تحلیل محتوای کیفی

Generation Z employees, whose presence in government organizations is increasing compared to other generations, have ideas, desires and mentalities that are appropriate to their generation, and the management of this generation brings fundamental challenges for organizations, so the purpose of this research is to investigate the antecedent challenges of the presence of generation Z employees in government organizations. This is an applied research. The collection of information in this research is a survey and the philosophy of this research is interpretive. The statistical population of this research is members of generation Z and experts related to the research topic. In this research, simple sampling method was used to study members of generation Z and purposeful sampling method was used to interview experts, and sampling continued until theoretical saturation was reached. This research has two parts. The first part is the qualitative content analysis. In this first part, the collected data were analyzed with the qualitative content analysis method, which resulted in 574 codes, 031 categories and 82 criteria, and finally producing 7 main dimensions namely structural challenges, communication challenges, management challenges, cultural challenges, identity challenges, technological challenges and job challenges. The second part of the research is interpretive structural modeling in which the dimensions calculated from the qualitative content analysis were modeled. technology and identity challenges were identified as the most effective and job challenges as the most impressionable challenges.

Business managers pay attention to having a specific purpose for using billboard advertisements because this kind of advertising is less likely to be ignored by the target audience and has an unconscious impact on customers' minds. However, a review of the research in this area reveals a significant gap in the appropriate criteria for billboard advertising. Thus, the current study aims to identify relevant criteria for billboard advertising, analyze the content of the Islamic Azad University of Yazd branch's advertising billboards, and provide a practical framework in this area. In terms of its goal, the current exploratory and qualitative/quantitative research is a development study carried out through a systematic review of articles, qualitative content analysis of scientific documents about billboard advertising at the national and international level, and analysis of 65 selected articles using the purposeful sampling method; In the second step, quantitative content analysis was used to determine the pathology of billboard advertisements of Yazd branch Islamic Azad University. The current research has revealed significant shortcomings in the performance of the Islamic Azad University's Yazd branch in billboard advertising. As a result, researchers have developed a set of guidelines based on previous research to measure and evaluate billboard advertisements. These guidelines are intended to assist business owners and advertisers in monitoring their advertising performance and developing their brand through effective billboard advertising. The guidelines provide a practical and scientific approach to evaluating billboard advertisements and can serve as a standard for the industry.

Living poverty of citizens is one of the biggest challenges facing many governments around the world. Because its severity and continuity can endanger the political, social and economic life of countries. Many researches about poverty have been done in scientific and research circles, but so far no comprehensive research has been done to conceptualize policies, strategies and programs to reduce poverty in Iran. The final goal of this research was to outline the policies, strategies and programs of poverty alleviation in Iran based on a kind of qualitative research and in the light of qualitative data content analysis method in Iran. The time domain of the research is related to (the end of the war) 1368 and the geographical area of ​​Iran. The research findings show that three main policies (regulation, support and promotion) and six strategies and 21 programs can be used to eliminate poverty in Iran. The results of this research will be useful for policy makers and executive managers as well as other researchers.

Motivation is influenced significantly by organizational management, which impacts employee interactions and indirectly relates to human resource systems. To find out how managers reduce employee motivation in Iranian government organizations, this qualitative study attempts to uncover the mechanisms involved. From 2021 to 2022, data were collected via semi-structured interviews in 28 public organizations using the qualitative content analysis method (n=50). As a result of the research, six themes have been identified: "job nature," "management style," "career advancement and progression," "compensation," "work environment," and "interpersonal relationships," as well as 17 categories and 64 subcategories describing managerial mechanisms that lead to employee demotivation. Researchers and practitioners of human resource management can apply these findings both theoretically and practically. By understanding the specific factors that contribute to demotivation, organizations can develop targeted strategies to enhance employee motivation and overall organizational effectiveness. This study provides a comprehensive framework for analyzing managerial practices and their impact on employee motivation within the context of Iranian public organizations.

