خط مشی

The purpose of this research is to provide a model for choosing the coordinates of the policy laboratory in the country's executive management. According to its purpose, the research method is practical and in terms of implementation, qualitative, in terms of content analysis, and in terms of nature, descriptive-exploratory research and its main strategy is a comparative study of various policy laboratories suitable for the executive management of the country. A is The research elite community includes 16 managers, policy makers and researchers in the field of policy making and policy with expertise related to the policy laboratory, researchers/faculty members active in the field of management and policy making, leaders, theory Policy labs/activists in the field of public policy were the researchers and practitioners, they were approached in a targeted manner, using the snowball method, and the interviews continued until theoretical saturation was reached. MAXqda 2020 software was used to collect information from a semi-structured interview with the theme analysis method and to perform the analysis process after open and axial coding. The results indicated that a total of 95 basic codes, 15 organizing themes and 5 overarching themes were identified and extracted, and the results of the current research, in addition to identifying the four basic approaches of the living laboratory, data-based policy making, behavioral insight and game approach Seriously, the structure of the policy laboratory for executive management takes into account the variety of issues in a decentralized (divergent) manner and with active participation in various fields.

The administrative system of the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology of the country is always facing many problems that it is not able to deal with all of them easily. Therefore, it is necessary to know the appropriate policies with the nature of the problems in this area, in order to provide the best governance methods. The present study was conducted with the aim of identifying the policies for dealing with wicked problems in the administrative system of the Ministry of Ataf. This research is a type of qualitative research that was conducted using thematic analysis method. The research community included professors and experts with academic education in public administration, executive managers working in the Ministry of Ataf, and researchers and experts in higher education, and sampling was done using a targeted non-probability method. Data collection continued until theoretical data saturation and 15 semi-structured individual interviews were conducted. The research community included professors and experts with academic education in public administration, executive managers working in the Ministry of Ataf, and researchers and experts in higher education, and sampling was done using a targeted non-probability method. Data collection continued until theoretical data saturation and 15 semi-structured individual interviews were conducted.The findings of the research showed that setting up a strategic document based on existential philosophy, decentralization, proportionality of authority and responsibility, re-engineering processes, methodizing the methods of recruitment and promotion and implementing the proposal system, including policies to deal with wicked problems in the administrative systemThey are the Ministry of Ataf. As a result, the application of each of these policies by the managers of the country's higher education system can lead to better management of wicked problems and further reduce the negative effects of such problems on various areas of the Ministry of Ataf and the country's scientific community.

Today, societies and countries strive for growth and development to achieve superiority over others. Sustainable development encompasses all aspects of growth that each society aims to realize based on its resources and circumstances. This research aims to create a model for advancing sustainable development policies in Iran, drawing from partial successes. The study employs an applied research method with a descriptive-survey approach. It involved ten influential specialists in policy implementation, with sampling continuing until theoretical saturation was reached. Utilizing a qualitative approach and classical grounded theory, data was collected through interviews, which were then coded and analyzed using the emergent (Glaser) method. The findings indicate that multiple factors influence the promotion of sustainable development policies. Based on the new concept of partial successes and extensive coding, six key factors—economic, social, cultural, strategic, environmental, and organizational—were identified, along with 18 sub-indicators. Iran has prioritized these factors to advance sustainable development. Developing countries, including Iran, consider these indicators crucial for formulating sustainable development policies to achieve this significant global objective.

The use of high-quality human capital in the public sector is in the focus of national policies of many countries. The law for attracting and maintaining top talent human capital is one of the policies approved by the cabinet to create a special path for identifying and employing talents in public-sector organizations. There are challenges in the implementation of this policy. The purpose of this study is to identify the barriers to employ top talents in these governing bodies. The data of this qualitative research was extracted from semi-structured interviews with 17 experts in 5 organizations that are related to top talents policies. The qualitative content analysis method was used to analyze the interviews. The findings of this research show "the challenge of defining and identifying the elite", "lack of investigation and needs assessment before selecting the elite", "lack of suitable recruitment mechanisms", "long processes of employing elites", "inappropriate criteria for recruiting elites" and "ignoring material needs of elites" are the most important obstacles to employ top talents in governing bodies. True identification of these challenges helps to make correct and appropriate decisions.

