تحقیق و توسعه

R&D in the power generation equipment manufacturing industries is relatively complex due to areas of activity and completely high variety of the products and services.One of the new management techniques for highly complex areas is the Dynamic System. In this paper, the model related to R&D in the manufacturing industries of electrical energy production equipment has been designed and developed with the dynamic system method and with the aim of identifying and recognizing the factors and indicators affecting it. The statistical population for the cause and effect loop formation and modeling were 17 experts from equipment manufacturing companies of the electrical energy generation, who were selected by the snowball method. In this research, initially, the main variables are identified and their relationships have been formulated in the cause and effect loop format, then main model design is completed in the form of flow accumulation diagram and simulated by Vensim software. Subsequently, by formulating 3 scenarios through accomplishing the input factors sensitivity analysis and finally the outputs of the model examination, applicable suggestions were presented. The research results show that R&D management in the mentioned industry includes 5 effective factors: strategy, human, infrastructure, management and finance and 37 indicators. The scenarios review and evaluation depicts that, organizations requiring dynamic research and development management, should pay more attention to remove obstacles to products commercialization, raising the quality of human resources (increasing the training budget and recruitment rate) in accordance with the increase in projects and taking advantage of Capacities outside the organization.

The success of the employees of the organizations depends on the morale, effort and motivation, and in general, the high efficiency and effectiveness of the organizations depends to a large extent on the efficiency and effectiveness of its human resources. In order to align the main goals of the organization with the beliefs of the employees and attract their heart's desire and achieve organizational commitment, one should know the culture of the organization. Therefore, measuring the state of organizational culture as the basis of cooperation, participation, empathy and guiding employees towards the goals of the organization is considered a necessary thing in today's changing world. Therefore, the main goal of this article is to know the state of organizational culture in a government organization in Iraq. This research is considered an applied-developmental type and the research method is quantitative. The statistical sample size of this research was calculated using Cochran's formula as 146 people. The information obtained from the questionnaire has been analyzed by using Excel and SPSS software and using the student's t-test and by means of the significance level and relevant statistical calculations.The results of the research showed that the status of the organizational culture in the studied organization is "good" and mission culture is the dominant culture in the studied organization. Among the four types of organizational culture, their priority in the organization from top to bottom is as follows: "mission culture", "bureaucratic culture", "flexibility culture" and "humanistic culture".

Today, the research activities of knowledge-based companies are considered important sources of transformation in the fields of technology and knowledge production. The more advanced the level of these activities and the higher their technological complexity are, the more innovative and competitive products grow. The present study was conducted with the aim of providing a model for determining the level of technological complexity of research and development in knowledge-based companies. In terms of its purpose, this research is part of applied research, and regarding methodology, it is in the category of mixed research. In the qualitative section, the data was collected from the literature review and semi-structured interviews with 20 experts in the field of research and development. First, seven categories were extracted for the complexity levels of research and development, and the Frascati category (including basic research, applied research, and experimental development) was selected based on the experts’ opinions. Then, during three stages of coding (open, central and selective), the influential factors in determining the level of complexity were identified and the research model was formed. In the quantitative part, the data was collected from a sample of 290 people from the target statistical population (Golestan Science & Technology Park) through a researcher-made questionnaire. Then, the data was analyzed and model fit test using structural equation modeling method, was conducted. The data analysis was done using smart pls3 software. The results indicated a suitable fit of the data with the final model, including complexity levels and 91 effective indicators in determining complexity levels. This model can be a suitable tool for research and development departments of knowledge-based companies, in order to improve the level of research and development based on global standards and create transformation in the fields of technology and knowledge production and increase added value.

The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of knowledge management on organizational performance, with the mediating role of research and development in one of the companies operating in the oil industry. To achieve this goal, the theoretical framework of the study was first developed through a review of the literature and previous research. Based on this framework, the conceptual model of the study was proposed, and research hypotheses were formulated. The statistical population consists of managers and experts from one of the companies active in the oil industry, totaling 186 individuals, from which a sample of 125 participants was selected. A questionnaire, with items extracted from reliable sources and whose validity and reliability were confirmed, was distributed among the selected participants. Given the non-normal distribution of data and the structure of the research model, the partial least squares (PLS) method and the Smart PLS2 software were used for statistical analysis. The results showed that the impact of knowledge management on organizational performance is 0.578, the impact of knowledge management on research and development is 0.551, and the impact of research and development on organizational performance is 0.632. Finally, recommendations were provided to improve organizational performance based on knowledge management and research and development.

