صنعت گردشگری

With the advancement of technology and the increasing use of spatial data in the tourism industry, attention to geomarketing and the application of innovative technologies like blockchain for optimizing geomarketing has become essential. This research aims to design a blockchain-based geomarketing model in the tourism industry. The study employs a mixed-methods approach, encompassing both quantitative and qualitative aspects, and is considered applied research. The statistical population includes tourism marketing experts, information technology specialists, and tourism managers, selected through purposive sampling. Data collection and the identification of key concepts were conducted using semi-structured and unstructured interviews. Creswell's model was applied alongside content validity assessment and intra/inter-coder reliability evaluations to ensure research validity. The study follows the grounded theory approach using Strauss and Corbin’s method, extracting a model through a three-stage coding process (open, axial, and selective) that includes causal, contextual, and intervening conditions, identifies the central phenomenon, proposes geomarketing strategies, and outlines their consequences. According to the research findings, given the complexity and large volume of location-based data in the tourism industry, implementing this technology can significantly enhance information management for more effective geomarketing. The study concludes that for companies to implement blockchain-based geomarketing in the technological era, strategies such as technology policy-making, infrastructure development, and digital onboarding must be adopted.

Stakeholders in the tourism industry can enhance their resilience to recover from crises and positively impact the national economy. By considering socio-cultural capacities, stakeholders can turn crises into opportunities for growth and sustainable development. Therefore, focusing on building and enhancing the resilience of tourism industry stakeholders is essential for sustainable development. In this regard, the present study aims to provide a resilience model for tourism industry stakeholders by leveraging socio-cultural capacities in selected tourism provinces of Iran (Tehran, Yazd, Isfahan, and Hamedan). This research is fundamental in nature, employing a qualitative research method and conducted using the grounded theory approach. Data were collected through purposive theoretical sampling and in-depth interviews with research experts. The data were then analyzed using data analysis principles and coding foundations with the assistance of MAXQDA software. As a result, the research model is presented in six main categories (causal conditions, the main phenomenon, contextual conditions, intervening factors, strategies, and consequences), six main themes (cultural and spiritual excellence of society, culture of support and innovation, challenges of the tourism industry, resilience of tourism industry stakeholders, resilience management, and resilient and sustainable tourism industry), 18 sub-themes (spiritual health, social cohesion and solidarity, innovation and creativity, governmental and non-governmental support, challenges of the tourism industry, creating resilience and preserving the governing values of the tourism industry, utilizing social and cultural capacities, etc.), and 64 conceptual codes. The implementation of the proposed model is expected to be utilized to enhance the resilience and performance of the tourism industry.

Despite the trend of marketing researchers in the field of social media, the factors affecting the tendency of customers to follow the brand in social media have received less attention. Therefore, the main purpose of this research is to explore the factors affecting the intention of customers to follow the brand in social media. In order to achieve this, a quantitative approach and a descriptive-analytical method of correlation type have been used. For this purpose, at first, by studying the relevant literature and developing the conceptual model of the research, it was evaluated in the online tourism industry. The statistical population of the research is the customers who follow the brand of online tourism sites. The data collection tool was a questionnaire and the non-random sampling method was available and the statistical sample size was 310 people. Content validity and construct validity were used to check the validity of the questionnaires, and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to check the reliability of the questionnaires. The analysis of the collected questionnaires was done by "SPS" and "Visual PLS" software and structural equation modeling method. The results show that service quality, information quality and system quality have a positive and significant effect on perceived pleasure and perceived usefulness. Perceived pleasure and perceived usefulness have a positive and significant effect on social presence. Social presence has a positive and significant effect on the intention to follow the brand.