The policy approach of human resource management refers to attracting, developing, managing, creating motivation and achieving the commitment of key resources of the organization, that is, the people who work in or for that organization should be effective in an intelligent way. Build and manage management interactions.The purpose of the current research is to formulate a human resources development model according to the policies of the country's property and document registration organization, which in terms of the purpose of the development-applied research type and in terms of the method, it was carried out with a mixed exploratory (qualitative-quantitative) approach. The present research in the qualitative part after analyzing the records, using the qualitative method and in-depth interview on 17 people from the panel using the purposeful and cluster judgment sampling method, reached theoretical saturation, and then the information obtained using the method The analysis of the topic under investigation and the implementation of the Delphi technique have been made.The findings of the research showed that the development of human resources according to the policies of the organization of registration of documents and properties of the country.The conducted investigations have shown that the components and sub-components of human resource development of the country's property and document registration organization have been fully identified and investigated.

databases, and the use of the 7-step Meta-synthesis method (Sandelowski and Barroso), based on the stakeholder policy evaluation model for the three stakeholders: citizens, professionals, and operators and Based on Edgar Schein's culture model and considering three levels of artifacts, values ​​, and fundamental assumptions, it was done. The findings include four concepts for the stakeholders of professionals (organizational motivation and commitment, acceptance of changes, job satisfaction, promotion of organizational culture), three concepts for the stakeholders of operators (operational efficiency, innovation, and technology, partnership, and cooperation) and three concepts for the stakeholders of citizens (customer satisfaction, work experience, trust, and security). Also, two codes were identified in the fundamental assumptions section: 20 codes for values ​​and nine codes for the level of artifacts. According to the three main stakeholders of the Communications Regulatory Authority in this research, a model was developed by separating all three stakeholders based on different cultural levels in order to make it possible to evaluate the policy for each stakeholder separately, to modify and revise the policies based on The predicted model is available.

Courage is important and necessary for ethical behavior in organizational environments that moves people in the right and moral direction. PolicyMaking in knowledge-based companies on organizational courage is to expose harmful behaviors and prevent them. To present the policy model of knowledgebased companies by measuring organizational courage. Based on a mixed research approach; In the first stage, in the qualitative part with the foundational data theory method and the method of interviewing managers , through 20 interviews up to the theoretical saturation, information was collected, and in the second stage, quantitative research, relying on the paradigm model, designed a questionnaire and 40 samples with SmartPLS software was reviewed and the final model was presented. five main components and nine components were extracted; Causal conditions (characteristics, flexibility and changeability), intervening component (organizational structure), strategy component (human resources development), background conditions component (behavioral courage, verbal courage, courage in thinking and mental courage) and finally the consequences component with subcomponent organizational development. Knowledgebased companies, which are based on private capital and specialized knowledge of individuals, must bravely receive the expert opinions of individuals and involve their opinions in managerial decisionmaking in order to implement organizational policies. Policy, Model, Organizational Courage, KnowledgeBased Companies

The purpose of this research is to explain the sensory marketing policy in order to realize good governance in a society of recipients of financial services.

In the first part, which is the initial stage and qualitative assessment, the statistical population of the research consisted of professors, managers and experts in the field of sensory marketing, of which 10 people were selected as a series of experts. In the second part, which is a quantitative part, a sample of 384 people was selected from the community of recipients of financial services.

the dimension of emotional performance with a factor load of 1.55, the dimension of emotional self-efficacy with a factor load of 1.27, and the dimension of sensory participation with a factor load of 1.25 have respectively been more valid than other dimensions.

The dimension of emotional performance includes 4 components of understanding emotions, the quality of emotional relationships, responding to emotions and creating motivation, the dimension of sensory self-efficacy has three components of capacity-building, education and communication, and the dimension of emotional participation includes four dimensions of awareness, social skills, and value creation and strategies.