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)License.This study aims to design an optimal organizational structure for the establishment of the Supreme Council of Science, Research, and Technology Fund in Iran. Research and development (R&D) are pivotal in advancing national capacities and fostering economic resilience. In Iran, despite various financial resources, the fragmented funding allocation to research has been a significant challenge. Establishing a specialized fund aims to centralize financial support for research and innovation, aligning with national science and technology policies.The Supreme Council of Science, Research, and Technology Fund was proposed to address inefficiencies in Iran's decentralized research funding system. The fund's primary goal is to pool scattered resources across various governmental bodies and direct them toward national priorities in science and technology. To ensure the success of this fund, a comprehensive organizational structure is essential. This study reviews the legal frameworks, budgetary structures, and existing research funds to propose a model that optimizes resource allocation and management.Through detailed analysis, this paper proposes a new organizational chart, governance policies, and administrative guidelines for the fund. The goal is to establish a fund that operates efficiently, remains adaptable to evolving national needs, and encourages collaboration between academic institutions, industries, and government sectors. This study offers a blueprint for the strategic implementation of this fund, emphasizing transparency, accountability, and alignment with Iran’s long-term scientific and technological development goals. 

The purpose of the current research is to use the metacombination approach in order to design a native model of new product development. The research method is applicable-developmental in terms of purpose; exploratory in terms of the nature; and qualitative in terms of the method of implementation, and a meta-composite method. The statistical population of the research includes all sources related to the development of new indigenous products during the years 2000 to 2023, totaling 225 sources. For this purpose, by systematically reviewing the subject literature, articles indexed in WOS, SCOPUS, Science Direct and Google Scholar were collected, and 143 articles were selected based on the abstract; then 75 sources were selected based on the content, and finally 67 sources were selected through checking the author information sources as the final sources of analysis and synthesis of the selected findings. The selected sources were analyzed using maxqda 2020 software, resulting in 104 primary codes. Finally, the findings of metacombination led to the identification of 15 categories in the localization of new product development research.

Efficient portfolio management of research and development projects is paramount for steering innovation and sustainability within the healthcare sector. Nonetheless, despite its significance, there exists a research gap in examining the dimensions and components influencing the portfolio management of sustainable research and development projects in healthcare services. The present study aims to bridge this gap by identifying and analyzing the key dimensions and components affecting the portfolio management of sustainable healthcare research and development projects. Employing a qualitative approach, data collection was conducted using Sandelowski and Barso's metacomposite method, involving a systematic review of 32 relevant articles from a pool of 328 primary sources. Rigorous validation procedures, including criteria-based assessment, team meetings, expert input, and theoretical consensus auditing, confirmed the validity and reliability of the research. The findings delineated 36 components across 7 main dimensions, encompassing environmental impact assessment, resource optimization, economic sustainability, social responsibility, stakeholder engagement, regulatory compliance, and long-term impact assessment. The insights garnered from this research offer valuable guidance for policymakers, healthcare practitioners, researchers, and stakeholders involved in planning and executing sustainable research and development projects. Leveraging this knowledge stands to enhance resource allocation efficiency, foster collaboration, and ultimately drive forward innovation and sustainability in the healthcare domain.

Today, R&D and activities related to the acquisition of new high technologies around the world is a major industrial activity. Organizations have paid close attention to networking in order to reduce time and achievement risk and have considered its role in the success of R&D projects. In the present study, the effective factors on networking capability in R&D management have been investigated. Networking capability in R&D management of aerospace industry due to its cost and time is one of the important pillars for the success of innovative organizational activities. In the present study, the effective factors on networking capability have been investigated. The research is applied in terms of purpose and is a descriptive survey method. In this regard, the factors affecting the capability of R&D networking based on literature review and opinion of aerospace industry experts have been extracted and a questionnaire approved in the community of distribution experts and the results have been confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis and structural equations and Smart-PLS software. Then, the dimensions of networking capability based on fuzzy network analysis method were prioritized in terms of network configuration and structure, managerial and organizational, network interaction and communication management, policies and strategies, and finally financial resources.

