فرهنگی

Introduction and purpose of the research:

 The historical market of Tabriz can be considered as a clear example of the native culture of Iran with the dimensions of cultural scope, meaning as well as place and history in the current research. The aim of the current research is to investigate the process of the phenomenological dimension of the semantic place in the architecture of the historical market of Tabriz through the approach of cultural studies, which explores the level of the semantic value of the place in that axis.

the present article can be called a descriptive-analytical research, which first studied the location dimension in terms of a semantic concept from the theoretical aspect in library resources, and then in relation to its structure; Based on the written documentation, it has had a qualitative-quantitative analysis.

In examining the concept of place and the cultural components that influence the meaning of place, we aim to introduce the ability of the historical market of Tabriz as a symbol of a meaningful place based on the researches carried out according to the books, articles and thoughts of expert thinkers, which was carried out in the face of the integration of spatial structure that includes the process of concepts and functional continuity. It is appreciated.

The results of the research showed that the historical market of Tabriz as an architectural place is emphasized in explaining the perceptions and experiences of people with spatial semantic dimensions and its meaning in their culturedness from the dimension arising from the phenomenology of spatial meaning. So, in investigating the application of the phenomenology method, it is due to the fact that it is one of the most used methods in the field of qualitative research, as well as an efficient approach in studies related to the philosophy of architecture and the phenomenology movement.

This research is a survey and descriptive. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire based on five-choice questions. The statistical population was all non-governmental and non-affiliated employers active in the field of work and occupation in Isfahan province.(105777 employers) and based on Cochran's formula, at a level of error of 5% of the sample population, 382 people were identified, and due to the possibility of refusal of some employers, 430 questionnaires were prepared and distributed. The sampling method in this study was simple random sampling without alternatives. After confirming the validity of the measurement tool and measuring the internal coherence of the items, data analysis was performed using Cronbach's alpha test. In the descriptive part, dispersion and central statistics such as mean and standard deviation were used using SPSS software version 25. Inferential statistics including Kolmogorov, Smranoff test, and Regression models with hidden variables were used to test the research hypotheses using Amos software version 24. The results of the hypotheses showed that social capital and cultural capital are effective on the tendency of employers' insurance violations, but economic capital is not effective.

Entrepreneurship, as the most important weapon of economic development, has an important role in economic development and raising the level of capability of the country. The purpose of this study is to provide a model and strategy of effective factors in managing the development of women entrepreneurship in Iran. Because the main problem of underdeveloped countries in today's world is not the lack of financial and human capital Women in entrepreneurship should be considered as almost half of the effective human resources of the society.

In the present study, using the meta-combination technique, the findings of related internal and external studies were systematically examined by the seven-step method of Sandolowski and Barso. Out of 120 articles searched in this field, 70 selected articles based on which 22 factors affecting the management of women's entrepreneurial development were identified and extracted. Research

The present study was conducted with the aim of providing an effective model for explaining the factors affecting the management of women entrepreneurship development in Iran‌‌. Research Methods. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in terms of data collection and survey group. Data analysis was performed qualitatively using content analysis and Delphi and MaxQuoda software and quantitatively by structural equation modeling measured using correlation and covariance, Demetel. The statistical population of the present study consists of 30 experts and professors in the qualitative section and in the quantitative section of senior human resources in the study area of ​​Tehran Municipality and its affiliated organizations, which is equal to 196 people. 

The research findings showed that the main factors of personal/personality dimension, economic/financial, cultural/social‌‌, ‌‌‌ political/administrative and 22 sub-concepts affect the development of women entrepreneurship ‌‌‌

‌‌‌Based on the results of research‌‌, ‌‌‌Individual characteristics can be considered as one of the most effective factors in the process of managing the development of women's entrepreneurship in Iran. It is suggested by compiling, implementing and supervising scientific programs for entrepreneurship development (up-to-date and effective) in any geographical location and living standard of the target community in Iran;  By raising the level of knowledge, attitude, motivation and entrepreneurial leadership of women with effective and efficient government support, the individual / personality factor can be considered as the most powerful factor in managing the development of women entrepreneurship in Iran.