Building a strong customer experience is currently one of the most important management goals. The explosion of potential touch points and diminishing control over the customer experience requires companies to integrate multiple business functions such as IT, operations of the service, logistics, marketing, human resources, and even external partners and supply chains to create and deliver a positive customer experience. The purpose of this study is to provide a model of the key components that affect the successful implementation of customer experience management in the organization.
 
To achieve the objectives of the research, a qualitative approach was adopted, employing the method of qualitative content analysis. Accordingly, the opinions of interviewees were collected, recorded, and scrutinized. The codes and concepts were extracted by MaxQDA software. This process involved conducting in-depth semi-structured interviews with 14 experts with an appropriate history of working on customer experience and key informants related to customer relationship management and loyalty. Finally, the key components affecting the successful implementation of customer experience management in the organization were identified and presented as a conceptual model.
After analyzing the interviews, the codes were extracted and labeled based on similarity and frequency of replication in 10 main themes, 32 categories, and 83 concepts. Finally, the results of the analysis were presented in the form of a table of key components, categories, and the conceptual model of the components. These 10 themes, which were considered as the key components, include customer experience-driven employee; customer experience design and implementation process; customer-centric culture; customer experience governance; management of organization and business processes; customer-focused leadership; customer experience-driven infrastructure, mechanization, and technology management; customer-centric strategic planning; customer experience insights management; and customer interaction management and organizing.
 
Analyzing the conducted interviews, a comprehensive model was presented concerning the components affecting the successful implementation of customer experience management in the organization. Considering the internal relationships of the key components, the results showed that the components can be organized into four layers. The most external of them is the layer of Leadership and Culture, which plays the driving role in implementation. The second layer is the Organizing and Governance layer which acts as the operational lever of implementation in the organization. The third layer is the Customer Experience process and infrastructure, where the customer experience is designed, implemented, and measured based on the required infrastructure and technology. Finally, the last and innermost layer of the model is the layer of Data and Touchpoints, where the customer interaction with the organization is formed. And the data and the experience are created afterward.

It can be rightly claimed that the key position and strategic role of human resources management in increasing productivity and organizational efficiency, creating commitment and job attachment and improving the performance of employees has not been determined for many executives in Iran and the need to have such a unit in the organization is believed.Considering the importance of human resources in the organization and its role in the growth and realization of organizational goals, dealing with the concept of human resources productivity is one of the most important concerns of managers today. Based on this, considering the wide range of services of this welfare organization and the importance of providing these services in removing deprivation and preventing social harms, the productivity of this organization has a direct role in reducing a wide range of social problems, and its various dimensions should be investigated for the development of productivity. The purpose of the current research is to design the model of human resources productivity in the social field of Iran's welfare organization. This research is practical in terms of purpose. The information is collected in the form of a survey. The research philosophy is interpretive. The statistical population of the current research is the experts of the welfare organization who are selected in a non-random and purposeful manner, the interviews with the experts are semi-structured and after 17 interviews, theoretical saturation is reached. We made an agreement, which resulted in counting 502 codes, 92 categories and 10 indicators, and finally producing 2 main themes named internal factors and external factors. Next, using the ANP method, the importance of the indicators identified from the qualitative content analysis stage was examined, among which political factors were the most important and individual factors were the least important among the identified factors.