The present study compares the economic status of Russia and Iran using a comparative approach and focusing on key economic indicators. The main objective is to analyze the challenges and opportunities in global trade for both countries and provide recommendations for enhancing their economic growth and development.

A comparative method is employed in this study, drawing on scientific documents and data from international statistical and scientific centers. Data related to Gross Domestic Product (GDP), foreign trade financial flows, investment ratios, and other economic indicators are collected from credible sources such as the IMF, Thomson Reuters, NVCA, and federal statistical services.

The analysis reveals that both Russia and Iran face various challenges and opportunities in global trade. These challenges include heavy reliance on fuel and energy exports in Russia and sanctions and geopolitical tensions in Iran. The findings indicate that both countries need to increase the diversity of their exports and imports, manage risks associated with sanctions and geopolitical changes, and boost investment in innovation, research, and development.

Based on the findings, strengthening economic growth in both countries can be achieved through increasing the diversity of exports and imports, optimizing risk management, and enhancing investment in innovation, research, and development.

Despite the fact that many researches have been conducted regarding cooperation in the supply chain; But research shows that collaborations in chains with asymmetric power structures, which lead to investment in research and development, have received less attention. This article deals with the development of a model for the supply chain of a complex product, which, in addition to operational decisions to supply the product to the market, also makes decisions regarding investment in research and development. Answering these questions by considering the different power structure in the supply chain and paying attention to cost sharing and revenue sharing contracts is one of the goals of this article: (1) determining the balance point between the amount of investment in research and development, product price and production amount (2) Investigating the impact of research and development uncertainty, buyer fairness and customer sensitivity to product technology level on supply chain performance

The risk of uncertainty in the output of the research and development process and the demand function dependent on the level of product technology are considered in the model. The model is developed under the asymmetric structure of power in the chain by considering various cooperation contracts including research and development cost sharing, production cost sharing, and revenue sharing. Each of the scenarios of this problem is presented as a non-linear two-level programming model. The two-level mathematical model was created with the Nash bargaining game approach and the simulation method was used in its optimization.

This research shows that the risk of uncertainty reduces the profit of the supply chain, but the provided cooperation contracts can improve the performance of the chain compared to the decentralized structure. It was also found that the revenue sharing contract can generate more profit for both the entire supply chain and the supplier. But from the point of view of the buyer and based on the bargaining power, when his bargaining power is relatively low, R&D cost sharing and production cost sharing contracts are more beneficial. Also, increasing the fairness of the buyer will improve the performance of the entire supply chain in the structures of revenue sharing and research and development cost sharing. It has also been shown that the market's sensitivity to the level of product technology improves the performance of the chain in the structure of production cost sharing contracts and research and development costs. But in the revenue sharing structure, all members of the chain may not benefit from the market's sensitivity to the level of product technology. In addition, the market's sensitivity to the price and the fairness of the buyer, respectively, always cause a decrease and an increase in the performance of the supply chain.

Due to the significant costs of research and development and production in complex products, paying attention to these costs in supply chain cooperation contracts and sharing them between the influential factors in the supply chain can lead to an increase in the performance of the supply chain. The bargaining power between the buyer and the seller in this type of chain can affect the type of contract. Considering the unknown nature of information for the supply chain parties, more models can be developed.

During the last years, the emergence of new technologies and the creation of great changes in global markets have made it more necessary to pay attention to technology and project portfolio management.

With the aim of analyzing the factors and components of the portfolio management of health R&D projects.Research

The research is applied in terms of purpose, which was conducted with the qualitative method of Sandusky and Barroso's seven-stage Metasynthesis model. The statistical population is all studies conducted in Iranian articles from 1393 to 1400 and foreign articles from 1998 to 2022, previous researches, databases.

