زیست بوم کسب وکار

The characteristics of today's businesses have led managers to pay attention to their business from ecosystem point of view and this attention is increasing. Considering businesses from the business ecosystem point of view will lead to significant differences in comparison to considering a specific business and will transform analyses and actions from the individual level to the collective level. However, the prerequisite for any analysis or action in the field of ecosystems is to identify the characteristics of ecosystems. In order to specify the characteristics of business ecosystems and using Metasynthesis, published articles in four databases and specifically four reputable journals are reviewed and after evaluating and screening the articles, 54 articles are selected and carefully studied and the information obtained are combined and interpreted. According to the Metasynthesis results, the characteristics of ecosystems can be classified into five main characteristics including Structural Characteristics, Interactive Characteristics, Evolutionary Characteristics, Social Characteristics and Governance Characteristics that every characteristic includes sub-characteristics and concepts and all together make the framework of business ecosystems’ characteristics. These characteristics affect all dimensions of an ecosystem and comprehensive knowledge about them is a valuable guide for any research or action in ecosystems.

The business ecosystem represents the collaborative and co-existence role of an organization in a larger network, whose recognition requires understanding the relationships among the members of the ecosystem. The aim of this study is to investigate the ecosystem of mobile communication in Iran using social network analysis technique. After a survey of mobile communications experts in Iran the boundaries of the mobile ecosystem is defined. Then, using snowball method, key actors of Iran's mobile communications ecosystem have been identified. After conducting interviews with the managers of the organizations, the data on the relationships among these actors were collected and using social network analysis (SNA) technique the network of actors was drawn up. Presentation of visual model of mobile ecosystem of Iran is one of the results of this research. The findings show that two mobile network operators in Iran have the highest centrality in the network and are considered as mobile ecosystem leaders in Iran. Analysis of the betweenness indicator shows that Communications Regulatory Authority after two network operators mentioned above has a more prominent role of betweenness in the network. Besides, among the main parts of the ecosystem, controlling and monitoring institutions have the strongest connections across the entire network and hence they are considered as the most powerful part.