Currently, one of the most fundamental problems of the Iranian society today is the weakness in the governance system, so the efficient formulation of this problem is the most important necessity of the country today to understand and solve the problems. In addition to analyzing the theory of good governance, the purpose of this research is to read the 53 letter of Imam Ali (peace be upon him) to Malik Ashtar Nakhai. Kamrani is a process of continuous interaction between stakeholders inside and outside the official government structures, which is based on the three principles of accountability, legitimacy and transparency, a type of hierarchical leadership with cooperation, coordination, participation, joint responsibility for decisions and results, and willingness to work through negotiation. It replaces consensus and includes the eight principles of participation, rule of law, transparency, accountability, consensus building, justice and fairness, efficiency and effectiveness, and accountability. This research is based on the qualitative method and directed qualitative content analysis technique, and for this purpose, various steps were taken, including the definition of codes and categories, the definition of indicators and classification rules, the definition of content units, objective classification, addressing reliability and The validity of the research and finally the analysis, analysis and interpretation of the final report have been done. The fifty-third letter of Nahj al-Balaghah is full of good governance propositions in the form of general instructions such as the necessity of self-improvement of managers, compliance with leadership ethics, rightist populism, secrecy. , principled consultation, recognition of social strata, antagonism and warnings against favoritism, haste, pretentiousness and self-righteousness are expressed and related topics are included in 33 headings and more than 110 semantic units. This research leads us to the important point that in order to solve the problem of the inefficiency of today's society, we must make a serious and all-round movement based on religious teachings along with scientific achievements so that everyone can benefit from its results.

The purpose of this research is to conceptualize the development of fintechs in the banking system with qualitative content analysis. The current research is applied in terms of its purpose, and in terms of methodology, it is sequential-exploratory due to the use of qualitative content analysis methods. Therefore, it is included in the category of qualitative methods. The statistical population of this research is internal and external sources, especially the reports of specialized banking and fintech companies, the founders of fintech start-ups, and the managers and experts of banking and fintech. After the content analysis, there are 39 indicators in the form of 9 components 1- actors 2- laws and regulations 3- interactions 4- formation of the financial market 5- infrastructure 6- entrepreneurial activities 7- performance improvement 8- virtual banking 9- improvement of the environment Businesses were identified. Using the theories of the focus group and after selective coding, they were divided into three-dimensional components of drivers, drivers and consequences. And finally, the scenarios were stated.

The increasing number of Muslims and the need to adapt and match the products with the preferences of Muslim consumers, requires the identification of brand positioning components for this type of consumers, which has not been studied in this important issue by reviewing the literature. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to identify the components of brand positioning in the minds of Muslim consumers.

This research is based on the purpose of applied and descriptive research, and according to the implementation method for searching and selecting scientific articles, a systematic review of the research literature was considered and the components were extracted with the technique of qualitative content analysis. All articles related to brand positioning and branding for Muslim consumers were searched, collected and qualitatively evaluated from the Scopus citation database and Google Scholar. Finally, 17 articles were qualitatively analyzed using Max Qda software.

The findings of this research show that the components of price, quality, service, consumer preferences, distribution channel and sources of competitive advantage of the company have been studied as components of brand positioning in the minds of Muslim consumers in the research literature.

The components of brand positioning should be adapted and appropriate according to the level of commitment and dependence of Muslim consumers of each country and region to Islam. be more focused.

Undoubtedly, cinema can play a key role in teaching entrepreneurial qualities, especially in childhood and adolescence. For this purpose, the qualitative content analysis of selected movies in the genre of children and teenagers was done in the years 1981-2022. The upcoming research is one of the descriptive-analytical (interpretive) researches. It is based on the qualitative research paradigm and directional content analysis technique is used. The content of the film script and dialogues of the actors were used as the unit of recording themes and meaningful sentences related to the topic were identified. The purposeful sampling method was used to select the films. Accordingly, one film from each decade and a total of 4 films were examined. In order to code the themes, measuring entrepreneurial personality traits Kurd-naij et al including the dimensions of achievement seeking, internal focus of control, risk-taking, ambiguity tolerance, intellectual fluency, fantasizing, pragmatism and challenge seeking are used as the main topics in the questionnaire. The findings of this research show that the share of concepts related to entrepreneurial personality traits in the 4 selected children and adolescent movies is nearly 20% and there is no significant difference between the selected films in the use of entrepreneurial concepts. There is also a significant difference between the shares of 8 entrepreneurial personality traits in the selected films. Among them, risk-taking feature with the number of 174 sentences has the largest share and pragmatism feature with 58 sentences has the least share in the selected children and adolescent movies in the last 4 decades. Due to the increase in the tendency of children and young people towards theatrical content, movies can be an important source for modeling roles and accepting entrepreneurial personality traits and thus promoting and teaching entrepreneurial skills. Based on the results, it is recommended to institutionalize the entrepreneurial culture through the development of movies with an entrepreneurial approach, especially in the genre of children and teenagers.