Shiraz, as one of the most important cities in the country in the field of tourism, is considered ‎to have very significant natural and historical attractions of Iran, many of which are relics of ‎the ancient history of Iran. Attention to the tourism industry's development is paramount to ‎exploit these capacities fully. The adoption of innovative technologies in this field improves ‎the welfare and tourist experience and the possibility of competition with other tourism ‎destinations at the global level, turning Shiraz into a prominent global destination. This ‎research aims to identify the challenges of implementing the Fourth Industrial Revolution in ‎the tourism industry and provide solutions to solve them. This research is exploratory and ‎uses a mixed research strategy (qualitative-quantitative), considered applied research. Data ‎collection was done through literature reviews and semi-structured interviews. This research ‎is cross-sectional. 43 challenges were identified from the literature review and interviews ‎with experts. According to the results of the fuzzy screening, 37 challenges were finalized ‎and classified in 5 dimensions. Additionally, through a review of previous literature and ‎interviews with experts, 22 solutions were collected to solve these challenges. Among them, ‎one challenge was eliminated in the fuzzy screening process.‎

The name and image that each city leaves in the minds of its audience is the city’s brand, which is an important asset for sustainable development and differentiation between cities. Therefore, cities must be able to identify their potential and competitive advantages and exploit them. On the other hand, creative industries, as one of the competitive advantages that generate employment and wealth, play a significant role in the gross domestic product and also in reflecting the identity of a region on the international stage. Hence, focusing on the growth and development of creative industries can play a significant role in urban branding, attracting tourists and investors. Therefore, the aim of this research is to identify and analyze the structural-functional factors of the creative industries on urban branding. In this study, data were collected and analyzed using a mixed approach (content analysis method in the qualitative part and structural equation modeling method in the quantitative part). The data collection tools in the qualitative part were in-depth interviews and in the quantitative part, a closed-ended questionnaire was used. In the qualitative part, 23 experts were interviewed until theoretical saturation was reached, and in the quantitative part, 240 people were selected using a random sampling method with the Cochran formula. The results indicate that urban branding factors (including infrastructure, branding strategies, competitiveness, and placed-based marketing) with a coefficient of 0.387, and also creative industry factors (including ecosystem, knowledge and creativity, and innovation) with a coefficient of 0.721, have a direct and significant impact on urban branding. Therefore, by developing creative industries in the three areas of ecosystem, knowledge, creativity and innovation, a much stronger impact on urban branding can be achieved.

Given the profound disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic in global travel and healthcare systems, there is an urgent need to reassess health tourism frameworks to align with the emergent needs, challenges, and opportunities in the post-corona landscape. The aim of this research was to present a service innovation model in the health tourism industry, focusing on the post-corona era. The study employed a mixed-methods approach, utilizing thematic analysis to identify key factors influencing service innovation in the health tourism industry, particularly in the post-corona era. Subsequently, through the Delphi method and quantitative analysis using structural equation modeling with the SMART PLS software, specific factors were identified and validated. The findings revealed 46 indicators across 6 dimensions in order of importance, including Sensitivity and Cultural Diversity in Health Tourism, Patient-Centered Services, Technological Innovations, Post-Corona Safety Measures, Regulatory Framework, and Environmentally Responsible Initiatives in Health Tourism.

The purpose of the current research is to examine the challenges caused by Corona in the tourism industry in the field of employment and to examine the ways out of it. Since the tourism industry has suffered the most economic impact during the outbreak of Corona virus, the choice of this industry and its role in the employment and unemployment of the country is of particular importance. The interdisciplinary nature of this industry, from social sciences to economics, geography, architecture, management, and medicine, is so intertwined that it cannot be considered as a separate field. The research method is qualitative and data collection was done using in-depth interviews with experts and experts in the field of tourism and marketing. The result of the in-depth interview with experts led to the identification of 12 challenges, 23 consequences and 42 strategies, and finally, 18 practical strategies were selected from all strategies and their relationship was analyzed.

The current research aims to design a social entrepreneurship model in the tourism industry as an innovative approach to provide the field of entrepreneurship for the disabled. The mixed research method is exploratory and operational. In the qualitative part of the meta-synthesis method, with the help of Scientometrics, VOSviwer, and MAXQDA software, previous research at the international level and through databases was assessed and analyzed from 1980 to 2023. In this section, the conceptual model with three categories, individual, interpersonal, and environmental, was explained during the coding process. In the quantitative part, using the fuzzy cognitive mapping method, the relationship between the conceptual model variables and their impact extension on each other was analyzed. Finally, by performing forward and backward scenarios on the most effective and impressible factors with the centrality of social entrepreneurship in the tourism industry, the related model was presented. The research findings showed that among the identified variables, environmental and interpersonal factors with the greatest influence, and individual factors with the most significant impressibility in interaction with other variables, provide a fundamental role in supplying the social entrepreneurship field of the disabled in the tourism industry. Also, the results of this research in the theoretical field obtain new angles and practical suggestions for researchers and policy-making and decision-making institutions.