The explosive growth of data generation in the era of information and communication has led to the formation of a new concept called big data. Big data has created exciting and irreplaceable opportunities in different fields, one of the most important users of big data are businesses, but there have always been challenges and various regulatory disorders in the exploitation of big data by businesses in Iran. One of the most important reasons for these regulatory disorders is the existence of disagreements and different interpretations among policy actors regarding some key issues in this field. The present research, using the Q methodology, after identifying the disputed issues and interviewing 16 experts in this field who were selected by the purposeful sampling method, has dealt with the typology and categorization of the mindsets among the policy actors in this field. The results of this research show that there are 6 types of mentalities in facing the application of big data in the economic environment of the country: “authoritarians”, “fans of a competitive rule-based economy”, “supporters of an open self-regulating economy”, “moderate regulators”, “confused” and “supporters of centralized, non-security decision-making" that each of them interprets the issues in this field from their own point of view. Finally, by examining and analyzing “agreed expressions” and “differentiating expressions”, recommendations for effective policy making in this field have been presented.

The question of what elements entrepreneurs pay attention to enter a specific industry is important in the entrepreneurship literature. On the other hand, people's decision-making style follows three logical, emotional, and intuitive patterns. This research has been done to answer the question, what factors do entrepreneurs with a rational, emotional, and intuitive style pay attention to enter an industry?

This research is applied research in terms of purpose and tries to help to shed more light on how entrepreneurs make a strategic decision to choose an industry. This research has a mixed method design (multiphase design). The decision-making model of entrepreneurs is assessed with a quantitative approach, and the tool for collecting is a questionnaire. The way entrepreneurs decide to enter a specific industry will be examined with a qualitative approach. The interview method has been used to obtain the required information at this stage.

The research findings show that the way entrepreneurs enter with a logical, emotional, and intuitive style has a series of similarities and differences. The clustering of extracted codes in this research is categorized into 21 themes.

The results of the research showed what factors entrepreneurs with a logical, emotional and intuitive decision-making style consider for choosing an industry.

The existence of emerging competitors in the digital field and the increase in customer demand forces banks to find new and innovative sources, in this regard. The aim of this qualitative research is to present an evidence-based policy model in the field of digital banking. In this research, Cranholm and Gold Kohl's multiple foundation data method is used. The subjects of this research are experts in the field of digital banking who were selected using the purposeful sampling method of the theoretical sampling type. To extract the main components of the evidence-based policy model in the field of digital banking, semi-structured interviews were used and in-depth interviews were conducted with 30 experts and decision makers in the field of digital banking. In this research, 5 categories (core category, supporting platforms and formation platforms, causal conditions, obstacles and intervening conditions, results and consequences) and 25 concepts were extracted in the inductive coding stage. And then conceptual refinement, model coding (presentation of the model), theoretical adaptation of the model, experimental validation and evaluation of the theoretical coherence of the model and enrichment of the theory were described. The findings show the digital banking process does not operate in a static environment and should be dynamically or organized. Therefore, the information technology centers of the banks need to adjust the evidence-based policy model in the field of digital banking based on its characteristics and establish a feedback and evaluation system for it and use the necessary measures according to its technology level.

One of the most important challenges in the field of defense policies, which has caused the objectives set in the plans and macro policies to not be fully realized, is the lack of clear limits of the duties and authorities of the employees, parallel work and redundancies, and the lack of participation of the employees in the defense policies. Currently, there is no native model in this field; Therefore, designing this model is essential. This research was carried out with the aim of designing a model for promoting employee participation in defense policies. The research method was applied in terms of purpose and data was collected in a mixed (qualitative-quantitative) manner with a sequential exploratory approach. In the qualitative section, based on the theme analysis method, the required data were collected and analyzed by conducting 30 semi-structured interviews (including 12 academic experts and 18 commanders) using theoretical sampling and snowball methods; And in the quantitative part, the data was collected in the field, where 384 people were selected from the commanders, managers and experts of the Islamic Republic of Iran Army first by stratified random and then by Cochran's formula. Then, the data was analyzed with the help of SPSS software and Amos structural equations. The findings of the research showed that the model for promoting employee participation in defense policies has 40 basic themes, 16 organizing themes and 6 comprehensive themes, which can be used as a basic and scientific theoretical framework for promoting employee participation in defense policies.