In this research, a collection of Iranian pharmaceutical companies which have been accepted in the Tehran stock market has been selected based on purposive sampling. The future plans of 34 out of 44 companies, whose annual reports of the board of directors ending in 1400 could be accessed from codal.ir, were analyzed and classified by content analysis. As a result of the analysis of future plans, a total of 3 main themes (market and marketing, supply chain and profitability), 18 sub-themes and 65 codes were identified. Among the main themes, the theme of market and marketing, the theme of supply chain and the theme of finance have a frequency of %72, %22 and %6, respectively. Among the sub-themes, product portfolio diversification, profitability, and export market development are the most frequent among the companies' plans. Based on this research, it was found that pharmaceutical companies pay special attention to actions related to the market and marketing by doing activities such as increasing market share, product portfolio diversification, integrated marketing communications and optimal sales system management.

Media, especially virtual social networks, has had a significant impact on various aspects of societies and organizations. In this framework, the aim of the current research is to identify the dimensions, components and indicators of media use in the crime discovery process.

This research is of an applied type in terms of its purpose, and according to the purpose of the article, the qualitative content analysis approach was used. The participants of this research are experts of the police force and university professors of Amin law enforcement sciences and experts in the field of communication and media, who were selected through targeted sampling. The method of data collection is semi-structured interviews and document study. The interviews continued until theoretical saturation was reached, after interviewing 18 pppppp, ppppppppppp pppppppppp ppp pppppppp. ppppppp pppppppp method and Atlas.ti software were used to code the texts and interviews.

According to the findings of the research, the use of media in the crime detection process includes 5 general categories, 14 subcategories and 96 concepts; that the general category of communication includes the subcategory of users' communication interactions and organizational interactions; The general category of information includes the subcategory of information transmission, information analysis, information collection and absorption, and information documentation; The general category of persuasion includes the components of clarity and understanding of the message, and honesty and strength in the message; The general category educational includes the subcategory of public education and media production; And the general category of structural includes the subcategory of human, technical, legal and environmental structure.

The present qualitative research was conducted to analyze strategies, programs, and actions to improve employees’ well-being in their workplaces from the perspective of employees working in Iranian public organizations.

Based on the qualitative content analysis method, the current study analyzes the data collected from 14 public organizations in a period from the beginning of the Iranian calendar year of 1399 to the end of 1400 (March 2020- March 2021). Although semi-structured interviews (n = 115) were the primary source of data collection, researchers' observations, existing studies, and internal and external organizational reports had also a noticeable effect on developing and improving the themes.

The findings of the study showed "employee well-being in light of people interactions in the organization"; "employee well-being in light of organizational environment"; "employee well-being in light of organizational structure"; "employee well-being in light of organizational technology"; "employee well-being in light of organizational systems "and "employee well-being in light of organizational culture” were drawn as the six themes (main strategies). Moreover, 13 main categories and 63 sub-categories were obtained as programs and actions of the public organizations to promote workplace well-being from the perspective of employees in the public organizations.

Various individual, organizational, and environmental factors lead to the formation of well-being in the workplaces. Positive relationships and support from managers and co-workers are necessary at the individual level. At the organizational level, good social and physical structure, the use of advanced and safe technology, equitable compensation, efficient human resource systems, and a culture of values, norms, and symbols that facilitate well-being in the workplace is needed. Also, creating a friendly work environment, and the positive social prestige of the organization in society are various environmental programs that can lead to an exciting and motivating work environment that promotes well-being at the workplace.