The present research presents a blockchain-based peer-to-peer accommodation service acceptance model in the tourism industry. The research method is of an applied type and was carried out with a hybrid approach (a mixture of qualitative and quantitative methods), using thematic analysis, Max-Kuda software, structural equations, and SmartPLS and Mikmak software. The tools of data collection are interviews and questionnaires, and the sampling method in the qualitative part is purposeful judgment and in the quantitative part, it is simply random. The statistical population in the qualitative section included 15 experts in the tourism industry and university professors who were selected by the purposeful judgment sampling method. The tool for collecting information in this section is a semi-structured in-depth interview. In the quantitative part, the statistical population including managers and employees active in the field of tourism was identified, and using Cochran's formula and sampling method, it was estimated that 384 people were available, and 400 questionnaires were distributed. By analyzing the data, 16 main categories and 180 concepts were extracted, and finally by determining the causal conditions (technology factors, digital platform, legal factors, accommodation economy and circular economy), contextual conditions (perceived quality of peer-to-peer accommodation services, benefits Perceived economy of peer-to-peer accommodation services, perceived authenticity of the destination, perceived identity of the destination), intervening conditions (blockchain type, system ownership), central category (acceptance of blockchain-based peer-to-peer accommodation services), strategies (social incentives, (increasing social interactions, creating shared value) and consequences (loyalty and competitive advantage) of the blockchain-based peer-to-peer accommodation service acceptance model in the tourism industry was presented.

In today's dynamic business environment, organizations increasingly recognize the importance of customer capital as a valuable asset. A major challenge for firms is how to differentiate themselves in a global market and build competitive advantage. The experience economy approach emphasizes on creating memorable, personalized, and attractive experiences for the customer so that the economic income of the companies and the added value of their services are made through the customer experience. Many tourism firms have been able to move up the value chain from a service base to an experience base as a means to attain high levels of customer satisfaction and profitability. Consequently, a better understanding of how customer capital or relational capital with an experience economy approach will assist business managers and designers in developing effective strategies by focusing on the relationship and how this experience can build sustainable technology innovation, business models, and strategies, and help design services for tourists to meet the market's needs. To continuously create and deliver the value of engagement experiences, companies must provide their employees with the means to design, create, and stage such experiential offerings. This requires strategic alignment of human resource management and marketing processes. Therefore, due to the lack of a comprehensive and integrated model, this research aims to present a framework that uses customer capital to guide the organization's success in the experience economy.

The current research was conducted based on the purpose of developmental type and in terms of qualitative data collection with Grounded theory approach. Considering the nature of the research problem, the researchers have used the interpretive paradigm and inductive logic for the detailed research investigation. In the first part, texts related to customer capital, experience economy, and human resource management have been extracted from library sources. The second part was an interview with 13 people consisting of human resources managers of the tourism industry, including tourism companies, hotels, and university professors. Sampling was done purposefully and continued until the theoretical saturation of the researcher was reached. The interviews were conducted through in-depth semi-structured interviews and the 5w1h technique and sought to answer questions such as: how, why, what, where, who, and when. The extracted codes reached saturation after the 13th interview. After studying and refining, all concepts were adjusted to 29 components and 417 codes. In the following, the extracted phrases were summarized and simplified, and duplicate sentences were removed. To analyze the data and identify the components with a three-stage coding process (open, axial, and selective) of the content analysis method and MaxQDA 2020. Thus 13 components, 29 indicators and 74 final selection codes were obtained. Finally, a paradigm model of customer capital reinventing designed with the experience economy approach.