This Study was performed to present a model for implementing information technology policies for The Sixth Development Plan based on the neural network approach.

Based on purpose, this research was applied and used survey method. Questionnaires were administered to collect data. In the factor identification phase, the statistical population consisted of 15 managers of Communication Company, who made the experts pannel. In the testing phase, 260 IT experts comprised the sample.

The factors affecting implementation include two main dimensions of structure and function, as well as ten subsequent dimensions (environment, policy, organization size, culture, technology, human resource development, infrastructure development, plans development, private section development, content provision) are worth of consideration. Results show that the neural network of the best structure consists of one entry layer with 5 entry variables, one hidden layer with 10 neurons, and one outgoing layer with one variable.

Originality:

 Taking conceptology into consideration, and using the mixed approach, we explained the components affecting the implementation of IT consisting of structure and function (both variables). Regarding methodology, modeling through neural networking approach can be considered as another contribution of this research. With regard to application value, this study makes it clear that the best combination for development is realized when all entry variables are considered simultaneously. Besides, the weakest scenario would be when the development of infrastructures is ignored.

This research has been done with the aim of providing an effective model for evaluating the health policies of the administrative system according to the upstream documents in the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Finance. This research is a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods, so that at first, by conducting library studies, 108 policy titles were counted as primary codes (parts of speech), which were divided into 23 basic themes (components) and then into 6 organizing themes (dimension) included administrative, social, economic, political, judicial, and financial dimensions. The initial model was verified by experts. The statistical population of this research includes 4062 employees of the headquarters and provincial general offices of the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Finance, and according to Cohen's sampling method, 205 samples were selected using the stratified sampling method. The initial model was tested in this sample. The validity of the questionnaire was calculated as (86.1 percent), the internal reliability of the questionnaire was also calculated using Cronbach's alpha, and considering that the values of Cronbach's alpha were higher than (0.7), the internal reliability of all dimensions was confirmed. Data analysis was done using SPSS and Smart-PLS software. Statistical methods of confirmatory factor analysis, structural equations and single-sample t-test have been used to investigate the research questions. As a result, according to Cronbach's alpha indices score and composite reliability higher than 0.6, factor loading higher than 0.5 of the questions, root-mean-square index score of the standardized residual equal to 0.039, the validity of the model was confirmed.

The purpose of this study was to design an inter-organizational cohesion model in implementing crisis management policies with an interpretive structural approach. The present study is applied in terms of purpose and was conducted by qualitative method and in the framework of descriptive-survey research. The statistical population consisted of 18 experts familiar with crisis management policies, including 7 managers of the Crisis Management Organization, 6 experts and experts in crisis management agencies and 5 university professors with expertise in crisis management. They were selected non-randomly and purposefully based on expertise, experience, theoretical mastery, access and desire. By reviewing the background literature and opinions of experts and also using the Delphi method, 50 indicators of inter-organizational cohesion in the implementation of crisis management policies were identified in the form of 16 components and the components were leveled by ISM technique. Findings showed that the components were located at seven levels, the unity of command and resource management at the infrastructure level and joint actions, agreement and interaction at the first level of the interpretive structural model of the research. Determining the priority policies of the partner agencies and providing the required resources, centralized and appropriate management of resources and equipment in times of crises and the establishment of a command center in the crisis area, implementation of crisis management policies as well as achieving other components of cohesion It will facilitate inter-organizational implementation of crisis management policies and help improve crisis management performance.