In this regard, 260 researches in the field of the subject were evaluated and finally 60 articles were selected purposefully and by analyzing the content and combining the relevant literature with open, central and selective coding methods, a total of 100 open codes, 19 central codes, 14 The key category was selected and analyzed during the systematic search and combination process, and its validity was confirmed through Kaufman's kappa test.

key categories identified include; Financial management, intellectual capital management, technology management, IT management, R&D management, strategic management, project portfolio management, healthcare services management, health information technology management, quality management, political factors, cultural factors, economic factors and The legal factors were categorized into three categories: main, contextual, and environmental factors, and finally, after going through the seven stages of the research, the portfolio management model of R&D projects in the field of health services based on information technology was formulated.

In order to improve performance and gain competitive advantage, companies must provide optimal and appropriate financial strategies to provide the basis for The prosperity and development of the company's research and development activities. Implementing a financial strategy tailored to research and development activities can lead to innovation and ultimately better corporate performance. Therefore, given the importance of this study, the purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of the financial strategy on the performance of Faran Chemical Pharmaceutical Company's staff, taking into account the company's research and development variable.

The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of financial strategy on the performance of employees of Faran Shimi Pharmaceutical Company, taking into account the mediating variable of the company's research and development.

This paper is an applied research not scrutiny and in terms of data collection Descriptive survey. Standard questionnaires have been used to compile data. All the employees of Faran Shimi Pharmaceutical Company constitute the statistical population of the research169 people from the statistical population were selected as sample through simple random sampling. In this research,
Structural equation modeling through  Lisrel software was used to test the hypothesis and ‎SPSS software was  used to analyze the data.

According to data analysis, since the research  hypotheses were significant, they were confirmed. This indicates ‎that the financial strategy of employee performance in Faran Chemical Pharmaceutical Company With mediating effect of  R&D activities of the company Company research and development has a positive and significant impact. This means that, in addition to direct impact on performance, the financial strategy also has an indirect performance through research and development activities Indirect effect on the  improvement of the performance ‎. Because research and development activities directly affect the performance of the company.

According to the findings, Whereas, research and development activities ‎play a mediating role, Faran Company senior executives need to select and implement appropriate financial strategies in the various areas of the company, especially research and development in the field of financial strategy, so that they can play an important role in improving the performance and progress of the Company.

Today, knowledge-based companies play a very important role in achieving advanced technologies and producing innovative products, and as a result, the growth and development of countries. The success of these companies is due to the development of advanced research and development activities that have a high level of technological complexity.

The current research is of mixed type. In the qualitative part, the grounded theory approach was used and the data was collected using interview tools and literature review. Quantitative part data was collected from the desired statistical population through a researcher-made questionnaire, then data analysis and model fitting with structural equation modeling method and using smart software pls3 done.

91 effective factors on determining the level of technological complexity in the form of six categories were identified and the presented model was confirmed.

The model for determining the level of technological complexity of research and development activities resulting from the present study can be a suitable tool for managers of research and development departments of knowledge-based companies in order to improve the level of research and development activities based on global standards and creating transformation in the fields of technology and knowledge production.

Today, manufacturing companies understand that due to the speed of technological change, sustainable development is the key tool for gaining a competitive advantage. The present study was conducted to study the necessary actions chain to achieve sustainable open R&D among manufacturing SMEs. Simultaneous attention to the concept of sustainability and open R&D is one of the innovations of the present research. First, the dimensions and components of sustainable open R&D are identified using Structural Equations Modeling and Fuzzy Delphi. The SODA technique was used to study the necessary actions chain in the second phase. Finally, the most important measures are identified using central and domain analysis. 15 components were identified in 6 dimensions in the first phase. The statistical sample size is 329 persons in Structural Equations Modeling and 15 persons in Fuzzy Delphi. Next, after studying the chain of necessary actions and analyzing it using domain and central analysis, 17 actions were identified as the most important measures, the most important of which are: creating information systems, availability of suppliers, meeting customer needs, environmental pollution, development of grand strategy. The most important action to achieve sustainable open R&D is creating information systems. These systems accelerate access to customers and suppliers. In addition, using renewable raw materials to participate in environmental friendly production programs through joint activities with universities and research institutes can reduce the harmful effects on the ecosystem.