From among the actions conducted in the developed and developing countries in order to achieve sustainable development and reduce economic, social and bio-environmental pressure is, for example, implementation of the plans for development of tourism in the local, national and international scales. Tourism is counted as one of the cleanest industries of the current age which has attracted attention of governments and countries of the world. For our and many countries that still have not gotten enough experience in the development of the tourism industry, this sector is new activity. In order to be new charactor of this industry, there is examples of adverse effects, lack of proper planning and the negative consequences, which should be identified and fixed. Tourism analysts have long embraced resident perception surveys as the per-eminent means of measuring social impacts from tourism. This approach has received renewed impetus in recent years, largely due to the rising importance of participatory approaches that seek to include the voices of residents as an integral component of sustainable tourism planning. While there is considerable value in understanding tourism development from the point of view of residents, such an approach has serious limitations when employed as a stand-alone method as an objective measure of social impacts. The main objective of this research is to study the factors affecting improvement of situation of tourism industry in the Alborz province. In terms of method and nature of work, the present research is descriptive correlative type and, in terms of objective, is applied type. It’s a cross-sectional research according to the time. In this research, the standardized questionnaire has been used, and SPSS software has been employed. Findings of the research indicate that economic substructures, environmental stability, social-cultural sustainability, mental indexes based on perception and perspective of local society and political-security stability have been effective on the improvement of tourism situation of Alborz province. On the basis of Friedman test, factor of social-cultural stability is placed in the first rank and, following that, environmental stability, decrease of poverty and revenue distribution and political-security stability placed in the next ranks with less distance. Economic substructures and mental indexes based on perception and perspective of local society have been placed with higher distance in the fifth and sixth rank respectively.

With the advancement of technology and competition between organizations, employees are faced with many job opportunities. This makes the organizations work hard in retention employees..The purpose of this research is identify and priority factors effective in retention staff and providing a model to the public organizations in Iran )the case research education Khozestan province(.. so after a review of the literature and exploitation of experts , the model of the preliminary investigation patrol planning . The views of the experts , the final model research was ready, The descriptive research method is applied . society and statistical sampling method is the present study : 1 - academic professionals , using the method of sampling 20 people targeted at the 2 - staff employees of the General Authority for education in Khozestan province to the number of 500 people , random sampling method is a class according to Table Morgan 217 results showed that between cultural factors , organizational , government, organizational factors the most influential in retention staff . Also, between factors of organizational leadership style , with a significant number of t - test obtained front 18.21 and path coefficients 0.965 most influential retention employees

The presence of tourists at every country will influence the pattern of life, of the local people. Also, visitors will be affected by the culture and existing values of the host country. In this research, we studied the positive and negative effects of tourism development on the host community. This research was conducted by survey method and benefited of schedule interview (Baneh households). The sample size of this research was 369 (people) and it was done through Multi-stage cluster sampling method. Cronbach's alpha was 70 percent which showed relatively a high reliability. Regression analysis has been considered for the data analysis and hypotheses testing. Analysis of the data, shows that the most efficient factor in prediction of dependent variable "change in the host community", is cultural change. After that, conspicuous consumption and cultural adaption have the highest influence on the host community attitude change. Cultural Commodification has lower effect on changing the host community attitude comparing to other indicators.

As the traditional views of management is unable to meet the various needs of urban residents and requires newer models of management, pilgrimage management is also demanding new strategic approaches. Organization of pilgrimage in Mashhad needs comprehensive recognition of management issues. This article attempts to describe and analyze the status of pilgrimage management by qualitative and quantitative methods with the aim of recognizing the strategic pilgrimage management status quo and offering the suitable strategies in socio-cultural issues. In order to collect the required information, various methods such as documents, internet resources, interviews and questionnaires have been used. In this research 13 main organizations in Mashhad have been consulted to collect the data. 28 experts and authorities from these organizations are interviewed and the results of published interviews in different newspaper are also used. The results show that pilgrimage management in Mashhad is not in a good condition. In terms of internal factors (Strengths and weaknesses), it faces weaknesses and as for the external factors (Opportunities and Threats), it has not shown appropriate responses. It means that it doesn’t benefit from the opportunities and have shown little reaction to threats.