The lack of a coherent decision-making and policy-making system has caused several consequences and damages in the society, which need to be identified. These consequences extend from the lack of order in the work flow of society and related economic systems, to the distortion of the economic division of labor system and the creation of extensive outstanding claims in the banking system; On the other hand, the future of economic organizations such as banks depends on government policies, especially that banks are completely aligned with government policies and policies. The current research is based on the practical goal and has been carried out in 3 phases and a multi-stage process. The first phase is the recognition and explanation of the research plan, which includes the preparation of the research plan, the preliminary study related to the theoretical foundations of research in the field of pathology, the formulation and implementation of policies, and the explanation of the main concepts. In the second phase, according to the findings of the first phase, interviews were compiled. In-depth interviews were conducted with managers, experts and planners of Iran's banking system and professors of public administration (policy trends, organizational behavior, human resources). Then, using the qualitative approach (Delphi method), the modeling of various aspects of pathology was discussed, formulation and implementation of policies in the field of monetary resources and its allocation. In the stage of identifying the issues, the use of academic experts and experts in the field of the subject area of ​​the research, as well as experts in the National Bank of Iran, have been the intended community. Sampling at this stage is a targeted type of reference, which is a non-probability method. In this research, selected samples include 10 senior managers of Iran's banking system and 5 academic experts. The issues, problems and harms of policy making in the banking system in the field of resources and expenditure management, including policy enforcers, the structure of laws and policy implementing organizations, resources and facilities, organizational policies, legal policies, systemic corruption, pressure groups, related stakeholders, Economic indicators and internal processes are damages. The result is that the structure of the banking system needs fundamental changes, so the new structure must be redesigned in accordance with the goals defined in the law for the organization and appropriate human and organizational resources must be attracted so that laws and policies can be implemented well in a suitable and new context.

The lack of a coherent system of decision-making and policy-making has caused several consequences in society. These consequences range from the lack of order in the workflow of society and related social systems, to the distortion of the system of division of social and economical  labor.
Case study:Country's Banking System

 The present study is based on an applied goal and has been carried out during 3 phases and a multi-stage process. The first phase of recognizing and explaining the research plan; Phase 2 According to the findings of the first phase, interviews were initially developed. Then, using a qualitative approach (Delphi method), various aspects of pathology were modeled and policies were developed and implemented in the field of monetary resources and its allocation. Experts and academic experts in the field of subject matter research as well as experts in the National Bank of Iran have been the target community. Sampling At this stage, 15 people were selected from the target reference type.

 Issues including: including policy enforcers, policy structure and policy implementing organizations, resources and facilities, organizational policies, legal policies, systemic corruption, pressure groups, dependent stakeholders, economic indicators, internal processes of policy violations ‌ are transitions.

 The structure of the banking system needs fundamental changes and therefore the new structure should be in accordance with the objectives defined in the law for the redesign organization and the appropriate manpower and organizational to be absorbed in a new appropriate context, laws and policies are well implemented.

Governments formulate the entrepreneurship policies to affect their societies economic development and public welfare. The purpose of this study is to design an entrepreneurship policy model and validate it. Accordingly, the public sector in different countries seeks to consider and formulate relative policies. The purpose of this article is to design a model of entrepreneurial policies and validate the factor structure of the model. This research is basic from the audience dimension, and descriptive from the purpose dimension. The research approach is quantitative and data collection has done through sample survey. After the initial evaluation of the questions by experts and calculating the CVR coefficient, the questionnaire was gathered from 240 managers and experts related to the field of entrepreneurship and development of knowledge-based companies in the Ministries of cooperatives, labor and social welfare, industry, mine, and trade, and economic affairs and finance, Science, Research and Technology. Data were analyzed using AMOS24 and SPSS26 software. Based on the findings, various indicators of the structural pattern of the research, were in the acceptable range and the proposed conceptual model, are valid. Seven components (regulations, market access, access to technology, promotion, cultural activities, support, financial support, and nonfinancial support to target groups) were extracted using confirmatory factor analysis, and 37 indicators were identified.