The present research is seeking to identify the antecedents of value co-creation in startups in a shares economy environment. The research method is considered applied in terms of the purpose and in respect of the data collection with a content analysis approach. To this end, in the qualitative section, data have been gathered through a survey of the research literature and conduct of profound interviews. The statistical population constituted the experts and executive managers of startups in the contents of a shared economy. The sampling was processed with a snowball method, continued up to level of theoretical saturation and then the collected data were analyzed by a thematic content approach out of which 8 basic themes, 32 secondary themes and 3 open codes were identified. The findings indicate that the antecedents of value co-creation in startups in a shared economy environment include: the consumer's ethical perceptions, brand strength, relationship-based marketing, expected value, customer's experience, sustainability, contribution to the growth and development of businesses as well as infrastructures. The reliability of the qualitative data analysis was calculated through the Cohen Kappa coefficient which was 0.843. the quantitative section was handled through the structural equations modelling and the hypotheses were tested by using the PLS3 Software whereby all the 8 assumed hypotheses were confirmed. The reliability of the questionnaire was calculated through the Alpha Cronbach Coefficient and Combined Reliability ((CR)) while the validity was obtained through the confirmatory factor analysis, factor loads and the average variance extracted (AVE). Finally, some recommendations were made for enhancement of the upcoming research activities and practical approaches

The present study was carried out to determine the most important factors in the success and failure of startups. In order to conduct the research, after studying the existing literature and extracting the factors of success and failure of startups, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 18 owners of tourism startups in Iran. In the next step, applying the qualitative content analysis method, the success and failure factors of these jobs were classified into 10 main groups. Finally, based on the 10 identified groups, these factors were prioritized using the Shannon entropy method. The findings show that organizational factors are the first priority and unpredictable factors are the last priority (less important) in the success of Iranian tourism startups. Regarding the factors influencing the failure of these businesses, the first priority is related to legal-political factors and the last priority is technology resources. Therefore, not only entrepreneurs should pay special attention to organizational factors for creating their tourism startups, policymakers and the Ministry of Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts, and Tourism should pave their path through legislation of appropriate laws

The present study aimed to offer a model to gain sustainable competitive advantage on the basis of positive psychological capital. The approach in the study is a mix of quantitative and qualitative with a pragmatic paradigm approach. From purpose view, it is an applied research and the method selected for the study is descriptive survey. Participant of the survey were managers and elites of National Iranian Petrochemical Company (NIPC) and some other companies active in petrochemical industry and were selected using nonrandom sampling method. In qualitative section of the study, data collected from semi-structured interviews with 17 elites in the industry were analyzed, using qualitative content analysis method in AtlasTi.8, and all conceptual model and concepts were extracted. In quantitative section, data were collected using questionnaires and the final research model was evaluated and prepared using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) method. SEM results in AMOS26 software showed that positive psychological capital affects sustainable competitive advantage through direct and indirect impact on other variables, as social capital, human capital, intellectual capital, organizational citizenship behavior (OCB), knowledge management and innovative work behavior. So, to achieve sustainable competitive advantage, positive psychological capital plays the pivotal role comparing other human resource capitals. Social capital is the second most important variable in this regard. The study findings include different indices and factors effective in achieving sustainable competitive advantage and present of an optimized model to reach sustainable competitive advantage on the basis of positive psychological capital in NIPC.

