theory method to designing the marketing model of the Institute of Education and Human Resources Development. The study population included the managers of educational institutions who were selected through purposive sampling. The data was collected through interviews. The findings showed that factors such as identifying large organizations and industries and knowing their issues and problems, skills of staff of the educational institution, staffs’ motivation, strong databases, use of new educational technologies, proper packaging of educational services, attractive ancillary services in the institution, providing examples successful previous work, experienced instructors, having educational standards, appropriate training environment, customer satisfaction system, competitors, political, social and biological crises and prices affect marketing the Institute of Education and Human Resources Development. In the research model, increaseing revenue, development of brand, increaseing power in developing instructors and educators, and develop national credibility were the consequences of the use of appropriate strategies for marketing the Institute of Education and Human Resources Development.

This study sought to identify and prioritize the development steps of cultural tourism in rural areas of Lorestan province using the qualitative-quantitative method and exploratory approach. To this end, at the first stage, 19 semi-structured interviews were conducted with cultural tourism experts to identify the steps involved in cultural tourism development, out of which thirty-three solutions were identified in four main steps via open, axial, and selective coding. At the second stage, the Delphi-Fuzzy technique was applied in two stages to reach a consensus among the experts and prioritize cultural tourism development steps through the defuzzification process. The results showed that the identified strategies for cultural tourism development in Lorestan province could be categorized into four main steps: "Education and Innovation," "Physical Infrastructure," "Supportive-Institutional," and "Cultural-Advertising." Moreover, since the defuzzificated mean difference of the experts' opinion was less than 0.25 in two steps, all the identified solutions were proved to be valid. The results also indicated that the first and foremost step in tourism development was "education and innovation," followed by physical infrastructure, supportive-institutional, and cultural-promotional steps, respectively. Furthermore, at each step, the most important solutions were found to be advertising for tourism villages, identifying villages with tourism potentials, providing banking facilities for villagers to help them develop tourism, and building cultural elements and particular architectures in rural areas, respectively.

The purpose of this research is to identify and modeling the successful launching enablers of small and medium-sized enterprises. The research method in this study is qualitative and the interview technique is used for data collection.For this purpose, 18 managers of small and medium enterprises in Khorasan Science and Technology Park were selected by purposeful sampling method.The data obtained from the interviews were analyzed by using the grounded theory method.This analysis was performed in three stages of open coding, axial coding and selective coding. The result of this qualitative approach was the model of successful launching enablers, which was confirmed by two indicators, content validity index and relative content validity coefficient. The model included internal organizational factors, enablers, strategies, Factors of intervening conditions include management characteristics, competitive factors, government factors and staff training, and contextual factors including organizational management, human resource management, and organizational structure. background, and intervention conditions.and The model is based on the comprehensive paradigm model of Strauss and Corbin. The core of this review is "Successful Launch", which covers the major categories above.

The present study aims to explain the model for employees' leisure management at the Workplace using the mix method approach and systematic grounded theory in its qualitative aspect. To this end, besides open interviewing with 16 university experts and managers of the selected hospitals in Shiraz City, a set of initial themes were collected via open coding process and some categories were extracted. Then, the connection among these categories was determined in axial coding stage under the titles such as causal conditions, the central phenomenon, strategies, intervening conditions, ground conditions, and consequences of leisure management in the framework of coding paradigm. In the selective coding stage, each element of the coding paradigm was explained and the model for employees' leisure management at the workplace was created. The fitness and   existing relationship of that qualitative pattern are evaluated with Amos 22 software with structural equation pattern and it is confirmed at the end.

Considering the increase in informal settlement, providing development-based infrastructures for urban settlements is rendered exigent for creation of social sustainability. The aim of the present study was to examine the social values derived from Zurabad neighborhood, Karaj, Iran as an informal settlement, and to provide solutions for identity improvement of the residents of this settlement. The social capital is assumed to be the most significant reason for formation of settlements of this nature. The hypothesis would be proposed whether promotion of the social capital is contingent on the interconnection with the habitat. According to the results based on the grounded theory, this type of slum settlement in Zurabad, Karaj, faces with infrastructural, spatial, and social poverty caused by urban development. Providing such infrastructures calls for a model that is capable of incremental development in the given habitat. Incremental housing is rendered as an appropriate model for the residents of Zurabad since it can affordably provide half of the requirements for a complete house, an infrastructure for the basic services, and even the mainframe of the structures they cannot build on their own. This is achieved through connecting the residing families with the existing social network in the context of Zurabad.

The purpose of this study is to present a leadership model in knowledge-based organization in Iran based on Grounded Theory. Researches show that knowledge workers behavior is different from other employees, therefore their motivation drivers, influence mechanisms and leadership model are different. The present study is carried out among qualitative studies. For that, the literature and the earlier studies around knowledge workers leadership have been investigated and theoretical sampling and also deep and exploratory interviews have been arranged. Almost 15 useful interviews have been done with CEO and human resource managers of knowledge-based organizations and university Professors that are related with this organizational and interviews recorded in both written and voice versions. The analysis of data has been started with interviews simultaneously. Open, axial and selective coding steps were taken from recorded audio files through repeated reading and retrieval. Finally, 16 axial codes were obtained and the model of knowledge workers leadership was extracted using these codes. The mutual trust-based leadership style is the main code of model. Also, motivation by Job, Work Environment, Trust and Compensation are the strategies for motivating knowledge workers. This research could be useful for managers in knowledge-based organizations of different levels and the decision maker organizations in government that are related to knowledge-based organization.

In recent decade many human resource specialist and authors achieve success for aligning and integrating in human resource subsystems. One of these practice developing and formulating competence models as base of human resource development and integrating between training, human resource planning, selection and others human resource units and subsystems. This research aimed to developing and formulating coherent and local model for National Iranian Oil Company. Because of especial NIOC nature and background and governing of especial managerial systems, applying and using current models cannot responsive to company demands. So, company for developing local model need to use grounded theory approach for exploration of tacit knowledge and applying this knowledge to creation competency model. Based on research result, competency model have 5 dimension and 19 items. After model designing, for validity and reliability confirmation, 74 questionnaires completed by supervisors. Data analysis shows that all dimension and items are valid and suitable for NIOC. Also, based on data analysis process improvement dimension is more important than others in model and human resource dimension was less important.