One of the ways to increase resilience in any country and subsequently in any industry is to increase capabilities in the field of technology. Acquiring strategic technologies from countries with technology has always been a challenge. The main goal of the current research is to provide a model of local resilience with the approach of endogenous acquisition of technology in one of the Iran's strategic industries. The research method is mixed. The first stage has been done with a qualitative strategy using the phenomenological method. At this stage, interviews were conducted with 20 experts in this field and after analyzing the data, effective dimensions and components were extracted with the help of ATLAS.ti software. In the second stage, in order to evaluate the extracted dimensions and criteria, using the quantitative method of structural equation analysis and with the help of smart PLS software and asking the opinions of 76 experts in this industry, the extracted criteria were confirmed by factor analysis. Finally, the dimensions of leading technology governance, dynamic organization, reliable management, organizational social capital, knowledge-based mediating institutions and local product commercialization are 6 dimensions of the model, which are identified from 28 sub-categories, 2 sub-categories are removed in the quantitative evaluation stage and finally the model obtained was extracted along with 26 confirmed components. The results of this research can help the managers and policy makers of this field to provide a suitable platform for making decisions for the endogenous development of technology in the conditions of sanctions.

Complex technologies require the existence of research and development units with high capabilities. This need is very vital in industries that do not have the possibility to transfer technology under the prevailing conditions. The purpose of this research is to identify effective and key components in improving the level of research and development capability in one of the strategic industries with complex technology. This research is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of qualitative research method, which was carried out with the foundation's data theory strategy. The statistical population is the experts of design and research and development units of the nuclear industry. In order to analyze and identify components and dimensions, the exploratory analysis and "Atlas.ti" software have been used. Based on the results analysis, 332 open codes, 28 sub-categories and 6 main categories were identified and extracted. According to the findings of the research, dynamic organization has the highest emphasis from the interviewees and, in order, reliable management, leading technology governance, knowledge-based mediating institutions, organizational social capital, and local product commercialization are among the other components identified in order to improve research capability and development in studied industry. Better understanding and recognition of the enabling components and criteria of research and development and knowing the importance of each of them in relation to each other, while developing theoretical concepts in this field, creates this possibility for research and development managers and influencers in decision making to make more favorable decisions regarding the proper allocation of resources and increase the possibility of success in obtaining technology.

One of the issues and problems facing the research cycle is the integration of design and production. Research institutes design products that are made without the cooperation of the construction engineering firm. The manufacturing institution does not have a common language in the production of the designed product and therefore no production takes place. Design without considering production and supply considerations seems beautiful only for the designer, but in some cases, the production organization is either not able to produce it or has problems in supplying some parts. This research deals with the issue of coordination of design, production and supply, which by examining the literature, its key indicators at the level of research projects and industrial development were extracted and finally ranked with decision models. For the first time, this research examines concurrent engineering in the defense industry and provides a model for the integration of design, production and supply. The indicators of this issue are divided into 4 criteria of product structure and architecture, management, quality and organizational cooperation. The criteria of product structure and architecture are the most important.

The purpose of this research is to design a model of factors affecting research and development strategies in domestic automotive companies with emphasis on structural-interpretive approach. The present study is mixed in terms of developmental purpose and method. The statistical population of the research consists of employees and managers of domestic car companies. The statistical sample of this research has been purposefully and judiciously selected from managers and employees working in the domestic automotive industry who have at least 5 years of experience in the research and development unit and customer relations. In the qualitative part, semi-structured interviews have been used to identify research components. Qualitative sector coding process analysis has led to the identification of 7 components of business strategy, supportive policies, investment attraction, knowledge capital, cultural development, and research and development implementation network and research and development management. The identified components are included in the quantitative section of the ISM questionnaire. Based on the results obtained from the ISM analysis, it can be acknowledged that there are direct and indirect effects in the matrix; the most influential factor is supportive policies and the most dependent in the matrix is the direct effects of attracting investment and knowledge capital in the matrix of indirect effects.