The first step of the model for the regeneration of customer capital with the experience economy approach in Iran's tourism industry is causal conditions including innovation and initiative, talent management, and foresight. This stage can be considered as the preparation or pre-implementation stage. At this stage, the organization does not specifically enter into capital reinventing, but it tries to provide grounds for it. This stage includes factors that lead to the regeneration of customer capital with the experience economy approach. The gap of innovation and initiative with the indices of innovation capital and intellectual property, the component of talent management with the index of susceptible personality traits, and the component of foresight with the index of agility in the service process have been considered as causal conditions by researchers. The next step is to reinvent customer capital as a central phenomenon. Context conditions that must exist to be able to carry out appropriate actions and strategies; include environmental components with indicators of the market situation, economic factors, and pervasive technology. Intervening conditions include the intellectual capital component with indicators of human capital and structural capital, and the component of leadership styles includes the index of managerial support. The strategies include the policies and processes component with customer-oriented recruitment and recruitment indicators, customer-oriented training, consulting, and reflective compensation, the feedback process component with constructive feedback indicators, the system of customer suggestions and complaints, and the risk process consisting of continuous monitoring indicators, and resilience. Finally, the results in the paradigm model show the emergence of customer capital reinvention with the experience economy approach, including three levels: satisfaction at the individual level, development and productivity in the organization, and stabilization of ideals and institutionalization of values ​​at the extra-organizational level.

The results of this research are important in several ways, other researchers get to know the conceptualization of customer capital in the experience economy and how groups and individuals in the tourism industry share their information. It should be used quantitatively in other research and ultimately lead to a common understanding of the reinvention of customer capital. This research attempts to explain the mechanism by which the development of customer capital and organizational performance contribute to the experience economy in the current turbulent business environment. Also, the results show that effective human capital management improves organizational capital and customer capital. Therefore, the results show that generational diversity leads to the creation of shared values. At the extra-organizational level, to deal with the current and expected talent shortages in the international hospitality industry, an important and innovative focus in the tourism industry is for companies to pay attention to the diversity and inclusion policy as part of sustainable human resources. management strategy. It leads to customer loyalty and branding for tourism centers.

The places frequently visited by tourists can become high-risk areas due to the high volume of tourists and significant financial activity. Using environmental design is one of the most effective ways to prevent crime and improve environmental sustainability in these destinations. This article evaluates the importance and effectiveness of various components in preventing crime in the Imam Ali (AS) Square and Naqsh-e Jahan Square axis in Isfahan. The research follows a purposeful and descriptive-analytical method. Data was collected through library and field research. After identifying 35 effective components in crime prevention through literature review, experts were asked to complete a questionnaire. The data was then analyzed using importance-performance analysis. The results showed that components such as "several commercial-administrative and part-time uses in external and internal roadways," "holding ceremonial events," "level of cleanliness," and "level of establishment of population-attracting uses" had the highest average performance. On the other hand, components like "permeability," "creating a positive image in the minds of tourists," "presence of security and instilling a sense of security in tourists," "reduction of abandoned and ruined spaces," "elimination of hidden corners," and "control of uses with social norms" were found to have the highest average importance.

Today, the increase in carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and its adverse environmental effects have been noticed more than ever. In this regard, The main goal of this research is to investigate the impact of CO2 emissions on the tourism income of selected countries that are members of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) during the annual period of 2008 to 2019 using the panel quantile regression model. The quantile panel regression estimation results show that carbon emission (LCO2) hurts tourism income in all deciles except for the first, second, fourth, and fifth deciles. The rest of the deciles have statistical significance. Gross domestic product (LGDP) positively and significantly affects all deciles. Trade openness (LTRADE) positively affects tourism income in all deciles except for the fifth, sixth, and seventh deciles. The rest of the deciles have statistical significance. The number of incoming tourists (LTN) up to the sixth decile positively affects tourism income, and the seventh and eighth deciles have no statistical significance. The governance index (GOV), except for the second, third, and fourth deciles, has a negative effect. However, in the rest of the deciles, it positively affects tourism income, and the sixth, eighth, and ninth deciles have statistical significance. The exchange rate (LEX) negatively affects tourism income in all deciles, and except for the first decile, the rest have statistical significance.

In order to minimize losses in tourism industry, it is necessary to study the best methods of survival in a crisis and Iran's location to a high risk of crisis in the region, increases the need to present a crisis model in this industry. In order to find a suitable solution in accepting the crisis and providing practical measures, the factor of corporate social responsibility was studied.