There is an emphasis on the evaluation of government’s performance in health sector according to local and international criteria, based on accurate scientific evidence, and in the light of the modern model of governance. Such evaluation is carried out according to a variety of parameters and rational criteria, including responsiveness and transparency, throughout different time periods. Unfortunately, the current ranking of Iran's health in the international arena reflects the relative inefficiency of the government’s performance. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify the dimensions and components of the application of the Government’s Performance Evaluation Model in the health system. The present qualitative study adopted the systematic approach of Strauss and Corbin and employed the grounded theory strategy. To collect the data, unstructured interviews were carried out with 16 academic-professional organizations experts including custodians and experts in performance evaluation of government. 177 Concepts, 27 sub-codes and 6 main dimensions were identified, including Causal factors, mediators, core phenomenon, contextual factors, strategies, and consequences. The consequences of performance were identified, highlighting four categories, “integrated monitoring system of action and implementation”, “service quality improvement”, “structure and human resource downsizing”, and “fulfillment of national, regional, and international interests”. The proposed model, built upon a preventive policy-making approach, is designed to plan sustainable development with the aim of reducing trial-and-error-based decisions, optimizing the use of resources, and developing flexibility in implementation of the agents to improve a healthy lifestyle. The findings of this research will lead to an increase in the commitment and efficiency of employees, promote the effectiveness of the organization, and raise life quality, public welfare and increase in the age of life expectancy.

The specialization of calligraphy is among the most complex specialties, skills and arts; It is therefore very difficult to pursue sound and effective policy-making, which necessitates the establishment of a laboratory to develop, implement and evaluate policies designed to be implemented in the community. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explain the design pattern of the line laboratory.

In this research, with a qualitative research approach and a hybrid tool that includes weekly steps, a systematic evaluation and analysis of the results and findings of the previous research has been done.

The design model of the calligraphy laboratory in the form of 8 main categories, according to important study areas such as calligraphy problem diagnosis, calligraphy laboratory staff, calligraphy laboratory stakeholders, the role of calligraphy laboratory in government, calligraphy laboratory programs, location of calligraphy laboratory, physical space of calligraphy laboratory and the expected output of the line laboratory is provided. Therefore, in order to identify the problems of community unity, policy laboratories should be established with the presence of policy experts as well as stakeholders in different areas of the country with appropriate facilities and physical space to identify community problems with proper planning and with the cooperation of the group. Different research institutes to find solutions to these problems and implement the explained policies in cooperation with the state and the government.Limitations and consequences: One of the limitations of this research is the lack of similar work and the lack of completely familiar experts with the subject of policy laboratory design.

Qualitative research, with all its advantages, comes with weaknesses in generalizability and validity. Therefore, in order to increase the generalizability of this research, it is necessary for researchers to evaluate the above model in other high-risk industries. Another consequence of this model is that if the policy experts use this model, a laboratory with a suitable physical and environmental space by employing appropriate staff and stakeholders to explain practical solutions to society's problems will be made In general, there will be a place for the intersection of discourse between knowledgeable experts in various aspects of a major community problem, which can solve many problems and prevent many negative consequences in the community.

Considering that in this study, a model for creating a policy laboratory has been developed, using the model of this study can make the process of designing and developing macro policies more operational. Therefore, the added value of this study can be considered as facilitating the policy-making process in the context of the policy laboratory by following the components and indicators of the proposed model. On the other hand, the raw model obtained from the study of texts by the meta-combined method can be used as a basis for future research in order to build tools and practical guidelines for those in charge of the policy laboratory. This research is very innovative and will make a great contribution to knowledge enhancement in the country.

Public Policy is a key tool for governments to exercise national sovereignty. The purpose of this research was to identify the factors affecting the implementation of public policies and determine the relationships among them using interpretive structural modeling in Iranian project-based companies active in the fields of oil and gas.

This research was qualitative in terms of method. Initially, in order to identify the components, a systematic review of literature was rendered. The statistical population of the study included senior managers of state companies active in the field of oil and gas, as well as university professors active in the field of policy-making. To collect data, 9 experts were interviewed, 55 selected articles were reviewed and a special questionnaire was administered. In order to systematically review the foundations and background of the research, an eight-step method was used, and finally, six categories were identified according to the secondary concepts. Regarding the research framework, in order to explain the relationships among variables and to classify the implementation model of public policies, the structural-interpretive modeling method was applied.

Results show that the framework for the implementation of public policies includes such elements as tools and requirements, integrity, environmental factors, effectiveness, results, and strategies. Moreover, the variables fall into four groups: autonomous, dependent, connected and independent. Also, the relationships and effects of each category are examined.