Today, human life is tied to a variety of organizations. Achieving comfort and well-being in life depends on the proper functioning of organizations. One of the main obstacles to achieving this is the growing administrative Corruption. Certainly, the creation of an ethical organization can be of great help in resolving this problem. Since one of the main goals of the mission of the Prophet of Islam is to complete the virtues of morality among the people and there are many verses with moral themes, we decided to design a model of organizational ethics based on selected verses of the Holy Quran. This study was conducted by qualitative research method of inductive content analysis on the verses of six surahs of Maeda, Yusuf, Noor, Esra, Ahzab, and Hojorat. The results of the study show a focus on individual characteristics (sustainability, courage and resourcefulness), social norms (consultation, appreciation), and organizational policy (training, organizational support, justice, planning, meritocracy, Supervision) can have positive personal (economic maturity, responsibility, piety, self-reliance) and social (proper companionship, cooperation and interaction, security) effects. Thus, paying attention to the categories of this model can reduce corruption in organizations. Researchers interested in this field are suggested to implement the designed model in organizations and evaluate the results of its implementation by quantitative methods.

By examining the religious books of Muslims, it can be acknowledged that no religion as much as Islam does not value thinking and knowledge. However, in the present era, knowledge has been introduced as a key asset in development and competitiveness, and knowledge management has been introduced as a new and necessary solution to increase productivity. But this seemingly new managerial concept was introduced 1400 years ago in the Qur'an and other religious books and has been explicitly mentioned by the Holy Prophet and the Imams. The knowledge management literature review arises from "business experiences and studies" and despite the many explicit and implicit references to knowledge and wisdom in Muslim religious texts; these texts have not been analyzed in terms of identifying structures related to knowledge management. Therefore, in this study, to develop the "knowledge management framework derived from Islamic texts"; the qualitative content analysis of the "wisdom of Imam Ali in Nahj al-Balaghah has been used. The identified main components are classified into six general categories: "causal conditions", "knowledge phenomenon from the perspective of Islam", "contextual conditions", "interfering factors ", "strategies and best practices "and" Individual and social consequences resulting from the implementation of knowledge management "from an Islamic perspective. In the next stage, by calculating the correlation coefficient of components and sub-components, a "conceptual framework of Islamic knowledge management" has been developed.

The concept of brand represents a widely common phenomenon in today's global economy, and the so-called national branding refers to a smart way of trading and creating wealth, making it an important part of the business strategies adopted by developed countries. Despite its great potentials for increased levels of production and export to foreign markets, the Iranian food industry has long been facing numerous challenges due to lack of strong national branding. Accordingly, the present study seeks to address the research gap in this field by following a mixed (qualitative – quantitative) approach where qualitative content analysis and structural equations were used to develop and present a strategic model for the development of national brand in the food industry of the country. In the qualitative part, the statistical population was composed of academic elites and food-industry practitioners, while managers and experts at Tabarok Industrial Manufacturing Group comprised the statistical population for the quantitative part of this study. The required data was collected through library studies, semi-structured deep interviews, and a researcher-constructed closed-ended questionnaire based on Likert scale. The findings indicated that the development of national brand in the food industry is affected by five groups of key factors, namely (1) industry-related factors, (2) key firm-related factors, (3), brand-related factors, (4) government-set policies and supports, and (5) macro environmental factors affecting the national brand. Quantitative findings of the research showed that the developed model exhibited appropriate goodness-of-fit in the first stage.

The main aim of this study is to explore and explain the antecedents of emotional climate of organization, and to introduce its components in National Iranian Oil Products Distribution Company (Khorasan Razavi). This is a qualitative research study, which is based on content analysis strategy. The data were collected through semi - structured interviews, and the analysis was done by the qualitative content analysis. The statistical population consisted of all employees of National Iranian Oil Products Distribution Company in Khorasan Razavi District, and the sample was selected by using purposeful sampling up to the theoretical saturation and sampling adequacy of 19 people. The findings showed that the antecedents of the emotional climate of organization can be grouped into seventeen categories, including manager’s characteristics, meritocracy, respecting employees, corporate reputation, political parties, self-interest, ranking system, privatization, administrative rules, compensation system, organizational ethics, external environment of the organization, organizational justice, knowledge management, conflict, type of work, and job rotation. Recognition of these antecedents and their sub components can help the managers to better understand their organization and make necessary changes to provide a well-managed emotional climate in line with the organizational goals.