This research is of an applied type, which was conducted with the approach of content analysis and data collection was done from the study of research literature and in-depth interviews with experts. Sampling continued in a targeted way, with Atlas software and in-depth examination of themes.

The indicators of human resource management, revenue management, crisis communication, alternative approaches to providing services and social legitimacy, which are derived from strategic methods of social responsibility, show the high impact of these factors on tourism crises.

Forming a crisis management team, determining the international and domestic target market, market adaptation with products and services, trust-building, the suggested solutions were discussed by the experts.

Corporate Social Responsibility is presented with key indexes and examples of sub-indexes: in this order, in the key index of human resources management: it provides improving competitiveness. In the revenue management index: price optimization, in the crisis communication index: it provides the impact on professional ethics. In the index of alternative approaches to providing services: product optimization, and in the index of social legitimacy: it provides shared value

As the goals outlined in the Iranian Strategic Tourism Development Policy Document cannot be realized without attracting financial resources, this study sought to design a model for effective strategic factors in attracting investors to the tourism industry in Ardabil province using the mixed-method approach. The population of the study at the qualitative phase comprised managers and officials of the Directorate General for Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts, and Tourism of the province, potential and real professionals and investors in tourism, and university experts with at least five years of experience in tourism management, investment, and marketing. The sample size of the study was selected through purposive sampling. To collect the required data, semi-structured interviews were conducted with the participants of the study until theoretical saturation was achieved in the twenty-fifth interview. The collected data were then analyzed via systematic grounded theory using open, axial, and selective coding. Accordingly, fifty-four concepts, eighteen sub-categories, and seven main categories were found after the integration and classification of concepts. Based on the proposed model of the study, the investors’ tendency to invest in tourism, tourism environment, and investment attraction management, the quality of tourism infrastructure, social factors prevailing over the region, supportive measures, and strengthening the position of tourism were identified as the core category, causal conditions, contextual conditions, intervening conditions, strategy, and the result of the implementation of strategies, respectively. In the quantitative phase, a questionnaire was developed by the researchers based on the identified components. Then, the questionnaire was administered to 220 investors and experts in the field of tourism. The collected data were then analyzed through the Smart PLS Software using structural equation modeling. Finally, the validity and correlation among the model’s variables were reconfirmed.

The present study was carried out trying to effect of Green human resource management on environmental Performance With mediator role of Organizational Citizenship Behaviors in tourism industry in Kish Island. In terms of research objective and data collection method, the study is an applied and descriptive-correlation one. The research statistical population consisted of 547 Employees in tourism industry in Kish Island from which a total of 226 subjects were selected as the sample using Cochran formula and accident sampling method. In addition, research data was collected through Green human resource management (Mohammad Nejad Shurkai), Organizational Citizenship Behaviors (Vaijayanthi et al)and environmental Performance (Arvaneh) In order to assess the validity of the questionnaires, the views of the distinguished professor of guidance and some experts in this field were used and finally the questionnaires were approved. survey and the reliability of which was calculated through Cronbach’s Alpha. After the questionnaires were collected and it was found, by means of Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, that variables were normal, the data were analyzed using Pearson Correlation in SPSS and PLs software. The results of the research original hypothesis indicated that Green human resource management significantly influences environmental Performance With mediator role of Organizational Citizenship Behaviors in tourism industry in Kish Island.

The world statistics indicate that the spread of Corona virus is caused a decrease of 70% in international tourism industry. Therefore, this paper seeks to answer this fundamental question: what is the effect of Corona disease on the sectoral production and institutional income distribution in Iran? To analyze this question, structural path analysis is used. For this purpose the new social accounting matrix (SAM) of 2016 is estimated. The matrix comprises 110 activities and 22 institutions (including income deciles of urban and rural households, companies and government). Then in consonance with the question, the effects of reducing foreign tourism expenditure on the production and income distribution have been worked out. The results show that the decrease in international tourism has led to decrease in total productions, for which the highest decreases belong to the wholesale and retail sectors, transportation, hotel and restaurant, services related to food and beverages and manufacturing of food products with shares of 16.6, 11.6, 10.5, 9.3 and 6.1 percent, respectively. The results of the structural path analysis approach reveal that among the factors of production, mixed income is the most and important path which stands for decrease of income of all institutions due to the reduction of foreign tourism expenditure, both for urban and rural households as well as companies.