The Purpose of this study was to identify the factors affecting the quality improvement and productivity of Islamic Azad University centers and branches in Region 2. The study is a survey, and the data were gathered by a researcher – made questionnaire consisting of 50 questions based on the objectives and indices of quality in higher education centers. The statistical population included all faculty members (1778) and non-academic staff (1517) who worked in west Azerbaijan, Zanjan, and Ardebil Provinces during 2012. A sample of 350 (161 faculty members and 189 non-academic staff members) was selected through random stratified multi-stage cluster sampling method and by using Morag's Table. The data were analyzed by mean rank test and Friedman test, and for the comparison of the views of the two groups, t-test and one-way variance analysis were used. The results indicated that among the effective factors, the educational-cultural factors, the management and structural factors, the student factors, and the research factors are ranked in order of importance, respectively. Furthermore, the result showed that there is not a significant difference between the views of the sample groups.

In this study, which was conducted using descriptive survey method, five questions and two hypotheses were proposed. Research data which was extracted from 90 employees of Iran’s District 12 Grain Company using questionnaires was analyzed by T, ANOVA, Tukey, Chi-Square, and Jonckheere Tests. Motivational factors affecting the employees’ performance in Iran’s District 12 Grain Company were selected based on Herzberg's theory, and include fame, growth and advancement, the job nature, responsibility and success. Cultural factors affecting the employees’ performance in this company were selected based on Robbins’ theory, and include attention to details, challenging spirit, attention to the employees, attention to the results, attention to the team, innovation, and stability. Moreover, the research results show that performance evaluation has affected the performance of the employees in Iran’s District 12 Grain Company, and the current evaluation system is acceptable by the employees. In addition, the order of importance for the factors affecting the employees’ performance in Iran’s District 12 Grain Company are as follows: 1)the job nature; 2)fame; 3)responsibility; 4)growth and advancement; and 5)success. The order of importance for cultural factors affecting the employees’ performance are as follows: 1)innovation; 2)stability; 3)attention to the employees; 4)attention to the results; 5)attention to the team; 6)attention to details; and 7) challenging spirit.

For the past two decades, with the advent of sustainable development paradigm in tourism, concerns have been raised about the undesirable and destructive effects of mass tourism, and in this context many empirical studies and actions have been undertaken to operationalize this concept and its evaluation models. On the other hand, the manner of implementation and assessment of this progress has introduced a lotof challenges to the concept. This paper seeks to answer this key question: based on dimensions and effective indicators of sustainable development of rural tourism, what level of sustainability thehistorical-cultural villages of the country possess? We aim to develop a practical method for evaluating and monitoring the progresses made towards sustainable rural tourism development (SRTD) in terms of quality of human and natural systems, and to evaluate the sustainability level of tourism development in the historical-cultural villages of Iran during a specific period of time. With a descriptiveanalytical methodology, and with utilization of barometer and sustainability radar, we surveyed the locals', tourists’, and authoritie's opinions to assess and measure the progress towards the mentioned goal. Results indicated that the social and economic dimensions of tourism in these villages are more sustainable than environmental aspect, and that the historical-cultural villages of Iran have a relatively poor level of sustainability in general. Therefore, in order to advance towards SRTD in historical - cultural villages, it is necessary to create balance among the main elements of SRTD: fulfillment of local residents’ interests and needs, satisfaction of tourists, and maintenance of environmental values.

The main purpose of this paper is formulating the comprehensive model for identify factors that impact on develop of organizational citizenship behavior in Iranian Petrol National Firm. To achieve the purpose mentioned above, questionnaire survey method is used. Participant in this research are 2500 people in staff of firms and 100 people are selected as sample. In this research is examined impacts of five factors such as leadership, personality, Structural, cultural and Value Factor on develop of OCB. Results indicate that OCB is high in units that their manager is used transformational stale, their employee have personality trait such as emotional stability, extraversion, openness, agreeableness and conscientiousness, also their organizational culture was process oriented, employee Oriented, have an open system and loose control. Finally finding in this research is shown that Social capital and organizational justice enhance OCB in organizations.