The tourism industry has grown significantly in recent years and has moved from traditional to structured, professional and globalized. This research was conducted with the aim of identifying and leveling the risks of human resources as well as drawing the relationships between them.

In terms of the purpose, this research is considered to be an applied type and an exploratory type of study, and in terms of method, it is laid in the category of mixed research. In the qualitative part, for this purpose, human resource risks were extracted from the studies conducted using theme analysis.

According to the findings of the research, the risks of "lack of appropriate educational structure", "non-compliance with the labor law and problems of the law for employees", and "lack of a suitable service compensation system (salary and benefits)" are the most basic human resource risks affecting the tourism industry, which should beprioritized.

Due to the service-oriented nature of the tourism industry, human resources and related risks have always been the concern of trustees and business owners in this field. These results help the policy makers in determining the most suitable path and development of the tourism industry.

The contemporary tourism industry is undergoing a transformative phase due to factors such as increased global travel, improved infrastructure, and widespread adoption of digital technology. This exponential growth has turned the tourism sector into a suitable platform for emerging developments. Understanding user behavior has become a crucial factor for businesses in the tourism industry to attract audiences, enhance satisfaction, and ensure loyalty. However, there is a significant lack of comprehensive research in this field, which poses challenges for data-driven decision-making and alignment with evolving perspectives. This paper utilizes social network analysis to examine and analyze the communication network of Iranian tourism websites and understand the consumer behavior of Iranian users towards tourism services. The study identifies eight distinct communities of tourism websites: ticket and tour purchasing forums, accommodations (hotels), online taxi services, accommodations (suites and cabins), food and cooking, location-based services, bus tickets and international tours, and migration. Through analyzing the relationships between these communities, valuable insights into mutual communication and communication patterns in the tourism ecosystem are presented. These findings contribute to facilitating sustainable and innovative future pathways by providing practical insights and policy recommendations for industry stakeholders.

This study aims to present the optimal model of the Tourism Value Chain in Yazd Destination, which enables improvement of the current status of tourism development in YD. The literature review identified 67 key factors affecting the TVC. These factors were studied using the Fuzzy Delphi Method. This research is descriptive regarding the purpose and practical regarding the results. The experts’ opinions, who are familiar with the research field, have been used to collect data. The method of sampling was purposeful. According to the results of this research, 54 factors were confirmed by the experts. As well, "positive and negative economic, socio-cultural and environmental effects" and "destination management organization" were added and confirmed. According to the results of the research, it is suggested that the tourism destination management organization of Yazd Province should be formed regarding the role-playing of all the stakeholders of the tourism development of the province, achieving the desired outputs, maximizing the satisfaction of tourists and positive economic, social-cultural and environmental effects and minimizing negative effects. Also, the offered optimal model should be used as a framework and a method for analyzing and synthesizing the formation processes of the tourism experience and identifying opportunities to increase value through positive actions or removing obstacles or limitations.

The purpose of this research is to design a model of information technology commercialization in online businesses with an emphasis on the tourism industry. This research is mixed in terms of practical purpose, exploratory in nature, and in terms of data collection method. In the qualitative part of the research, 12 experts were selected in the fields of information technology and tourism. In this research, semi-structured interviews were used by non-random sampling method. The statistical population in the quantitative section was estimated to include 384 online businesses and companies providing tourism services. In the qualitative part, the theme analysis method was used to analyze the data collected. In the model test, research hypotheses were first prepared and then analyzed by structural equation modeling method and using Lisrel software. The results of the quantitative stage showed that the commercialization of information technology in online businesses was explained by 10 components including Economic factors, legal issues, Infrastructure, factors related to marketing, managerial factors, factors affecting business, political issues, cultural prerequisites, business environment, and technology management. The highest priority is related to the factor of legal issues, and political issues, structure, factors affecting business, cultural prerequisites, managerial factors, technology management, economic factors, factors related to marketing and business environment are in the next priorities respectively